Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Financing, Personal”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

The measurement of expenditures for outpatient physician and dental services: methodological findings from the health insurance study.

Survey data measuring outpatient health expenditure are evaluated for item nonresponse, measurement error, and bias. Item nonresponse is high for persons whose health care is financed through the public sector, but is otherwise manageable. Estimates of mean total and out-of-pocket physician and dental expenditure from two surveys using indirect methods (including the Health Insurance Study) are compared with nonsurvey estimates. Out-of-pocket physician expenditure is overestimated, but the other measures appear unbiased. Estimates using direct, self-administrated methods appear biased upward. We demonstrate that commonly used record check methods for evaluating survey data will make random error appear as bias, and a methodology we develop shows substantial random error in the measurement of dental expenditure: 44 per cent of the total variance in survey data and 39 per cent of the variance in records.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1998

Cost and financing of care for persons with HIV disease: an overview.

This article explores the impact of new combination drug therapies on the cost and financing of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease. Evidence indicates that the proportion of costs attributable to drugs has increased significantly since the diffusion of new combination drug therapies, and that the proportion of costs attributable to hospital inpatient care has decreased. The absence of timely data is the major difficulty in analyzing the impact of recent changes. Only two studies have examined costs since the diffusion of new combination drug therapies, and there are no recent studies of the insurance status of persons with HIV disease.

Anti-HIV Agents↗
PubMed1993

Preventing medical injury.

Although adverse events (AEs) are not uncommon in hospitalized patients, they are by no means inevitable. A review of records from a population-based study in New York revealed that nearly 4% of hospitalized patients suffered AEs. Two-thirds of those events were considered to be caused by errors in management, most of which were not because of negligence. A large part of the reason preventable AEs occur is that today's medical care is extremely complex, involving a variety of personnel, equipment, and procedures. By seeking to eliminate errors in the system of providing care and raising the awareness of health care providers about the potential for AEs, programs can be established to address and possibly remedy this serious problem.

Accident Prevention↗
PubMed1993

Catastrophic acute and long-term care costs: risks faced by disabled elderly persons.

This article presents an empirical analysis of the extent to which acute and long-term care cause disabled elderly persons to incur catastrophic costs. We found that the proportion of those people whose out-of-pocket costs exceed 20% of income rises from 20% (when only acute care costs are measured) to 30% (when long-term care costs are included).

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Medicare HMO withdrawals: what happens to beneficiaries?

More than 400,000 Medicare beneficiaries had to seek other insurance arrangements when their health maintenance organization (HMO) withdrew from Medicare at the end of 1998. According to a new survey of 1,830 involuntarily disenrolled Medicare beneficiaries, two-thirds subsequently enrolled in another Medicare HMO; one-third experienced a decline in benefits, and 39 percent reported higher monthly premiums. One in seven lost prescription drug coverage; about one in five had to switch to a new primary care doctor or specialist. Those with traditional Medicare by itself or with Medigap, the disabled under age sixty-five, the oldest old, and the near-poor experienced the greatest hardship after their HMO withdrew.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

The management of persistent pain.

Persistent pain is a complex mix of physical and psychological symptoms and is ideally managed by a biopsychosocial approach. Often the relative contributions of family and personal relationships, finances, work, past pain experiences and personality outweigh those of the nociceptive or neuropathic processes from which most pain originates. Recent advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of pain may lead to improved drug treatments; however, non-drug treatments--education, lifestyle modification, exercise and reassurance--should be used routinely to improve patients' quality of life. Patients with persistent pain that is difficult to control or has complex psychosocial influences, or who have a history of medication misuse, should be referred to a multidisciplinary pain centre. Selected patients may be offered invasive options such as nerve blocks or spinal-cord stimulation. The best outcomes are achieved in patients treated in group-based pain-management programs using cognitive-behavioural therapy to improve physical function, change unhelpful thinking and improve patients' understanding of their situation.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1985

Home care expenses for the disabled elderly.

This article presents descriptive statistics from the 1982 Long-Term Care Survey on noninstitutionalized elderly Americans with limitations in activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). The focus of this article is on private expenses for home-based care related to ADL and IADL limitations. We describe the amounts of out-of-pocket payments expended relative to the characteristics of the home-based, disabled elderly population. We also discuss several possible implications of the findings for policymakers and further research.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Financial and time costs to parents of severely disabled children.

This paper considers the financial burden of parents caring for severely disabled children. A model to predict parents' out-of-pocket expenses and caregiving time demands is described. Discriminant analysis correctly classified high and low group membership for out-of-pocket expenses and caregiving time at 72 percent and 77 percent, respectively. Expected rates were 50 percent. Time spent caregiving was the best predictor for out-of-pocket expenses, and out-of-pocket expenses was the best predictor of caregiving time. A need-based approach for the distribution of resources that recognizes and adjusts for caregiving time and out-of-pocket costs is recommended.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Sources of payment for assistive technology: findings from a national survey of persons with disabilities.

This article provides an overview of who pays for the most commonly used assistive technology devices, special adaptations, and environmental accommodations by persons with disabilities in the United States. The latest findings from the 2001 survey of Use and Need of Assistive Technology and Information Technology by Persons With Disabilities in the United States conducted by the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research, Rehabilitation Engineering and Assistive Technology Society of North America, and the University of Michigan will be presented and compared to findings from earlier research and reviews of the literature. A modified discriminant function analysis was performed to determine the interaction between the source of payment for assistive technology used by persons with disabilities. In the sample of 1,414 such persons, 901 were found to use some form of assistive technology in their daily lives. Ten distinct sources of payment were specified. Respondents were able to mention up to three sources of payment for each example of assistive technology used. A total of 1,877 sources were mentioned. Overall, the most mentioned payment source was self or other family member in household, accounting for nearly 40% of all sources mentioned. The variables tested were found to have varying levels of interactive potency. Occupational status, education level, severity of impairment, opinion as to the effectiveness of assistive technology, and personal income were significant, whereas age, family income, opinion as to improvement over the past decade, and race were statistically unrelated to source of payment. From the perspective of relative discrimination on the basis of payment source, Medicare stands as the lone significant discriminant source of payment. The authors offer a summary and conclusion based on an integrated view of all available sources of information about payment.

Persons with Disabilities↗
PubMed2004

Determining personal care consumers' preferences for a consumer-directed cash and counseling option: survey results from Arkansas, Florida, New Jersey, and New York elders and adults with physical disabilities.

OBJECTIVE: To assess Medicaid consumers' interest in a consumer-directed cash option for personal care and other services, in lieu of agency-delivered services. DATA SOURCES/STUDY SETTING: Telephone survey data were collected from four states from April to November 1997. Postsurvey focus groups were conducted in four states in 1998. Early implementation experiences are drawn from three states from 1999 to 2002. STUDY DESIGN: Participants (N=2,140) were selected for a structured telephone survey interview from a probability-sampling frame of current Medicaid consumers in Arkansas, Florida, New Jersey, and New York. Key variables include interest in the cash option, demographic and background characteristics of consumers, as well as previous experience and training needed. Postsurvey focus groups were also conducted with current Medicaid consumers. DATA COLLECTION/EXTRACTION METHODS: Interviewers read the telephone survey from computer screens and entered responses directly into the database of the Macintosh Computer Assisted Telephone Interview software. Data were analyzed using SPSS 10.0 (http://www.spss.com) for Windows. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Cash option interest was positively associated with experience hiring and supervising workers, more severe levels of disability, having a live-in caregiver, living in Florida, and minority status. Age of the client was also a significant factor. CONCLUSIONS: There is significant interest in the cash option, although interest varies among subgroups of consumers. Future research should continue to evaluate interest in the cash option among different groups of consumers, as well as actual experience with the option when the Cash and Counseling Demonstration and Evaluation (CCDE) evaluation findings are completed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Public support for policies that would help people with chronic conditions.

According to a national public opinion survey, Americans strongly support government solutions to help people with chronic conditions and their caregivers. Such solutions include a Medicare prescription drug benefit, a tax credit for caregivers, a tax break for people who purchase private long-term care insurance, and public long-term care insurance. A majority is willing to support several of these initiatives by paying higher taxes, but our survey suggests that other initiatives may not have sufficient support to offset their incremental costs. In addition, support for these proposals varies systematically by individual characteristics, which suggests that there are different constituencies for each proposal.

Adolescent↗