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At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Patch-clamp studies on the anomalous mole fraction effect of the K+ channel in cytoplasmic droplets of Nitella: an attempt to distinguish between a multi-ion single-file pore and an enzyme kinetic model with lazy state.

Patch-clamp studies have been employed in order to check whether the assumption of a multi-ion single-file pore is necessary for the explanation of the anomalous mole fraction effect or whether this effect can also be explained by a single-barrier enzyme kinetic model. Experiments in the cell-attached configuration were done on the tonoplast membrane of cytoplasmic droplets of Nitella in solutions containing 150 mol m-3 of K+ plus Tl+ with seven different K+/Tl+ ratios. At first sight, the results seem to support the multi-ion single-file pore, because apparent open channel conductivity displays the anomalous mole fraction effect, whereas open-probability has not been found to be dependent on the K+/Tl+ ratio. Changes in open probability would be expected for a single-barrier enzyme kinetic model with a lazy state. On the other hand, the lazy-state model is more successful in explaining the measured I-V curves. The entire slope of the apparent open channel current-voltage curves rotates with changing K+/Tl+ ratios in the whole voltage range between -100 and +80 mV. Numerical calculations on the basis of multi-ion single-file pores could create the anomalous mole fraction effect only in a limited voltage range with intersecting I-V curves. The apparent absence of an effect on open probability which is postulated by the lazy-state model can be explained if switching into and out of the lazy state is faster than can be resolved by the temporal resolution of 1 msec.

Biological Transport↗
PubMed1991

Radiographic interpretation of endodontic file length.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of examiners when asked to make file length adjustments with only a radiograph. The examiners viewed several radiographs under proper viewing conditions but without the aid of measuring devices. Two files of varying lengths (sizes 10 and 15) were placed in maxillary and mandibular premolars and molars from cadavers. The nine examiners were 67.91% in agreement of actual file length adjustment needed when adjustments of up to 0.5 mm were needed, 17.76% when adjustments of from 0.5 up to 1.0 mm were needed, and 14.33% when adjustments of greater than 1.0 mm were needed.

Dental Pulp Cavity↗
PubMed1989

Electrochemical engineering approach to the irrigation of tooth canals under the influence of a vibrating file.

Doubt exists concerning the irrigation of secondary tooth canals when the vibration of a file introduced into the main root canal is superimposed on flow-through irrigation of the main canal. Depending on the type of commercial equipment used, the vibrations of the file are sonic or ultrasonic. We use the methodology of an electrochemical engineering approach in a study of the intensity of the irrigation of the secondary canals under the influence of sonic and ultrasonic vibrations of a file located at various heights in the main canal. The tooth canals are simulated by small electrochemical cells containing electrodes located at the end of cavities simulating the secondary canals. An electrochemical method is used to measure the mass transfer coefficients at these electrodes, a classical method in electrochemical engineering laboratories. The values of the mass transfer coefficients are representative of the importance of the irrigation of the electrodes. Thus they give a quantitative idea of the vibrations on the irrigation of secondary tooth canals. The work demonstrates the usefulness of the electrochemical engineering approach in contributing to the solution of a biomedical problem.

Electrochemistry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

User discipline in a personal computer-based filing of ultrasound records.

The discipline of entering ultrasound examination data in a personal computer file was studied over two periods. During the first period (19 weeks), the use of the computer was limited to one laboratory. During the second period (14 weeks), the computer was shared by three laboratories operating in nearby premises. During the study, 2857 (89%) of a total of 3209 ultrasound examinations performed were duly recorded in the data file. The frequency of failure to enter data was markedly higher during the second period (7-45%) than during the first period (5%) of the study. Overall, there was a highly significant (p less than 0.001) tendency to enter pathological findings at the expense of normal and non-diagnostic findings. The ease of access to the computer and the number of examinations recorded appear to determine user conscientiousness in filing data. Selection and omission of data impair the usefulness of the data log in research.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

A comparison of techniques for cleaning endodontic files after usage: a quantitative scanning electron microscopic study.

One-hundred ten new endodontic files were used to prepare canals and were then cleaned using three different techniques: (a) gauze soaked with alcohol, (b) sponge soaked with alcohol, and (c) ultrasonic bath. The cleaning ability of each of these techniques immediately after use and after 1 h of delay were compared. Identical areas on each file were examined by using a custom-made jig. Morphometric analysis of debris was carried out using a Bioquant image analysis system. Sponge/alcohol was the worst cleaning method; this was significantly different from the other two techniques. The gauze/alcohol and ultrasonic bath were similar. The 1-h delay before instrument cleaning did not affect the ability of any of the techniques tested. None of the methods tested were able to totally clean the files.

Decontamination↗
PubMed1990

High precision, simulated cutting efficiency measurement of endodontic root canal instruments: influence of file configuration and lubrication.

A high precision method is presented for measurement of root canal instrument cutting efficiency in pure, linear movements. Operator-independent instrumentation is achieved by means of an automatic, mechanical test rig mounted as an accessory in an Instron tensile testing machine. It is now possible to do reliable cutting simulation that closely represents clinical motions. Cutting efficiency is assessed via "wear" volume measurement by means of three-dimensional surface mapping on bovine bone serving as a dentin substitute. A volume precision of 3 x 10(-3) mm3 is achieved which is equivalent to a weight resolution better than 10 micrograms. In particular, cutting efficiency data for K-type and H-type files is presented showing an enhanced performance (by roughly a factor of 3) in the latter case. Lubrication is also shown to increase the cutting efficiency (+200% for the K file and +30% for the H file). Water and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite solutions have equivalent effects.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Comparison of balanced forces, endosonic, and step-back filing instrumentation techniques: quantification of extruded apical debris.

Randomly assigned groups of 15 single-canal, extracted human teeth were instrumented by one of three techniques: balanced forces, endosonic, or step-back filing. Debris extruded from the apical foramen during instrumentation was collected onto preweighed filters using a suction filtration apparatus. Following desiccation, weight determinations were made on an analytical electrobalance. A one-factor analysis of variance was performed on the debris weight data revealing that the endosonic technique apically extruded significantly more debris than the balanced forces technique (p less than 0.05). Further analysis of the data, excluding debris weights greater than 1 SD from the mean, using a one-factor analysis of variance revealed the balanced forces technique apically extruded significantly less debris than either endosonic or step-back filing techniques (p less than 0.05). No significant difference was demonstrated between endosonic and step-back filing techniques.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1976

Computer printing and filing of microbiology reports. 1. Description of the system.

From March 1974 all reports from this microbiology department have been computer printed and filed. The system was designed to include every medically important microorganism and test. Technicians at the laboratory bench made their results computer-readable using Port-a-punch cards, and specimen details were recorded on paper-tape, allowing the full description of each specimen to appear on the report. A summary form of each microbiology phrase enabled copies of reports to be printed on wide paper with 12 to 18 reports per sheet; such copies, in alphabetical order for one day, and cumulatively for one week were used by staff answering enquiries to the office. This format could also be used for printing allthe reports for one patient. Retrieval of results from the files was easily performed and was useful to medical and laboratory staff and for control-of-infection purposes. The system was written in COBOL and was designed to be as cost-effective as possible without sacrificing accuracy; the cost of a report and its filing was 17-97 pence.

Computers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An evaluation of data items for the filing system of a gastric cancer screening project.

We have been developing a database for gastric cancer screening test since 1979. People who live in the city area voluntarily undergo the test once a year, and the data of each examinee are stored into the file constituting a record for each visit. Up to the present time, 91 400 records have been entered into the database. The file is supported by FLXFL, an interactive system for programming-free data management and analysis, which runs on a PDP 11/44. A record consists of 56 items, that is: examinee's name, address, telephone number, past history, family history, present complaints, radiographic findings of the gastrointestinal tract and so forth. Data other than X-ray and gastro-camera findings are taken by questionnaire. Using the data in the file, we have statistically analysed whether each data item is useful or not for detecting a patient with gastric cancer. The results of the analyses are presented in this paper.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Image filing system for radiotherapy using a video tape recorder].

The compact media of video tape is applied to store medical images with spoken reporting. Video tape recorder (VTR), personal computer, and video/computer interface constitute our image filing system. VTR is controlled automatically by personal computer. Our system enable to file images including moving images, and color images easily, and established cheap and useful image filing system.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

The Social Security Administration's 10-percent sample file of OASDI beneficiaries.

This is another in a series of technical articles describing Social Security Administration sample files and statistical systems. The focus of this article is the 10-percent sample file that provides program and demographic information on Social Security beneficiaries under the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance program. The article explains the contents and availability of the 10-percent sample and presents several statistical tabulations as examples of the wide variety of data that can be developed from the file.

Female↗
PubMed1991

Medical malpractice claims filed by Medicaid and non-Medicaid recipients in Maryland.

Several databases available in Maryland are used to investigate whether Medicaid recipients are more likely than other persons to engage in medical malpractice litigation. All malpractice claims filed during 1985 and 1986 (N = 1037) were updated for outcomes through 1989 and described with regard to the payer status of claimants. The proportion of claims filed by persons enrolled in Medicaid before and/or during the alleged malpractice incident was lower than the proportion of state residents enrolled in Medicaid. In addition, the proportion of obstetric claims filed by Medicaid recipients was identical to their proportion of hospital discharges for obstetric services during the period in which the incidents occurred.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1990

[How and when to create a pediatric file for authorization to market a new drug. A proposal of the SNIP clinical group (National Syndicate of Pharmaceutical Industry)].

In order to recommend the pediatric use of a new drug, the registration file should include several types of studies. Existing data on toxicological and pharmacological studies in animal and human have to be thoroughly examined. In addition, the splitting potential of single doses to be adapted to the child should be studied, according to the galenic formula. In all cases, the clinical file should have one pharmacokinetic study on acute intake of one or several doses in the specific age bracket. When the efficacy of a drug has been demonstrated in adults for the same disease, and if the results are extrapolated to children, the file should include one or several open studies designs in order to assess the tolerability. On the contrary, for example when the disease is different in or specific for children, one or several double blind randomized studies against reference treatment are necessary. All those studies should show the therapeutical value of the drug, and should allow precise recommendations for the dosages, depending on the body weight and/or the body surface compatible with the galenic formula.

Child↗
PubMed1990

[Centralization of all medical laboratory data by laser disk filing system].

In recent years, the medical laboratory system is being widely applied. We describe the medical laboratory system of our Saga Medical School Hospital, including the electrocardiogram (ECG) and electroencephalogram (EEG) laser disk data filing systems. The main computer system of FUJITSU M-730/4 (main memory of host computer 13 MB) handles a large amount of data, in the fields of chemistry, hematology, serology, microbiology, blood banking and histology laboratory. All 17 chemistry and hematology automatic analyzers are linked through communication lines to the main computer. The important tasks of this system are data processing, storing of information in the database, data reporting and quality control statistics. This laboratory system is also connected to the total hospital information system of FUJITSU M-760, main memory 48 MB. For pattern recognition, ECG and EEG laser disk data filing systems have been constructed. The main purpose of these filing systems is mass storage of analog data signals in laser disk, computer assisted analysis and data communication. ECG and EEG analog data are converted into digital form by the analog-to-digital converter, and then transmitted over hospital telephone lines to the central computer system for analysis. The computer assisted statements are then sent back to the ECG terminals at the nurse station. As necessary, after the physician reads over the ECG, statements are printed in the final reports. These optical reporting systems are also linked to the total hospital information system. One of the main tasks in the laboratory is the control of the seemingly endless paper work.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Clinical Laboratory Information Systems↗
PubMed1990

Differences in reported car weight between fatality and registration data files.

Two national-level data sources are commonly used together to estimate and compare fatality rates by car weight. The weight of each car in a fatal crash is available on the automated files of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's Fatal Accident Reporting System; weight is derived by interpreting the Vehicle Identification Number of each car using a computer algorithm developed and maintained by R. L. Polk & Co. Counts of cars in use, by weight, are available on R. L. Polk & Co.'s National Vehicle Population Profile files; weights are coded from information in state vehicle registration files. However, it appears that there are systematic differences in car weight coding that complicate the use of these two sources together for calculating fatality rates (fatalities per registered car). Overall, the registration data appear to describe a car (of a particular make, model, and model year) as about one hundred pounds heavier than that car is described in the fatality data. The effect is to bias the comparison of fatalities per registered vehicle against lighter cars. Failure to consider this difference can lead to very misleading results. For example, the uncorrected data produce an estimate that the number of occupant fatalities per registered minicompact car (those under 1,950 pounds) was five times the rate in the largest cars (those weighing at least 3,950 pounds). Correcting for differences in car weight reporting produces estimates that the fatality rate in minicompact cars was twice that in the largest cars. Differences by car weight remain, but they are much less than would be concluded from the biased comparison.

Accident Prevention↗
PubMed1989

[Study on obturating efficiency of Gutta-percha point as a root canal filler. Difference in results among combinational usages of hand reamers and files].

The last treatment step followings extirpation of pulp from an infected root canal is root canal filling. Before root canal filling is done, however, the canal must be enlarged enough and the infected dentin and debris removed thoroughly from the canal. Furthermore, re-infection from the apical foramen at the apex of the root canal should be prevented. In this study, we examined the root apex sealing ability of gutta-percha points applied by the lateral condensation method and the vertical condensation method, as well as the difference in root canal sealing ability of gutta-percha points when either a hand reamer or file or their combination was used for root canal enlargement. Extracted human upper incisors were used for root canal enlargement. The condition of the root canal wall after enlargement was observed by scanning electron microscope. The fitness between the wall and gutta-percha was determined by observation of replicas filled with gutta-percha. Furthermore, to assess the degree of apex sealing after root canal filling, we immersed the extracted teeth in Indian ink for 1 day, 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, or 4 weeks (Indian ink permeation test). The results obtained were as follows: 1. Reamer and K-file could smooth the root canal wall more than H-file by the scratch-up method. And also the instruments used by the rotation method formed a sure apical seat, which resulted in film apex filling. 2. By the observation of gutta-percha point-filled replicas we noted a border line between the apical seat and apical foramen when the lateral condensation method was used, whereas the line was not observed with the vertical condensation method. 3. Between the 2 filling methods there was no difference in the ink permeation by Indian ink permeation test, but high sealing ability was observed in the root canal in which a sure apical seat had been formed.

Gutta-Percha↗
PubMed1986

Instrumentation of the curved root canal using filing or reaming technique--a clinical study of technical complications.

The technical results of two different techniques for instrumentation of root canals were evaluated. The study comprised 520 roots with various degree of curvature treated by supervised dental students using either a reaming of a filing technique. The results indicated that treatment complications were mainly associated with severely curved (greater than or equal to 35 degrees) canals (15-20% of the molars). Instrument breakage and lateral deviation from original canal curvature were more frequent with the reaming technique whereas overfilling and root perforation dominated with the filing technique. Loss in working length occurred with both techniques. It is suggested that the frequency of complications during instrumentation of curved canals might be diminished if files are used for the enlargement of the canal and reamers are used for the final shaping of the apical part.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Computer simulation of single-file transport.

A stochastic model of single-file transport was developed as the Markov process in continuous time technique. The model was constructed using an EC-1060 computer. Unidirectional fluxes were investigated and populations of channels were correlated with flux fluctuations. The profiles of channel populations were shown to have nonlinear shapes even with the transport of nonelectrolyte (the classical diffusion approach gives linear profiles). The relationship between the paired correlation function F(AB) and the concentration of transported particles was examined. The F(AB) profile was shown to become flattened (or exponential for asymmetrical cases) at high concentrations. The concentration dependence jA/jA0 ratio were analyzed, where jA is a single-file unidirectional flux, jA0 is unidirectional flux for the case of free diffusion. An interesting "stack" phenomenon was observed for abnormal time correlations of single-file fluxes.

Biological Transport↗