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At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Myoplasty in total prosthesis of the hip joint].

When the hip joint is replaced by an artificial one, not infrequently a cavity is formed round the neck of the endoprosthesis which is impossible to be covered with local tissues. It is possible to eliminate such a cavity and prevent the formation of a hematoma by myoplasty. Taking into consideration the peculiarities of vascularization and topography of the muscles situated near the hip joint, several versions of myoplasty of the cavity have been worked out which are used in accordance with its size and localization in relation to the neck of endoprosthesis. Evacuation of the hematoma took place in 3 cases of the total number of 97 operations employing myoplasty, while it was performed in 13 cases of 190 operations without myoplasty. Therefore myoplasty involving musculus gluteus minimus, musculus gluteus medius, musculus rectus femoris and musculus vastus externus, with regard to the size and the localization of the cavity is reliable means of preventing hematoma in case of cavity formation near the neck of the endoprosthesis after the implantation of an artificial hip joint.

Hematoma↗
PubMed1982

Ultrastructure of the articular cartilage and synovium in the early stages of degenerative joint disease in canine hip joints.

A combined light and electron microscopic study recorded the developing degenerative changes in the hip joints of dogs with spontaneous joint disease. Synovium from joints with normal articular cartilage contained 33% type A and 64% type B cells. The 1st evidence of articular cartilage degeneration was loss of the surface amorphous layer and disruption of collagen fibrils. In the face of the earliest focal cartilage defects, the number of type A cells decreased (P less than 0.01) and remained low. Necrotic synoviocytes and synoviocytes of uncertain type increased as articular cartilage lesions progressed. The earliest pathologic changes in the synovium and the articular cartilage surface were evident only on ultrastructural examination.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

New joints for the Millennium: wear control in total replacement hip joints.

Hip joint replacement is described as the greatest achievement in orthopaedic surgery in the twentieth century. The field has been dominated for some forty years by implants based upon metallic femoral heads and stems and polymeric acetabular cups. At the dawn of the new Millennium, many alternative materials and designs are now being proposed or evaluated. The reasons for these developments and the current contributions of engineering science and tribology to advances in hip replacement are discussed. Illustrations are presented of the significant changes being proposed or introduced. While the new designs of total hip replacements offer exciting engineering contributions to the future of joint replacement, the long-term benefits to patients will depend upon the biological response to the new devices.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed2005

Outcome of pelvic support osteotomy with the Ilizarov method in the treatment of the unstable hip joint.

Instability of the hip joint in the young adult is a difficult problem. Patients with an unstable hip secondary to any aetiology usually have loss of bone from the proximal femur or shortening of the limb or both. In this study we report our results in the treatment of the unstable hip joint in young adults by pelvic support osteotomy using the Ilizarov method. From 1997 to 2004, 25 patients (17 females and 8 males) with an unstable hip joint were treated in the Orthopaedic department of Mansoura University Hospital, Egypt. Their mean age was 22.4 years (range: 19 to 35). The main complaints were pain, leg length discrepancy, limping, and limited abduction of the hip. All patients underwent valgus extension osteotomy in the proximal femur and distal femoral osteotomy for lengthening. The average follow-up ranged from 2 to 7 years. All hips were pain free at follow-up. The Trendelenburg sign became negative in 20 patients. There was no limb length discrepancy and alignments of the extremity were re-established. Five patients had a lurch gait. Valgus extension osteotomy has provided stability of the hip joint and maintained some motion of the hip joint. By using the Ilizarov technique, we could prevent the valgus effects created by the valgus extension osteotomy while achieving lengthening of the femur through the distal osteotomy in the femur.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Tests on hypotheses about osteoarthritis and hip joints.

Hypotheses suggesting that hip joints which develop osteoarthritis are congruent, have a single area of peak pressure, and have peak pressure which exceeds normal values were tested. Of 100 hip joints examined on necropsy; two showed an early stage of osteoarthritis and the geometry and pressure distribution under load were assessed in these joints. One joint was congruent, in agreement with the hypotheses, but the other was incongruent. In both joints there were several areas of high pressure, the number and location of which depended on the orientation of the joint. The measured values of pressure in the congruent joint exceeded values found previously in normal hip joints. In the incongruent hip joint the peak pressures were within normal limits.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Hip joint contact forces in normal subjects and subjects with total hip prostheses: walking and stair and ramp negotiation.

OBJECTIVE: To calculate the hip joint contact force in normal subjects and subjects with total hip replacements. DESIGN: An observational study of age matched normal subjects and subjects with hip joint replacements. BACKGROUND: Hip joint contact forces have been calculated using musculo-skeletal models and measured in vivo using instrumented hip prostheses. There are few examples of studies performed on subjects in the 40-60 year age range. This study characterises the forces in both normal subjects and subjects with hip joint replacements for these 'young' subjects. METHODS: Motion analysis and force plate data were used as input to a three-dimensional model of the leg. Five male and six female normal subjects and five male subjects with hip prostheses were studied. Each subject was observed walking and negotiating stairs and a ramp. RESULTS: Hip joint contact forces in both thigh and pelvic-based co-ordinate systems are presented. Subjects cadence, speed and stride length are given. CONCLUSIONS: In general subjects with hip replacements exhibited lower hip joint contact forces than age matched normal subjects. It is suggested that this was the results of the lower speeds, stride lengths and cadences adopted by the subjects with hip replacements. RELEVANCE: The characterisation of hip joint contact forces provides essential information for prosthetic joint design and testing. The comparison of hip joint contact forces in normal subjects with those in subjects with prosthetic joints provides evidence of, not only actual use of joints, but also of possible levels of force that might be applied to hip prostheses if subjects returned to normal use.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Proteoglycan alterations during developing experimental osteoarthritis in a novel hip joint model.

Degenerative hip joint disease was induced in dogs by extra-articular surgery that created a condition that mimics hip dysplasia. Decreased acetabular coverage of the femoral head gave altered mechanical load, with ensuing cartilage degeneration. For comparison, degenerative knee joint disease was induced in other dogs by transection of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee. The femoral head articular cartilage showed macroscopic signs of degeneration within a month. No macroscopical changes of synovitis were present. Chemical analysis of cartilage samples showed loss of proteoglycans. Guanidine hydrochloride extracts of the cartilage contained proteoglycan fragments that could be separated by equilibrium density gradient centrifugation in cesium chloride. The data indicate that proteoglycans are fragmented by proteolytic cleavage and lost from the cartilage. The proteoglycans remaining in the tissue are smaller and have lost the ability to aggregate with hyaluronic acid. Similarly, in experimental knee joint osteoarthritis, the proteoglycan content of the cartilage decreased. The structural changes of those proteoglycans remaining were of a different nature, with no changes in proteoglycan size or aggregation properties, possibly indicating that both degradation and repair took place in the knee articular cartilage and/or that fragments were rapidly lost from the tissue. This may follow from different surgical procedures, only the one used for the hip joint being extra-articular, or from the different anatomy and physiology of the hip joint and the knee joint.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Sonography for hip joint effusion in adults with hip pain.

OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence of ultrasonic hip joint effusion and its relation with clinical, radiological and laboratory (ESR) findings in adults with hip pain. METHODS: Patients (n = 224) aged 50 years or older with hip pain, referred by the general practitioner for radiological investigation, underwent a standardised examination. The distance between the ventral capsule and the femoral neck, an increase in which represents joint effusion, was measured sonographically. Joint effusion was defined in three different ways: "effusion" according to Koski's definition, "major effusion", and "asymmetrical effusion" based on only individual side differences. RESULTS: "Effusion" was present in 80 (38%), "major effusion" in 20 (9%), and "asymmetrical effusion" in 47 (22%) patients. Pain in the groin or medial thigh, pain aggravated by lying on the side, decreased extension/internal rotation/abduction/flexion, painful external rotation, and pain on palpation in the groin showed a significant relation (adjusted for age and radiological osteoarthritis of the hip) with ultrasonic hip joint effusion. "Major effusion" showed a significant relation with an increased ESR. When patients with bilateral pain and increased ESR were excluded, a side difference in the range of motion of extension of the hip was shown to be a good predictor for "asymmetrical effusion" (positive predictive value: 71%, negative predictive value: 80%). CONCLUSION: This study showed a relatively high prevalence of ultrasonic joint effusion in adults with hip pain in general practice. Furthermore the results indicate a relation between joint effusion and clinical signs.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Assessment of the functional method of hip joint center location subject to reduced range of hip motion.

Motion analysis of the lower extremities usually requires determination of the location of the hip joint center. The results of several recent studies have suggested that kinematic and kinetic variables calculated from motion analysis data are highly sensitive to errors in hip joint center location. "Functional" methods in which the location of the hip joint center is determined from the relative motion of the thigh and pelvis, rather than from the locations of bony landmarks, are promising but may be ineffective when motion is limited. The aims of the present study were to determine whether the accuracy of the functional method is compromised in young and elderly subjects when limitations on hip motion are imposed and to investigate the possibility of locating the hip joint center using data collected during commonly studied motions (walking, sit-to-stand, stair ascent, stair descent) rather than using data from an ad hoc trial in which varied hip motions are performed. The results of the study suggested that functional methods would result in worst-case hip joint center location errors of 26mm (comparable to the average errors previously reported for joint center location based on bony landmarks) when available hip motion is substantially limited. Much larger errors ( approximately 70mm worst-case), however, resulted when hip joint centers were located from data collected during commonly performed motions, perhaps because these motions are, for the most part, restricted to the sagittal plane. It appears that the functional method can be successfully implemented when range of motion is limited but still requires collection of a special motion trial in which hip motion in both the sagittal and frontal planes is recorded.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Real-time sonography of the infant hip joint in the early diagnosis of congenital hip dysplasia].

The ultrasonic examination of infant hip joint means a great advantage in early diagnosis of congenital hip dysplasia. The sonographic type classification by Graf enables the experienced examiner to make up a differentiated diagnostic-therapeutic concept as early as possible. Therapeutic omissions just as well as exaggerated therapeutic measures can be avoided. Consequently the prognosis of hip joint dysplasia is considerably improved by ultrasonic examination of new-born hip joints.

Diagnosis, Differential↗