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At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Evolutionary relationships among putative RNA-dependent RNA polymerases encoded by a mitochondrial virus-like RNA in the Dutch elm disease fungus, Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, by other viruses and virus-like RNAs and by the Arabidopsis mitochondrial genome.

The nucleotide sequence (2617 nucleotides) of virus-like double-stranded (ds) RNA 3a in a diseased isolate, Log1/3-8d2 (Ld), of the ascomycete fungus Ophiostoma novo-ulmi has been determined. One strand of the dsRNA contains an open reading frame (ORF) with the potential to encode a protein of 718 amino acids, and the complementary strand contains two smaller ORFs with the potential to encode proteins of 178 and 182 amino acids, respectively. The large ORF contains 12 UGA codons which code for tryptophan in ascomycete mitochondria and has a codon bias typical of mitochondrial genes, consistent with the localization of Ld dsRNAs within the mitochondria. The amino acid sequence contains motifs characteristic of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRps). This putative RdRp was shown to be related to putative RdRps of mitochondrial dsRNAs of another ascomycete and a basidiomycete fungus and also to a putative RdRp encoded by the mitochondrial genome of Arabidopsis thaliana. In multiple sequence alignments, the fungal mitochondrial dsRNA-encoded RdRp-like proteins formed a cluster, ancestrally related to the RdRps of the yeast 20S and 23S RNA replicons and of the positive-stranded RNA bacteriophages of the Leviviridae family, but distinct from RdRps of other families and genera of fungal RNA viruses and related plant and animal RNA viruses. Northern blot analysis with RNA 3a strand-specific probes indicated that nucleic acid extracts of Ld contain more single-stranded (positive-stranded) RNA than dsRNA, consistent with an evolutionary relationship between RNA 3a and positive-stranded RNA phages.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1958

Fungus disease in Northern California.

A systematic search for disease caused by fungi was made in a group of patients from northern California. Superficial mycotic infection was diagnosed frequently. Systemic fungus infection was found in approximately 0.6 per cent of an unselected group observed at Stanford University clinics-coccidioidomycosis or actinomycosis in almost all cases.Clinically unsuspected fungus infection was rare. Various species of Candida were frequently recovered, particularly from debilitated patients who had received antimicrobial therapy. Only rarely could these organisms be conclusively demonstrated to have caused serious disease.

California↗
PubMed1998

Novel structures of two virus-like RNA elements from a diseased isolate of the Dutch elm disease fungus, Ophiostoma novo-ulmi.

The nucleotide sequences of 2 of the 10 mitochondrial double-stranded (ds) RNA segments in a diseased isolate, Log 1/3-8d2 (Ld), of Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, RNA-7 (1057 nucleotides) and RNA-10 (317-330 nucleotides), have been determined. Both RNAs are A-U-rich, but in Southern and Northern blots, no hybridization with mitochondrial DNA or RNA could be detected. Only very short open reading frames were found in both RNAs. As most of its sequence is unrelated to any of the other Ld dsRNAs, RNA-7 may be regarded as a satellite RNA. Northern blotting detected a full-length single-stranded (ss) form of RNA-7 in nucleic acid extracts from Ld. The 5'- and 3'-terminal 39 nucleotides of ssRNA-7 are imperfect inverted complementary repeats of each other, which could cause ssRNA-7 to form a panhandle structure. In addition, the 5'-terminal nucleotides 1-28 and 3'-terminal nucleotides 1032-1057 of ssRNA-7 each contained inverted complementary sequences, allowing the possibility for each terminus to form separate stem-loop structures. The combination of these two structural features has not been found previously in any dsRNA or ssRNA virus. RNA-10 was shown to have an unusual structure, consisting of a mosaic of sequences derived from regions of the 5'- and 3'-termini, or just the 5'-terminus, of RNA-7, RNA-10 has a high degree of inverted complementarity, with the potential to be folded into a very stable hairpin structure. A model for the formation of RNA-10 is presented, involving replicase-driven strand switching between (-)-strand and (+)-strand templates during RNA synthesis, followed by utilization of the nascent strand as a primer and template to form a snap-back RNA.

Ascomycota↗