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PubMed1982

Quantitation of hydroxyprogesterone caproate, medroxyprogesterone acetate, and progesterone by reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography.

A high-pressure liquid chromatography method for the quantitation of hydroxyprogesterone caproate, medroxyprogesterone acetate, and progesterone in pharmaceutical dosage forms was developed. The method gave accurate, precise, and reproducible results. The excipients present in the dosage forms did not interfere with the assay procedure except benzyl benzoate in progesterone injection. The percent relative standard deviations based on six injections were 1.6, 2.5, 2.7% for hydroxyprogesterone caproate, medroxyprogesterone acetate, and progesterone, respectively. The stability of progesterone in ethanol--propylene glycol--water (10:50:40) was studied. The loss in potency of progesterone, even after 487 days of storage at 50 degrees, was less than 10%.

17 alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate↗
PubMed1994

The in vitro metabolism of 17-hydroxyprogesterone by ovaries of the goldfish, Carassius auratus, is affected by substrate concentration.

Ovaries of mature goldfish (Carassius auratus) were incubated with 17-[3H]hydroxyprogesterone and 0, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 micrograms/ml 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17P). The major products were quantified after separation by thin-layer and high-performance chromatography. The results show that substrate concentration markedly affects the pattern of metabolites. Glucuronides and sulfates decreased from 7.2 +/- 2.0 and 28.5 +/- 4.4% of recovered radioactivity, respectively, in the absence of added 17P to insignificant yields at 10 micrograms/ml 17P. 7 alpha-Tetrols were the major products (36-52%) with 0-1 microgram/ml substrate, but at 10 and 100 micrograms/ml 17,20 alpha-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20 alpha P) was the major metabolite and there were low yields of other products. 11-Deoxycortisol was produced in significant amounts only at low substrate concentrations. The results support the hypothesis that 5 alpha-reduced-7 alpha-hydroxylated metabolites are formed by enzymes of high activity but low capacity and serve to limit secretion of 17,20 alpha P and its 20 beta epimer to the period of maximum GtH stimulation.

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone↗
PubMed1993

Characterization of the hydrophobic interaction of steroids with endoplasmic reticulum membranes by quenching of 6,8(14)-bis-dehydro-17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone fluorescence.

The fluorescence behaviour of 4,6,8(14)-trien-3-one steroids, which exhibit fluorescence in protic media but no fluorescence in hydrophobic environments, was used to characterize the molecular nature and temperature-sensitivity of steroid hormone-biomembrane interactions. Since 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone as the key intermediate is known to accumulate in smooth endoplasmic reticulum membranes in the course of adrenal and testicular steroid hormone biosynthesis, its fluorescent analogue, 6,8(14)-bis-dehydro-17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (BDHP), was used as the probe molecule. With rat testis microsomal membranes and liposomes, fluorescence quenching in the presence of membranes (related to fluorescence in aqueous solution) was independent on steroid concentration but was dependent on membrane lipid concentration in terms of a hyperbolic function. Complete fluorescence loss occurred at infinite lipid concentration at 20 degrees C, indicating complete insertion of the steroid probe into the hydrophobic portion of the membrane compartment. The partition coefficient KP increased with increasing temperature as a consequence of increased membrane fluidity. The result that BDHP fluorescence decreased considerably with elevated temperature in both the aqueous and the membrane milieu was interpreted as the consequence of increasing molecular mobility; this effect was much more pronounced in the aqueous than in the membrane environment. On the basis of local BDHP concentrations within the membrane phase (calculated from KP), relative fluorescence quenching was over-proportional at low temperatures; under that condition, hydrophobic interactions with rigid membrane lipid domains are obviously favoured.

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone↗
PubMed1987

Simultaneous radioimmunoassay of progesterone, androst-4-enedione, pregnenolone, dehydroepiandrosterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone in specific regions of human brain.

Simultaneous determination of progesterone, androst-4-enedione, pregnenolone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and 17-hydroxyprogesterone has been developed for human cerebral tissue. Before immunoassay, steroids were separated on a Celite column with propylene glycol as stationary phase with hexane containing increasing proportions of dichloromethane as mobile phase. This system allowed separation of steroids of similar polarity, especially of pregnenolone and progesterone. The brain regions studied cortex (prefrontal, parietal and temporal), cerebellum and corpus callosum, were obtained after autopsy from 9 women and 1 man between 76 and 93 years of age. Steroids were found in all regions. The overall concentrations expressed in nmol/kg of tissue were: 10.1, 7.6, 120.7, 19.6 and 10.4 respectively, for progesterone, androst-4-enedione, pregnenolone, dehydroepiandrosterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone, corresponding to 7.3, 4.9, 74, 6.5 and 9.2 times the plasma levels. These very high concentrations, not previously described in human brain tissue, pose the question of the existence of local biosynthetic pathways independent of the peripheral endocrine gland system as well as that of progressive accumulation of steroids over a lifetime. Concentrations of each steroid in each subject varied little among the various brain regions studied, but there was much variation among the subjects with respect to the concentrations of a given steroid.

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone↗
PubMed1982

In vitro metabolism of progesterone and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone in the testis of the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Rich., at different stages of spermatogenesis.

Rainbow trout testicular fragments were incubated at 8 different stages of the spermatogenetic cycle in the presence of tritiated progesterone or 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone. This paper describes the potential enzymatic activities involved in the delta 4 route leading to the production of "major" derivatives. 1) A 5-reductase converted progesterone into 5 alpha (beta)-pregnane-3,20-dione. 2) A 20 beta-oxydoreductase converted 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone into 17 alpha-hydroxy-20 beta-dihydroprogesterone. At some stages this synthesis reached or exceeded androgen production. 3) 20 beta-oxydoreductase, 17-20 desmolase and 17 beta-oxydoreductase are proposed as putative enzymatic steps in the regulation and modulation of steroidogenic metabolism in the trout testis. 4) The physiological role of the different major steroids synthesized by the testis in vitro is discussed, and the hypothesis of the involvement of 17 alpha-hydroxy-20 beta-dihydroprogesterone in the control of germ cell mitotic activity and/or feedback on the hypothalamo-pituitary system is examined.

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone↗
PubMed1989

Human early pregnancy factor and early pregnancy associated protein before and after therapeutic abortion in comparison with beta-hCG, estradiol, progesterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone.

Serum activities and concentrations, respectively, of early pregnancy factor (EPF), early pregnancy associated protein (EPAP), beta-hCG, estradiol, progesterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone were estimated in 20 healthy primigravidae within the tenth to twelfth completed gestational week before and after therapeutic abortion. EPF, beta-hCG and estradiol markedly decreased after termination of pregnancy, whereas progesterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone concentrations moderately fell. EPAP showed no significant alterations in a 24 hours period. Because of its possible role as immunosuppressive substance and its short half-life EPF may be a promising immunobiomarker for disturbances in early pregnancy.

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone↗
PubMed1995

17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, 4-androstenedione, and testosterone profiled by routine stable isotope dilution/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in plasma of children.

Using stable isotope dilution/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (ID/GC-MS), a physicochemical method, we have profiled the plasma steroids 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, 4-androstenedione, and testosterone in normal children of various age groups. Comparison of our values with those obtained by direct immunologic assays and those using an extraction or purification step showed that immunoassays in general overestimate steroid concentrations. This was especially true for plasma samples in the neonatal period and was most expressed for the concentrations of 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone. Our study demonstrated the applicability of ID/GC-MS to routine clinical steroid analysis. The application of ID/GC-MS is recommended whenever problems from matrix effects or cross-reactivity are likely to arise or suspicious results by immunoassays need to be rechecked.

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone↗
PubMed1983

Failure of angiotensin II to stimulate increases in concentrations of adrenal androgens, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, or adrenocorticotropin in congenital 21-hydroxylase deficiency.

To determine if angiotensin II stimulates an increase in the plasma concentration of androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, or ACTH in a patient with congenital 21-hydroxylase deficiency, we measured these plasma concentrations before and after the plasma angiotensin II concentration was increased by upright posture and angiotensin II infusion in a surgically castrate XX adult patient with this disorder. The patient was studied before treatment, after treatment with 1 mg dexamethasone daily for 3 weeks, and after treatment with both dexamethasone and 0.2 mg fludrocortisone daily for 3 weeks. The plasma concentrations of androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, and 17-hydroxyprogesterone did not change consistently during increases in the angiotensin II concentration. The ACTH concentration did not increase in response to raised angiotensin II concentrations before or after steroid treatment. During the infusion of angiotensin II, blood pressure increased and renin activity decreased appropriate in degree to the preinfusion concentration of angiotensin II. The results from the study of this patient do not support the hypotheses that in congenital 21-hydroxylase deficiency, angiotensin II directly stimulates adrenal androgen secretion or that angiotensin II stimulates ACTH secretion.

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone↗
PubMed1995

17 alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone suppresses neovascularization induced by HPLC-purified ovarian hyaluronic acid-like glycosaminoglycan in mice.

HPLC-purified glycosaminoglycans (hpGAG) prepared from extracts of non-luteal mouse (JcL:ICR strain) ovaries were assayed for neovascularization by implanting Elvax films, containing test samples, on the lateral wall of the sheath of m. rectus abdominis in adult female mice of the same strain. Neovascularization occurred in a dose-dependent manner, and was characterized by capillary outgrowth extending into the tissue surrounding the implant. The single major peak of purified GAG on a column of TSK gel DEAE got out of order after treatment with streptococcal hyaluronidase or nitrous acid. The activity of this fraction was also greatly reduced when treated with streptococcal hyaluronidase or nitrous acid. When hpGAG was embedded in the implant with 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone at a dose of 20 micrograms/film, neovascularization induced by means of hpGAGs was suppressed. Progesterone at a dose of 50 micrograms/film did not suppress the neovascularization induced by ovarian hpGAG. These findings suggest that 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone suppresses the angiogenic activity of hyaluronic acid-like hpGAG in the ovary.

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone↗
PubMed1992

Estradiol, progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione and CA125 in patients with ovarian carcinoma.

Estradiol, progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione and CA125 were assayed in 25 women (12 oophorectomized before entering the study) with ovarian carcinoma. The data from patients were ordered according to the presence or absence of the gonads. The patients with ovaries (Group A) showed significantly higher levels of estradiol (p less than 0.01), progesterone (p less than 0.01) and 17-hydroxyprogesterone (p less than 0.01) than controls. This difference was not observed between oophorectomized patients (Group B) and controls. CA125 levels were significantly higher in patients that in controls (p less than 0.001) irrespective of the ovarian status of the patients. Eleven patients were followed during chemotherapy. Significant reductions of estradiol (p less than 0.01) and CA125 (p less than 0.001) levels after three courses of chemotherapy were observed. These data confirm that women with ovarian carcinoma produce an abnormal amount of steroids. Nevertheless, a marked difference between patients with and without ovaries was observed, suggesting that reported data might be biased by the presence of gonadal tissue. Thus the clinical application of steroids as tumor markers in unselected patients is limited.

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone↗
PubMed1985

125I radioimmunoassay for 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone in plasma, for diagnosing and managing congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

This rapid, inexpensive, and sensitive radioimmunoassay (RIA) for plasma 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone involves radioiodination. A single extraction with toluene/hexane removes an average 93% of the hormone from 0.1 mL of plasma. The extract is evaporated and the hormone is estimated by a simple, precise, and accurate 125I RIA involving a specific rabbit antiserum. A suspension of dextran-coated charcoal is used to separate free and bound steroid. Inter- and intra-assay CVs were less than 15 and less than 10%, respectively, and the sensitivity was 3 pg per assay tube. The regression equation for data on 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone added to steroid-free plasmas was y = 0.94x + 2.2 (r = 0.99). However, the turnaround time is only one-half to one-tenth that for most 3H RIA (3 h vs 6 to 30 h). The ranges of values found for plasma from normal subjects, treated and untreated patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia, and infants with newly detected congenital adrenal hyperplasia were, respectively, 1 to 11, 0 to 20, 30 to 620, and 270 to 4900 nmol/L.

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Diverse action of 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate and medroxyprogesterone acetate on the biosynthesis of collagen and cirrhogenous course of CC14-induced hepatic lesions in rats].

The administration of medroxyprogesterone acetate to rats did not induce rapidly progressing cirrhosis in livers damage by carbon tetrachloride, as had occurred after the administration of 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caprate. Even after two months' treatment with medroxyprogesterone acetate and CC14, the cirrhosis did not reach the levels obtained in a single month with the association of 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone and CC14.

17 alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate↗
PubMed1994

[The value of serum progesterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone determination in differential diagnosis of abnormal early pregnancy].

Single measurements of HCG, progesterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone in blood samples were carried out in 32 patients with tubal pregnancies, in 38 patients with spontaneous abortions and 28 women with normal intrauterine pregnancies from the 5th to the 7th week of pregnancy. Although all 3 parameters showed significant differences between normal and abnormal early pregnancies, no difference between abortions and tubal pregnancies could be shown. The additional measurement of serum-progesterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone for clinical use can be avoided.

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone↗
PubMed1994

[Evaluation of salivary 17-hydroxyprogesterone and its clinical usefulness in the study of hirsutism and the partial deficiency of 21-hydroxylase].

BACKGROUND: The usefulness of the concentration of salivary 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHPRG) in the diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia by partial deficiency of 21-hydroxylase was studied. As a biologic medium, saliva has important advantages such as facility in sample collection and the avoidance of the stress of venous puncture. METHODS: Salivary 17-OHPRG was measured by a direct solid phase radioimmunoassay. A control group made up of 28 males and 26 females was studied. The group of patients included 30 women, 10 of them with a previous diagnosis of partial deficit of 21-hydroxylase. Basal values were established in the control group and were compared with those found in the patients in whom a stimulation test with adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) was performed collecting blood and saliva samples. RESULTS: The levels of 17-OHPRG observed in the patients with partial deficiency of 21-hydroxylase were significantly higher than those found in the control group and in the group with hirsutism, including both basal levels and those following stimulation. The correlation between the values found in blood and saliva was very significant. CONCLUSIONS: The measure of 17-hydroxyprogesterone in saliva by a method of direct radioimmunoassay is a valid alternative test to serum measure in both basal conditions and following a stimulation test.

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone↗
PubMed1995

Daily variation of serum cortisol, 17-hydroxyprogesterone and five androgens in healthy women.

Serum cortisol, 17-hydroxyprogesterone and five androgens (androstenedione, 11-hydroxyandrostenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone and its sulphate, and testosterone) were measured by radioimmunoassay at 8:00, 16:00, 20:00 and 24:00 h and again at 8:00 h on the next day in eight healthy female subjects aged 16-40 years in the midfollicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Regression analysis revealed a significant (alpha = 0.05) circadian periodicity, with estimated peaks between 8:00 a.m. (testosterone) and 2:00 p.m. (dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate), and with estimated amplitudes between 76% (11-hydroxyandrostenedione) and 33% (17-hydroxyprogesterone, testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate) of the rhythm adjusted mean. The inferential statistical approach illustrated here should contribute significantly to the diagnostic elucidation of adrenocortical disorders.

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone↗
PubMed1997

Comparison of three methods for 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone.

We compared the performance of three 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone kits: the double antibody method, the coated tube method (ACTIVE), both from Diagnostic Systems Laboratories, Inc. (DSL) and the coated tube method (COAT-A-COUNT) from Diagnostic Products Corporation (DPC). The assay performance of the two DSL kits was very similar in terms of sensitivity, intra- and inter-assay precision, linearity of dilution, recovery, and specificity. We also analyzed 190 samples for 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone values using the above three kits. Twenty-three subjects were from prepubertal population (ages 1 month-13 years), thirty subjects were normal adult males (ages 20-53 years) and the remaining subjects were females in different phase of menstrual cycle (n = 40), on oral contraceptives (n = 20), post-menopausal (n = 17), or pregnant women in their first, second, or third trimester (n = 60). In addition to these 60 pregnancy samples, we analyzed serial samples from 3 pregnancies. 17 alpha-OHP levels paralleled the progesterone levels in all three kits. Although there was reasonable correlation between the DPC and the two DSL kits, the 17 alpha-OHP values were found to be significantly higher with DPC kit during the 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy indicating probable interference in the DPC assay by some structurally related steroids present during pregnancy. The DSL assays may be particularly well suited for measuring 17 alpha-OHP levels during pregnancy.

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone↗
PubMed1976

Experimental studies on the positive feedback effect of progesterone, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone and 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone on the pituitary release of LH and FSH in the human female. The estrogen priming of the progesterone feedback on pituitary gonadotropins in the eugonadal woman.

Administration of progesterone eugonadal women during the midfollicular phase of the menstrual cycle failed to induce a positive feedback effect on the serum concentrations of LH and FSH. The levels of estradiol in serum decreased following the injection of progesterone without a parallel change in LH and FSH concentrations indicating a direct ovarian effect of the exogenous progesterone. In the late follicular phase of the cycle, when preovulatory levels of estradiol were present in serum, or under a ethinyl estradiol treatment progesterone was able to induce an LH discharge indicating the requirement of an estradiol priming of the positive feedback of progesterone in eugonadal women. In order to establish the time required for a sufficient estrogen priming with preovulatory levels of estradiol in serum 3 mg of estradiol-benzoate were administered i.m. 1, 12 and 24 h prior to the administration of 30 mg of microcristalline progesterone in the midfollicular phase of the menstrual cycle, when progesterone alone did not cause an LH surge. Only when estradiol-benzoate was injected 24 h prior to the progesterone administration an LH surge reproducible in time course and magnitude occurred. Administration of estradiol-benzoate alone under these conditions did not cause an LH surge within the elapse of time after the injection when the progesterone induced LH surge occurred. Thus, these experiments demonstrate that a defined estrogen priming is required for the positive feedback effect of progesterone on the gonadotropin release in eugonadal women. Furthermore, progesterone levels in serum of about only 1--2 ng/ml were required for the induction of an LH surge indicating that under physiological conditions progesterone may have an supplementory effect on the primarily estradiol induced LH midcycle peak. 17-hydroxyprogesterone administered during the mid follicular phase of the menstrual cycle and under pretreatment with ethinyl estradiol failed to induce a positive feedback effect on the serum concentrations of LH and FSH, indicating that this steroid does not play a regulatory role on the midcycle LH release in women. 20alpha-dihydroprogesterone administered under the same experimental conditions as 17-hydroxyprogesterone seems to be able to induce an LH surge in serum provided there is an adequate estrogen priming.

20-alpha-Dihydroprogesterone↗
PubMed1980

Progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, estradiol, and estriol in late pregnancy and labor.

Levels of progesterone, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, estradiol, and estriol were measured in serial plasma samples collected from 30 uncomplicated pregnancies during the last eight weeks of gestation. From another group of 27 uncomplicated pregnancies, blood samples were collected during the second stage of labor and the same steroids were measured. Progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, and estradiol levels were highest during the last one to three weeks prior to the onset of labor, whereas estriol concentration increased progressively. The levels of these steroids during the second stage of labor were statistically not different from those just preceding labor. It is concluded that the onset of human labor is not associated with marked changes in the maternal levels of any of these steroids.

Estradiol↗