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Results for “Host-Parasite Interactions”

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At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Investigation on the transfer of fleas among small mammals using radioactive phosphorus.

The transfer of fleas Megabothris turbidus, Ctenophthalmus agyrtes, Nosopsyllus fasciatus etc. was investigated by labelling the bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus Schreb.) with radioactive phosphorus. On the one hand, the process of flea transfer was traced among different individuals of the same host species, and on the other, among different host species (C. glareolus, Apodemus flavicollis Melch.). The investigations revealed that the flea transfer in a rodent nest visited by another host depended partly on the number of fleas present in the nest, partly on the period spent by the new-comer in it. Conversely, the number of fleas transferred in the nest by the newly arrived host depended on the temperature of nest bedding and on the initial nest occupation by other host.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Remarks on the pathogenicity of Eimeria species exemplified by cattle coccidiosis].

Development and pathogenicity of the coccidia of cattle are known up to this day only for some species. The criteria responsible for pathogenicity of the species of Eimeria, which are arranged in the complexes "Biological qualities of the species of coccidia", "Factors of environment and stress" and "Situation of reaction of the host" are discussed. Thereby it is emphasized that in coccidiosis of calves and young cattles, especially conditions of environment are important for the outbreak or not of this disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Epizootiology and control of anaplasmosis in south africa.

The history of bovine anaplasmosis, or tick-born gallsickness, since the discovery of Anaplasma marginale by Sir Arnold Theiler is briefly reviewed. The development of the Anaplasma centrale vaccine by Theiler, up to the composition of the present vaccine issued by Onderstepoort in which the original isolate is still passaged, is discussed in detail. Recent transmission studies at Onderstepoort have shown that 5 tick species are capable of transmitting anaplasmosis intrastadially, and intrastadial transmission, especially by adult male ticks, it is believed, could play an important role in the epizootiology of bovine anaplasmosis in South Africa. Disease incidence and tick distribution are discussed in relation to enzootic and epizootic conditions. Investigations have proved that the Onderstepoort A. centrale vaccine is not as avirulent in adult cattle as it was previously thought to be. The results of a field trial undertaken to test the infectivity of the vaccine, are given.

Anaplasma↗
PubMed1979

[Parasitic adaptation phenomena of pathogenic fungi in human and veterinary medicine].

The pathogen species involved in medical and veterinary mycology can be divided into three categories according to their level of increasing adaptation to parasitism. Only the third category includes a few species (some dermatophytes) which can be regarded as genuine parasites. The opportunistic fungi belong to the first or the first two the third categories according to the given definition. The various possible factors of preadaptation or adaptation to parasitic life (physical factors, biochemical factors, avoidance of the immunological pressure and ecological factors) are discussed. Except for the species belonging to the first category the probably are efficient only if the host does not react normally.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1979

Host-parasite relations in cotton rat filariasis. III. The quantitative transmission of Litomosoides carinii to un-irradiated and irradiated golden hamsters and white mice.

The quantitative transmission of Litomosoides carinii by Liponyssus bacoti to un-irradiated and irradiated hamsters and mice is described. Both young and adult, un-irradiated and irradiated hamsters were highly susceptible to L. carinii but mice (un-irradiated or irradiated) were poor hosts. All hamsters (18 un-irradiated and seven irradiated) became infected. Seven out of nine mice in an un-irradiated series became infected. There was apparently 'age resistance' or 'young susceptibility' in the hamsters. The susceptibility of young hamsters appeared similar to that of new-born Carworth white rats and cotton rats. The pattern of infection in un-irradiated and irradiated hamsters was similar. Results from irradiated animals were insufficient to draw any clear conclusions on the effect of irradiation to susceptibility to infection with L. carinii. X-irradiation apparently did not affect the innate susceptibility cr resistance of hamsters and mice to worms. The duration and intensity of microfilaraemia was apparently higher in irradiated hamsters.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Ultrastructural changes in mouse peritoneal exudate cells during infection with Toxoplasma gondii.

Infections of mouse peritoneal exudate cells with trophozoites of Toxoplasma gondii (BK strain) were studied by means of electron microscopy. After i.p. injection of Toxoplasma-trophozoites macrophages, lymphocytes, neutrophilic and eosinophilic granulocytes migrate into the peritoneal cavity of mice. All these cells can be parasitized by T. gondii. Multiplication of phagocytosed trophozoites is not inhibited, but obviously the infected cells favour their growth.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Laboratory infection of blackflies (Simuliidae) and midges (Chironomidae) by the mosquito mermithid, Romanomermis culicivorax.

Penetrating infective juveniles of Romanomermis culicivorax usually killed first-stage larvae of Chironomus maturus Johann., Chironomus sp., Simulium damnosum Theo., and S. venustum Say. Nematodes were melanized and died after they entered fourth stage larvae of 2 chironomid species, but no host reaction was evident after entry into fourth-stage blackfly larvae. In contrast, the nematodes initiated development in the latter hosts, which died before the nematodes completed their development.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Incidence of infection and host specificity of Cuterebra tenebrosa in bushy-tailed wood rats (Neotoma cinerea) from central Washington.

Cuterebra tenebrosa Coquillett bot flies were studied under natural and laboratory conditions in bushy-tailed wood rats and 7 other small mammal host species. Larvae demonstrated strong host specificity for Neotoma cinerea. Monthly trapping samples of wood rats in central Washington showed infection peaks of 65--70% in May and 30--40% in late summer. In laboratory-induced infections, wood rats supported 7 larvae without host mortality. Natural infections in trapped rats ranged from 1 to 6 per host. Larvae developed in lateral and dorsal warbles in laboratory and natural infections. Few wood rats demonstrated evidence of acquired immunity in repeated infections over 2 years.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Field study of the relationship between skin-sensitizing antibody production in the cottontail rabbit, Sylvilagus floridanus, and infestation by the rabbit tick, Haemaphysalis leporispalustris (Acri: Ixodidae).

The resistance of cottontail rabbits to tick feeding appears correlated with the rabbits' development of skin-sensitizing antibodies. Resistance appeared to be greatest in adult rabbits which had been repeatedly infested with ticks. Rabbits with little exposure to ticks, usually the young cottontails, showed little or no skin-sensitizing antibody present in their blood and usually had relatively high tick loads when compared with adult rabbits. Models used to interpret the data show promise as tools for predicting tick population fluctuations and, perhaps, incidence of vector borne disease outbreaks. The existence of resistance to tick attachment has important implications for the host-parasite relationship. The research lends support to the hypothesis that the resistance may function as a homeostatic regulatory mechanism capable of maintaining the size of the tick population in equilibrium with the size of the rabbit population. In this way, host resistance may be advantageous to the parasite as well as to the host.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Rallinyssus sorae sp. n. (Acari: Dermanyssidae: rhinonyssinae) from the nasal passages of the sora, Porzana carolina (Aves: Rallidae).

Rallinyssus sorae sp. n. is described from the nasal turbinates of the sora, Porzana carolina, collected in Maryland and Ohio. The new species is most similar to Rallinyssus verheyeni Fain but differs in number of setae on the female ventral opisthosoma, structure of the fixed and movable digits of the male and female chelicerae, chaetotaxy of legs I to IV, and presence of a sternal plate in the male. The taxonomy and host-parasite relationships of the various species of Rallinyssus are discussed.

Animals↗