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PubMed2005

Perceptions of Chandigarh sports coaches regarding oro-facial injuries and their prevention.

Enthusiastic participation by the younger generation in sports exposes them to a high risk of injuries. In the present study, the perceptions of sports coaches regarding their knowledge and experience of such injuries is evaluated. The coaches considered helmet as the most common protective device followed by mouth guard and facemask. About 58% observed that boxing was associated with oro-facial injuries and protective devices were deemed mandatory by 68% in this event. About 45% saw over five injuries in the last year, mostly soft tissue facial injuries (47%) and tooth loss (33%). Most injuries were in hockey and 32% were due to hits by ball, stick or related hard objects. About 82% were related to nonuse of protective devices. The majority of coaches considered that oro-facial devices be made more popular among sportspersons for their safety while 28% felt they reduced efficiency. The author concludes that there is a need to popularize the use of oro-facial protective devices in a variety of sports events in our country by interacting with coaches, sports administrators and sportspersons as well as familiarizing the Indian dentists in this relatively new field.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Hemorrhagic vascular lesions in facial injuries treated by intravascular embolization: report of two cases].

We have encountered 2 cases of hemorrhagic vascular lesion in the external carotid artery system caused by facial injury. In case 1, treatment of epistaxis by nasal packing was unsuccessful. Good result was obtained by intravascular embolization in the internal maxillary artery using polyvinyl alcohol particles and gelatin sponge pieces. In case 2, massive subgaleal hemorrhage due to tearing of the middle meningeal artery caused by a skull base fracture appeared following surgery for open skull fracture. Hemostasis was performed successfully by intravascular embolization in the middle meningeal artery using microcoils and gelatin sponge pieces. In cases of facial injuries with hemorrhagic lesions in the external carotid artery system, hemostasis is generally difficult. Referring to these two cases, we think that the treatment of choice is angiography followed by intravascular embolization.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Knowledge and attitudes of Arizona high-school coaches regarding oral-facial injuries and mouthguard use among athletes.

The authors assessed high-school athletic coaches' perceptions about oral-facial injuries and mouthguard use in sports that do not mandate mouthguard use. About 72 percent of the coaches said that their athletes sustained oral-facial injuries, 28 percent that some athletes used mouthguards regularly, 48 percent that athletes had sustained injuries and did not use mouthguards regularly, and 31 percent said they would not encourage mouthguard use. Advocacy for mouthguard use should focus on coaches, coaches' associations and rule-making organizations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Head and Facial Injuries in Interscholastic Women's Lacrosse.

The Purpose of this study was to determine the advisability of protective headgear for interscholastic women playing lacrosse by recording the occurrence of head and facial injuries. During this 3-year study, the head and facial region was the most frequently injured individual area (5.4/100 athletes) of all body structures. The three areas of the head and face that were injured the most were: the head (36%), the eye (23%), and the nose (18%). Being struck by an opponent's stick or the ball were the two most common mechanisms of injury, with contusions (63%), lacerations (14%), and concussions (10%) being the most frequent injuries. Athletes were most often in the act of catching the ball or being stick-checked when the injury occurred to the head and facial area. Twice as many head and facial injuries occurred during game play than practice, with on-goal and midfield play being the most hazardous situations. Over the 3-year study, 75% of the athletes who sustained a head or facial injury were incapacitated for 0 to 1 day. Due to the lack of severity of injuries, we concluded that helmets were not necessary for interscholastic women.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1991

[Facial injuries in bicyclists: epidemiological analysis and prophylactic consequences].

Bicycle accidents in adults are common and concern frequently injuries to head and face. 150 of totally 216 patients with cycle accidents in a six month' prospective study at the Basel University Hospital showed face and head trauma. 85 severe facial injuries treated operatively by the Clinic for Reconstructive Surgery between 1985 and 1989 are analysed in detail. These facial injuries are rarely life threatening and normally the postoperative outcome is good. Nevertheless, usual bicycle helmets cannot avoid facial trauma. Therefore traffic educational programs are the most important prophylactic efforts. Technical progress and improvement of the bicycles ask for better trained cyclists. Further more, the importance of really respecting the traffic rules as well as the construction of separate cycle routes is stressed.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epidemiology of facial injury in female blunt assault trauma cases.

BACKGROUND: Etiology of trauma in the female population differs from that of the male population. To date, domestic violence has been researched extensively, but little has been published about the epidemiology of facial injury in the female population. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the differences in the circumstances under which males and females are injured, to identify gender-specific patterns of injury, and to assess whether differences in the demographics, health status, and drug-use profile exist between female and male assault cases and whether these factors lead to a difference in outcome. METHODS: A cohort of 91 female assault cases was compared with a control group of 706 males with similar injuries resulting from blunt assault trauma. Information was gathered by retrospective review of 797 consecutive cases requiring admission for facial injuries resulting from blunt assault trauma. Fisher exact, chi 2, and t tests were used to assess statistically significant differences between the male and female cohorts. RESULTS: The female cohort comprised 12% of all cases admitted for blunt assault facial trauma. One third of female blunt assault facial trauma patients were subjects of domestic violence. Statistically significant differences were found between males and females for the type of assault (rape, domestic violence, altercation, etc) with P < .0001. Females were more likely to be admitted with soft tissue injury only but no fracture (P < .05), less likely to be assaulted with a weapon, and unlikely to be involved in an altercation, gang violence, arrest, or robbery. Females were also less likely than males to be injured while intoxicated (P < .05). Incidence of specific injury patterns and outcomes, however, were similar between the 2 groups. CONCLUSION: The present data support the hypothesis that the female blunt assault facial trauma population represents a distinct epidemiological entity, with significant differences in the circumstances of injury, mechanism of assault, and role of intoxication in the incidence of injury. The prevalence of facial trauma in female assault cases makes it critical for the facial plastic surgeon to be vigilant in the evaluation and treatment of these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

A model study of facial injury caused by impact while wearing an ophthalmic frame.

Damage to facial tissue caused by an ophthalmic frame when there is impact to the face was studied by means of a paraffin-covered mannequin head. Under mild conditions of impact it was easily observed that metal frames and metal components do more tissue damage than is done by a zylframe. A series of the commonly dispensed frames was compared for facial injury potential caused by impact to the face.

Biophysical Phenomena↗
PubMed1981

[Application of various types of osteosynthesis in facial injuries (author's transl)].

The authors describe their results obtained in facial injuries treated by various osteosynthesis methods. They recall the different techniques available (steel wires, screws, plates, and pins), and give, for each localization, their opinion as to the best method for obtaining the most satisfactory functional result with the best possible reduction and immobilization, using the simplest and least disturbing procedure for the injured patient.

Facial Injuries↗
PubMed1984

Severe facial injury by impalement.

Severe facial trauma is a well recognized hazard of road traffic accidents. We describe severe injuries sustained in an unusual way. A car overturned onto a roadside fencing post, impaling the driver's neck and face. The stake was successfully removed in the operating room, and the fractures were fixed and lacerations sutured.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1997

[A penetrating cranio-facial injury due to a nail-gun accident].

We report a case of a penetrating cranio-facial injury due to a nail-gun accident. An 18-year-old worker was admitted to our hospital as an emergency patient. He was working using a nail-gun when a nail ricocheted off a wall and pierced the right side of his face. Skull X-rays and a CT scan showed that a 9 cm nail had pierced his right frontal lobe through the right maxillary bone via the orbital space. The patient was alert without any neurologically abnormal findings. A small stab wound was recognized on his face. The nail was removed six hours after the injury through a sublabial approach and a fronto-temporal craniotomy. The nail was very tightly fixed in the maxillary bone and skull base bones, and a screw driver normally used in orthopedic surgery proved to be very useful for removing the nail. The patient returned home 14 days later without any neurological deficits. The technical problems associated with such a nail-gun injury in the face and skull are also discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

[Facial injuries].

In spite of a certain reduction in their numbers, facial injuries still raise frequent problems for general surgeons. Car accidents are now less commonly responsible than motorcycle accidents. In the most complex cases, one may find lesions of the soft parts and bony lesions in association. The wounds should be examined carefully, all foreign bodies removed and should only be sutured if one is certain tht the subjacent structures are undamaged, e.g. facial bony canals are often damaged in vertical wounds of the cheek situated behind the anterior border of the masseter muscle. As far as bony lesions are concerned, they rarely give rise to typical breakdowns of the suture lines described by Lefort, but more commonly cause true dislocations which are impossible to describe. Fractures are often undiagnosed owing to oedema which masks them, e.g. those of the malar bone and of the orbit and even those of the nose. This failure to diagnose them is serious for, at a later stage, surgical correction is more difficult and the prejudice is then not only esthetic but also functional, e.g. causing diplopia. Clinical examination of a patient with trauma of the face includes a series of simple gestures which a general surgeion should carry out in order to avoid failure to diagnose such lesions. Although he may not treat them all, he sould recognise them and decide which have priority in the treatment of multiple injuries. Careful inspection and palpation usually permit one to detect bony lesions which XRays then demonstrate only by careful choice of appropriate views.

Eyelids↗
PubMed1997

Head, neck, and facial injuries in ice hockey: the effect of protective equipment.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the factors and behaviors associated with facial, head, and/or neck injuries to those engaged in ice hockey; the use of protective equipment was also examined. DESIGN: Prospective case series. SETTING: Emergency Department of Sudbury General Hospital. PATIENTS: All patients presenting to the emergency department with a head, neck, or facial injury while playing hockey between the months of October and March 1993-94 and 1994-95 were included in the study. Physicians completed data forms on each patient. Information was validated by review of the emergency-room records; further information was obtained by telephone. RESULTS: A total of 226 patients were identified with ice-hockey-related head, neck, or facial injuries. Most injuries involved males (99%), and the mean age of patients was 23.9 (range, 4-63). Injuries occurred most frequently to the face [192 (85%)]. Many of the injuries were minor, with a mean injury severity score of 1.5 (range, 1-25). However, three patients (1%) required hospital admission, and one teenager suffered a serious spinal fracture. Protective facial hockey equipment use was low in our sample, except among younger injured players. Most of the facial injuries occurred in mature athletes playing recreational hockey. Full facial protection reduced the chance of upper facial injury (p = 0.0001), but the risk of such injury while wearing a half-visor was the same as while wearing no facial protection at all (p > 0.05). From the current study, we estimate that these hockey injuries result in approximately 2.7-3.0 million dollars of direct acute-care medical expenditure per year in emergency departments throughout Ontario. CONCLUSIONS: Head, neck, and facial injuries suffered during ice hockey participation are common problems presented to emergency departments. Moreover, serious injuries can occur while playing this sport. Most injuries appear to be preventable, and facial protection appears to be less frequently used, especially by older men, than is currently recommended. Prevention strategies are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

A profile of the oro-facial injuries in child physical abuse at a children's hospital.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to determine the head, face and neck injuries associated with child abuse cases in the Cape Peninsula, Cape Town. South Africa. METHOD: A retrospective, record-based analysis (n = 300) of non-accidental injuries at a Children's Hospital over a 5-year period (1992-1996) was carried out. RESULTS: The mean age of the sample was 4.75 years--54.3% were boys and 45.7% were girls. Most of the crimes were committed in the child's own home (88.7%). Crimes were reported by mothers (48.7%), grandmothers (11.7%) and day hospitals (13%). Ninety percent of the perpetrators were known to the victim. The majority of the perpetrators were male (79%)--20% the perpetrators were the mother's boyfriend; 36% the father or step father, and in 12% the mother was responsible. Thirty-five percent of perpetrators were under the influence of alcohol or drugs when they committed the offence: 64.7% of cases suffered serious injuries, 48.7% had to be hospitalized, four children were critically injured and died. The head, face, neck, and mouth were the sites of physical injury in 67% of the 300 cases reviewed. The face was the most frequently injured (41%) part of the body, with the cheek being the most common site for the injury. The range and diversity of the oro-facial injuries included skull fractures, subdural hematomas, retinal hemorrhages, bruises, burns, and lacerations. Injuries to the mouth included fractured teeth, avulsed teeth, lacerations to the lips, frenum, tongue, and jaw fractures. CONCLUSIONS: The main conclusions of this study were (i) under 2-year-old children were most at risk from abuse (36%); (ii) the number of the reported injuries to the oral cavity was extremely low (11%); and (iii) no dentists participated in the examination of any of the patients. Intra-oral injuries may be overlooked because of the medical examiner's unfamiliarity with the oral cavity. Oral health professionals should be consulted for diagnosis, advice and treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Maxillo-facial injury in severe haemophilia.

A case of maxillo-facial injuries in a patient with severe haemophilia is described. Problems of treatment and management are discussed from both surgical and haematological points of view.

Adult↗