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At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Plasmodium gallinaceum: sporozoite invasion of Aedes aegypti salivary glands is inhibited by anti-gland antibodies and by lectins.

There is evidence which suggests that malaria sporozoites recognize mosquito salivary glands by specific receptor-ligand interactions. We are interested in identifying the putative salivary gland receptor(s) for sporozoite invasion. We used an in vivo bioassay for sporozoite invasion of salivary glands. In this assay, purified sporozoites from mature oocytes of Plasmodium gallinaceum were injected into Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and salivary glands were dissected at different time points after injection. One half of the maximum invasion of salivary glands by sporozoites occurred by 6 hr, and salivary gland sporozoite load did not increase further after 24 hr postinjection. This assay was used to determine the effect of experimental treatments with antibodies and lectins at 24 hr postinjection. We raised a rabbit polyclonal antiserum against female Ae. aegypti salivary glands which recognized tissue-specific determinants in the basal lamina of salivary glands. Purified IgG antibody fraction of the immune serum blocked sporozoite invasion in vivo. We tested a panel of 19 lectins and found 7 which bound to salivary glands. Of these 7, succinylated wheat germ agglutinin and wheat germ agglutinin completely blocked sporozoite invasion; Pisum sativum agglutinin and soybean agglutinin partially blocked; and concanavalin A, Dolichos biflorus agglutinin, and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin did not block. Our results suggest that sporozoites interact with glycosylated salivary gland surface molecules which serve as receptors for invasion, and which may be in the salivary gland basal lamina. Because the putative sporozoite receptors contain immunogenic determinants, it is feasible to identify them by an immunological strategy.

Aedes↗
PubMed2006

The effect of MR contrast medium dose on pituitary gland enhancement, microlesion enhancement and pituitary gland-to-lesion contrast conspicuity.

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to compare the differences in gland enhancement, microlesion enhancement and gland-lesion contrast ratio in patient groups in which half-dose (HD), standard-dose (SD) and double-dose (DD) contrast medium was used in pituitary MR imaging. METHODS: Pituitary gland enhancement and microlesion enhancement were measured and gland-lesion contrast ratios were calculated in 18 patients receiving HD (0.05 mmol/kg), 9 receiving SD (0.1 mmol/kg) and 13 receiving DD (0.2 mmol/kg) contrast medium. Gland enhancement and microlesion enhancement over baseline were determined employing DICOM region of interest measurements and compared after normalization to temporal lobe white matter. Contrast ratios and differences were also calculated and compared. RESULTS: Gland enhancement and lesion enhancement were greater with larger contrast medium doses (gland: HD 50%, SD 99%, DD 132%; microlesion: HD 19%, SD 54%, DD 86%). The gland-lesion contrast ratios were similar with the three doses (25.6%), reflecting expected similar fractional contrast medium distributions in spite of different doses. The signal difference between gland and microlesion, therefore, was a fixed percentage of gland enhancement (DeltaS approximately 26%) with greater signal differences with larger contrast medium doses. CONCLUSION: Greater gland-to-lesion signal differences with larger contrast medium doses would likely improve pituitary microlesion visualization and margin characterization aiding in microlesion detection as well as preoperative planning.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Thyroid gland and parathyroid gland changes in ultrasound (real time B image)].

Using a high-resolution real-time B-imager, examinations of the thyroid and parathyroid glands of 112 patients revealed small focal lesions (more than 3 mm diameter: thyroid gland, parathyroid gland) as well as diffuse alterations (thyroid gland). The following focal lesions were found: Adenomas of the parathyroid gland (n = 9), haemangiomas of thyroid gland (n = 3), adenomas of thyroid gland (n = 2), metastases into the thyroid gland (n = 7), primary cancer of the thyroid gland or its recurrence (n = 3) and metastases of different cancers in soft tissue of the neck regions (n = 8). A struma nodosa was diagnosed in 15 patients. With regard to diffuse alterations of the thyroid gland, atrophies (n = 6), aplasieas of 1 lobe (n = 2), thyreoiditides (n = 3), and struma diffuse (n = 5). In 49 of 52 cases morphological alterations of the thyroid gland could be excluded, while for the other 3 patients, who had been operated on in the region of the neck, no final evaluation was possible. On comparing these findings with the results of computed tomography and scintigraphy, ultrasound as a screening method showed the highest sensitivity while its specificity could be enlarged by considering the results of scintigraphy. Decision by ultrasound only as to whether a focal lesion was benign or malignant was only possible under certain circumstances. However, a histological diagnosis could not be made by ultrasound.

Adenoma↗
PubMed2005

Morphological and distribution characteristics of sweat glands in hypertrophic scar and their possible effects on sweat gland regeneration.

BACKGROUND: In hypertrophic scar tissue, no sweet gland and hair follicle exist usually because of the dermal and epidermal damage in extensive thermal skin injury, thus imparing regulation of body temperature. This study was designed to reveal the morphological and distributional characteristics of the sweat glands in normal skin and hypertrophic scar obtained from children and adults, and to study the possible interfering effects of the scar on regeneration of the sweat gland after burn injury. METHODS: Biopsies of hypertrophic scar were taken from four children (4 - 10 years) and four adults (35 - 51 years). Normal, uninjured full-thickness skin adjacent to the scar of each patient was used as control. Keratin 19 (K19) was used as the marker for epidermal stem cells and secretory portion of the sweat glands, and keratin 14 (K14) for the tube portion, respectively. Immunohistochemical and histological evaluations were performed. RESULTS: Histological and immunohistochemical staining of skin tissue sections from both the children and adults showed K19 positive cells in the basement membrane of epidermis of normal skin. These cells were seen only single layer and arranged regularly. The secretory or duct portion of the eccrine sweat glands was situated in the dermis and epidermal layer. However, in the scar tissue, K19 positive cells were scant in the basal layer, and the anatomic location of the secretory portion of sweat glands changed. They were located between the border of the scar and reticular layer of the dermis. These secretory portions of sweat glands were expanded and were organized irregularly. But a few K14 positive cells were scattered in the scar tissues in cyclic form. CONCLUSIONS: There are some residual sweat glands in scar tissues, in which the regeneration process of active sweat glands is present. Possibly the sweat glands could regenerate from adult epidermal stem cells or residual sweat glands in the wound bed after burn injury.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

An immunohistochemical and histological study of the influence of the thyroid gland on epidermal growth factor-containing cells in the submandibular salivary glands of mice.

Whilst the content of epidermal growth factor in the submandibular salivary glands has been considered to be controlled primarily by the hormonal secretions of the testes, our previous studies indicated that the adrenal glands also affect the cellular content of epidermal growth factor in these glands. In the present study, the influence of the thyroid gland was investigated. One hundred and ten males Swiss White mice were subjected to orchidectomy and/or bilateral adrenalectomy, or thyroidectomy, and their submandibular salivary glands examined at 90 days of age. Some of these received specific hormone replacement prior to examination of the glands. The presence of epidermal growth factor was detected by indirect immunofluorescence, and adjacent sections of tissue were stained with alcian blue and acid fuchsin to demonstrate the convoluted granular tubules, which are the site of storage of the factor in the glands. In the glands of normal males, these tubules were prominent and showed strong factor-positive immunofluorescence. Administration of thyroxine reversed orchidectomy-induced atrophy of the tubules, and restored factor content, but did not restore normal tubular morphology or factor content in orchidectomised-adrenalectomised animals. In these latter animals, combined administration of thyroxine and cortisone resulted in a return to normal structure and growth factor content in the cells of the convoluted granular tubules. The glands from thyroidectomised males had atrophied tubules, which did not contain demonstrable epidermal growth factor. These effects were reversed by the administration of thyroxine, testosterone, thyroxine and testosterone, or thyroxine and cortisone. The results show that the content of epidermal growth factor-positive cells in the convoluted granular tubules of the submandibular salivary glands of male mice is under the control of the thyroid as well as the testes and adrenal glands.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1999

Secretion from minor salivary glands following ablation of the major salivary glands in rats.

Since minor salivary glands are tiny and dispersed, ductal cannulation cannot be used when studying their function. The present study was devised to develop a method of measuring minor salivary gland function by excision of the major glands. Female rats (230-280 g) were anaesthetized with sodium pentobarbital. Ablation of the submandibular, sublingual and parotid glands was performed through a sagittal neck incision. Sham-operated rats served as controls. Groups of sialadenectomized animals were investigated immediately and after 1 week, 2 weeks and 3 months. To study secretory function, the mouth was rinsed with 250 microl water in every 5 min and protein and amylase concentrations were measured. After an initial 50 min of basal secretion pilocarpine (1 mg/kg, i.p.) was given. Bilateral ablation of both submandibular, sublingual and parotid glands led to a moderate loss of body weight and a considerable increase in water intake. No other obvious abnormality was observed for periods up to 90 days following surgery. We deduce that the minor glands secrete approximately 14 % of protein and 1% of amylase in whole saliva Secretion is maintained even after 90 days following removal of the major glands. Surgical removal of the major salivary glands allows the secretory function of the minor glands in rats to be studied in vivo.

Amylases↗
PubMed1990

A review of the proliferative capacity of major salivary glands and the relationship to current concepts of neoplasia in salivary glands.

The classification of salivary gland tumors relies heavily on histogenetic postulates. One of these, the semipluripotential reserve cell theory, suggests that certain reserve cells in specific segments of the duct system of major and minor salivary glands are critical to the development of neoplasms in these glands. However, direct evidence in support of this hypothesis is unavailable. This survey of proliferative capacity in normal salivary gland is based on a review of data in the literature, our observations of DNA synthetic and mitotic activity in developing rat and human salivary gland, and autoradiographic studies of induced cell proliferation in rat salivary gland. Autoradiography of neonatal rat salivary gland after tritiated thymidine administration, and electron microscopy of these tissues, reveals that as well as duct basal cells, luminal cells at all levels of the duct system and even acinar cells are capable of DNA synthesis and mitosis. Indeed, in such studies, more luminal than basal cells are seen in mitosis. In adult rat salivary gland induced to undergo hyperplasia, more acinar cells than intercalated duct cells are in the S phase of the cell cycle. However, cycling cells were observed even in striated ducts and, importantly, both basal and luminal cells of major interlobular excretory ducts are also labeled. Similar findings are present in fetal and adult human salivary glands. From such observations, it is evident that dividing cells are not limited to basal cells of excretory ducts and luminal cells of intercalated ducts, so that there is no support for the semipluripotential bicellular reserve cell hypothesis. However, there is considerable evidence for a multicellular theory of tumor histogenesis; that is, any of the multiplicity of cell types in normal salivary gland have the potential to give use to any of the various types of tumor occurring in this organ.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

The pathobiology of salivary gland. III. PCNA-localization of cycling cells induced in rat submandibular gland by low-dose x-radiation.

Application of ionizing radiation to adult rat major salivary glands tested tenets of the bicellular reserve cell hypothesis for the induction of salivary gland tumors, namely, that stem cells preferentially located to luminal cells of the intercalated duct and basal cells of the excretory duct in normal salivary glands. The effect of a single, low dose (3000 cGy) of x-radiation administered to the parotid and submandibular glands was followed with the use of immunocytochemistry and an antibody to the cell cycle-related protein proliferating cell nuclear antigen to detect the kinetics and localization of cycling cells up to 15 days postirradiation. Maximal responses occurred in acinar cells (12.6-fold increase) of submandibular glands on day 7 postirradiation. Similar but less dramatic concurrent increases in proliferating cells were evident in intercalated (3.4-fold) and striated (2.2-fold) duct cells, but little response was seen in basal or luminal cells of submandibular gland excretory ducts. A limited but maximal proliferative response again occurred on day 7 in the parotid gland. Neither in the steady state nor irradiated submandibular gland was there evidence of specific stem ("reserve") cells associated with the intercalated or excretory ducts. It appears unnecessary to invoke stem cells in a model of cellular proliferation in salivary glands. Therefore current concepts of salivary gland tumorigenesis require modification because all cell types, including acinar cells, are at risk in the carcinogenic process.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Increase in mast cells and hyaluronic acid correlates to radiation-induced damage and loss of serous acinar cells in salivary glands: the parotid and submandibular glands differ in radiation sensitivity.

The detailed mechanisms which can explain the inherent radiosensitivity of salivary glands remain to be elucidated. Although DNA is the most plausible critical target for the lethal effects of irradiation, interactions with other constituents, such as cell membrane and neuropeptides, have been suggested to cause important physiological changes. Moreover, mast cells seem to be closely linked to radiation-induced pneumonitis. Therefore, in the present study the effects of fractionated irradiation on salivary glands have been assessed with special regard to the appearance of mast cells and its correlation with damage to gland parenchyma. Sprague-Dawley strain rats were unilaterally irradiated to the head and neck with the salivary glands within the radiation field. The irradiation was delivered once daily for 5 days to a total dose of 20, 35 and 45 Gy. The contralateral parotid and submandibular glands served as intra-animal controls and parallel analysis of glands was performed 2, 4, 10 or 180 days following the last radiation treatment. Morphological analysis revealed no obvious changes up to 10 days after the irradiation. At 180 days a radiation dose-dependent loss of gland parenchyma was seen, especially with regard to serious acinar cells in parotid gland and acinar cells and serous CGT (convoluted granular tubule) cells in the submandibular gland. These changes displayed a close correlation with a concomitant dose-dependent enhanced density of mast cells and staining for hyaluronic acid. This cell population seems to conform with the features of the connective tissue mast cell type. The parotid seems to be more sensitive to irradiation than the submandibular gland. Thus, the present results further strengthen the role of and the potential interaction of mast cells with radiation-induced tissue injury and alterations in normal tissue integrity.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Studies on the presence of vasopressin, oxytocin and vasotocin in the pineal gland, subcommissural organ and fetal pituitary gland: failure to demonstrate vasotocin in mammals.

The demonstration of vasotocin in the mammalian pineal gland, subcommissural organ and fetal pituitary gland by bioassay has led to hypotheses regarding the function of this hormone in various reproductive processes. Preliminary examinations of the pineal gland and subcommissural organ with a specific radioimmunoassay failed to show vasotocin immunoreactivity. The presence of vasotocin, vasopressin and oxytocin in the pineal gland, subcommissural organ and fetal neurohypophysis was therefore investigated, using three specific radioimmunoassays. Frog and chicken pituitary glands were used to validate the vasotocin radioimmunoassay. Direct measurements in diluted homogenates of pituitary glands from frogs, chickens, mid-term fetal sheep and near-term fetal seals revealed the presence of vasotocin only in the frog and chicken pituitary glands, while vasopressin and oxytocin were found in the two fetal pituitary homogenates. Vasopressin and ocytocin were measured in homogenates of rat and bovine pineal glands and in preparations of the subcommissural organ of rats and rabbits after extraction with Vycor glass powder, but no specific vasotocin immunoreactivity was observed. These results indicate a discrepancy between the reported biological activity of vasotocin in the pineal gland, subcommissural organ and fetal pituitary gland and the immunoreactivity of this material, which can at present only be explained by the presence of a peptide which is structurally closely related to, but not identical with, vasotocin.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Microdissection study of the incidence of branched eccrine sweat glands and the number of eccrine glands per unit area of infants' and childrens' skin.

That branched eccrine sweat glands occur has rarely been mentioned in the literature, and their incidence has never been determined. All eccrine glands in 0.5-cm2 pieces of anterior trunk skin of 59 children were microdissected, and the total number of glands and the number of branched eccrine glands determined. One-hundred fourteen of 17,539 (0.65%) were branched, 90% in the middermis and 10% at the epidermis. The apparently normal anatomic property that almost 1% of eccrine sweat glands are branched has not hitherto been appreciated. One doubly branched gland was found. Patients with leukemia (11 in the study) possibly had more branched glands than nonleukemic patients of the same body size. The best statistical relation of the number of sweat glands per unit area of skin (GUA) to surface area (SA) or age in children was the natural logarithm of GUA versus the reciprocal of surface area: LnGUA = (0.2205 X 1/SA) + 5.42. This result is consistent with the classical proposition that there is no important degree of formation of new eccrine glands, nor of loss, after birth, the density of glands per unit area of skin reducing as SA rises with growth during childhood.

Child↗
PubMed1989

[Effects of mastication and submandibular gland ectomy on the growth ability of isoproterenol-stimulated parotid gland and other tissues in male mice].

In a previous article we reported that mastication played an important role in the development of submandibular glands in male mice. Submandibular glands contain epidermal growth factor (EGF) which stimulates the proliferation of various cells in developing animals. In this study, the effects of the hypotrophy of submandibular glands caused by reduction of mastication and the removal of the glands on the growth ability of isoproterenol (IPR)-stimulated parotid glands and other tissues were investigated. The animals in the experiment were male mice and they divided into three groups, a control group fed a solid diet, a group fed a paste diet and a group with removed submandibular glands fed a solid diet. In comparison with the group fed a solid diet, in the group fed a paste diet a small decrease was found, and in the group with the ectomized submandibular gland a significant decrease in the rise of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity, S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC) activity and DNA synthesis of parotid glands caused by IPR stimulation were found. The DNA synthesis of the heart tissue of mice with ectomized submandibular glands was lower than that of the control group, but in liver, lung, stomach and testis tissue no decrease of DNA synthesis was found. These results suggest that mastication and the submandibular glands have an effect of the growth of the tissues in male mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Rate of protein synthesis in rat salivary gland cells after pilocarpine or feeding. I. Rate of (glyco) protein secretion from cells of mixed salivary glands.

In untreated, fasting animals the cells of the serous demilunes of the sublingual gland incorporate [3H]-leucine at a higher rate than any other of the 5 main cell types of the 3 major salivary glands. The acinar cells of the submandibular and the mucous cells of the sublingual gland show intermediate values, while the cells of the granular ducts of the submandibular and the acini of the parotid gland have a low rate of incorporation. In fasting animals extrusion of newly synthesized protein starts early in the cells of the serous demilunes. It starts between 4 and 7 hrs after [3H]-leucine injection in the acinar cells of the submandibular gland, while the other cell types did not lose substantial amounts of labelled (glyco)protein within 7 hrs. The secretion of protein is stimulated by the cholinergic drug pilocarpine in all but one of the 5 types of salivary gland cells studied. The acinar cells of the submandibular gland react strongly, the granular duct cells less strongly. Still less are the reactions of the acinar cells of the parotid and of the nucous cells of the sublingual gland. The cells of the serous demilunes of the latter appear to be insensible to pilocarpine. The effect of food uptake on secretion does not differ from pilocarpine stimulation, with one exception: the acinar cells of the parotid gland react more strongly on food uptake than on cholenergic stimulation.

Amylases↗
PubMed2002

Immunohistochemical localization of chromogranin a in the acinar cells of equine salivary glands contrasts with rodent glands.

We investigated the existence of chromogranin A (CgA) in salivary glands of the horse by Western blotting and enzyme immunoassay (EIA) using an antiserum against a peptide sequence of equine CgA. We also compared its cellular distribution between the horse and rat salivary glands with a tyramide signal amplification immunofluorescence technique. Western blotting gave three significant immunoreactive bands (74, 56 and 48 kDa) in adrenal medulla and three major salivary glands of horses. Immunoreactivities for CgA measured by EIA in horses were 154.05 +/- 41.46, 20.32 +/- 5.59 and 4.43 +/- 2.23 pmol/g wet weight in the parotid gland, submandibular gland and sublingual gland, respectively, and 1.03 +/- 0.407 pmol/mg protein in the saliva. Immunohistochemically, the positive reactivity was mainly recognized at acinar cells in equine salivary glands. This exhibits a contrast to the finding in the rat salivary glands that the CgA immunoreactivity is localized at the duct cells of the submandibular gland. These results provide novel evidence that in the horse, CgA is stored in the acinar cells of salivary glands, and secreted into saliva.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

2-methoxyestradiol induces mammary gland differentiation through amphiregulin-epithelial growth factor receptor-mediated signaling: molecular distinctions from the mammary gland of pregnant mice.

Levels of 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME(2)), an endogenous metabolite of estradiol, are highly elevated during late stages of pregnancy when mammary glands have differentiated with the formation of alveolar structures producing milk proteins. Based upon our previous demonstration that 2ME(2) induces mammary ductal dilation associated with expression of mammary differentiation markers when administered to transgenic mice that spontaneously develop mammary cancer, we studied the effects of 2ME(2) on normal mammary gland development. The results of this study demonstrate that 2ME(2) can induce a partial differentiation of normal mammary glands in virgin mice, as evidenced by the appearance of limited numbers of alveolar cells and significantly increased expression of the differentiation markers beta-casein and whey acidic protein. 2ME(2)-induced differentiation is associated with inhibition of expression of inhibitor of differentiation 1 (Id-1) in normal mammary epithelial cells through elements in the 5'-flanking region of the Id-1 gene. Microarray analysis revealed that 2ME(2)-induced differentiation of the mammary gland shares some significant similarities in gene expression with that of mammary glands from late-stage pregnancy, including elevated expression of many milk protein differentiation markers. However, several genes are differentially regulated between 2ME(2)-treated mammary glands and differentiated mammary glands through pregnancy. Significantly, amphiregulin, ATF3, serpine2, and SOX6 were up-regulated in 2ME(2)-treated mammary glands but not in mammary glands from pregnant mice. Using the SCp2 differentiation cell line system, we demonstrate that 2ME(2) induces differentiation through the down-regulation of Id-1 and up-regulation of amphiregulin. Administration of amphiregulin to SCp2 cells induced differentiation, whereas inhibition of 2ME(2)-induced expression of amphiregulin by small interfering RNA blocked differentiation. Estrogen receptor-negative SCp2 cells differentiate in response to 2ME(2), but not estradiol, suggesting that 2ME(2) operates through an estrogen receptor-independent mechanism. These data demonstrate that 2ME(2) can induce a partial differentiation of the mammary gland through mechanisms that differ from those normally used during pregnancy.

2-Methoxyestradiol↗
PubMed2006

[Effect of single dose irradiation to parotid gland on the structured and function changes of bilateral parotid glands in miniature pig].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of a solitary megadose protocol of ionizing radiation (IR) to parotid gland on the structured and function changes of bilateral parotid glands in miniature pig. METHODS: Fourteen minipigs were subjected to either 15 or 20 Gy to one parotid gland with a linear accelerator, while another four minipigs served as non-IR controls. Salivary flow rates and salivary chemistries were measured pre-IR, and 4 and 16 weeks post-IR. A quantitative assessment of gland weight and acinar area, and detailed serum chemistry and hematological analyses, were also performed. RESULTS: Parotid gland weights were significantly decreased in the 15 and 20 Gy groups at 4 and 16 weeks post-IR. The acinar cell area in glands of both IR groups was significantly reduced. Parotid flow rates decreased by 60% with 15 Gy at 16 weeks post-IR. In the 20 Gy group, salivary flow rates were reduced by 80% at 16 weeks post-IR. Additionally, parotid flow rates significantly reduced in contralateral glands with 20 Gy at 16 weeks, while structure and weight did not changes in parotid glands. CONCLUSION: Structural changes in salivary gland parenchyma occurred relatively early after IR, while the alterations in salivary output were relatively delayed. Further, reductions in salivary flow were not proportional to acinar cell area loss. There isn't a significant structured change of contralateral glands, but significant reduction of parotid flow rate at this time.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Effects of isoproterenol on mammary gland tumors induced by N-nitroso-N-methylurea and salivary gland tumors induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene.

The effect of isoproterenol (IPR) (20 mg/kg, twice per wk) on mammary gland tumors induced by N-nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU) (40 or 77 mg/kg, iv) was studied. Within 18 weeks 50--60% of the noninbred female Sprague-Dawley rats that received a single injection of NMU developed carcinomas of the mammary gland. In addition, a malignant lymphoma was observed. There was no change in the incidence of tumors if NMU was administered at the time that DNA synthesis was stimulated in the submandibular glands by two injections of IPR (160 mg/kg, ip) given 24 hours apart. Tumors of unequivocal salivary gland origin were not observed, irrespective of whether NMU was given at the peak of stimulated DNA synthesis or without pretreatment with IPR. However, in 10% of the tumor-bearing rats, tumors were found in the neck region. These tumors could be separated from the salivary glands by dissection and were of mammary gland origin. Chronic treatment with IPR caused marked enlargements of the parotid and submandibular glands with hypertrophy of the acinar cells and degeneration of the duct system. Such a treatment caused a high death rate but no change in the incidence of the tumors. The effect of chronic IPR treatment (10 mg/kg twice per wk or 5 mg/kg three times per wk) on submandibular gland tumors induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) was also studied. With the intraglandular injection of 100 or 200 micrograms of DMBA, the incidences of squamous cell carcinomas in the glands were 6.8 and 38.6%, respectively. Chronic administration of IPR after the instillation of DMBA caused a high death rate but no statistically significant change in the incidence of salivary gland tumors.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1976

[Reactions of the rat submandibular salivary gland to injury of the contralateral gland].

After burn or resection of one submandibular salivary gland the contralateral gland responded by an increase of proliferation. The maximal mitotic index was observed 48 hours after the resection and 72 hours after the burn. Burn of the salivary gland initiated a stable, but weak compensatory hypertrophy of the contralateral gland. Hypertrophy of the gland was accompanied by an increase in the size of the cells and the nuclei whose area enlarged by 10 and 17%, respectively. Resection of the salivary gland caused an increase in the weight of the intact contralateral gland only at the early periods of the experiment. By the 30th and the 45th day after the operation the weight of the intact contralateral gland failed to differ from control. The detected differences in the compensatory growth of the intact glands in two types of action on the contralateral salivary gland depended on the quantity of the tissue degeneration products and on the period of their stay in the organism.

Animals↗