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Results for “Ethical Analysis”

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At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

An ethical analysis of alternative methods to obtain pluripotent stem cells without destroying embryos.

Although few ethical concerns exist regarding the use of adult stem cells, the field of embryonic stem cell research is fraught with moral qualms. Several alternative sources of pluripotent stem cells have recently been presented that try to sidestep the destruction of human embryos. The goal of these new proposals is to avoid embryo destruction, the main objection to embryonic stem cell research and thus introduce a type of stem cell research that would gain widespread approval and support. This article suggests that most embryo-saving alternatives fail to reach this goal given the concessions they require with regard to the speed of progress, technical complexity, safety and security of applications, degree of dependence on limited resources and extent of the field of application. The second part of the article identifies and analyses the two main strategies that alternative sources of pluripotent stem cells are based on and points out their shortcomings.

Beginning of Human Life↗
PubMed1993

Disclosure of a diagnosis to children and adolescents when parents object. A clinical ethics analysis.

Parents of children and adolescents occasionally request nondisclosure of a diagnosis to the patient. This ethical dilemma was analyzed using a case in which parents of a child with cystic fibrosis demanded that the physician not reveal the diagnosis to their daughter. The case study helps to identify the specific clinical factors that may be considered when confronting similar dilemmas in other cases. Any justification for lying to the patient or hiding information must derive from clinical circumstances that override the basic moral duty to tell the truth. The physician, the disease, the patient, and the family are all pertinent to the ethical decision of disclosure. These factors may change over time with the natural history of the disease and the maturation of the patient.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1999

Can medical criteria settle priority-setting debates? The need for ethical analysis.

Medical criteria rooted in evidence-based medicine are often seen as a value-neutral 'trump card' which puts paid to any further debate about setting priorities for treatment. On this argument, doctors should stop providing treatment at the point when it becomes medically futile, and that is also the threshold at which the health purchaser should stop purchasing. This paper offers three kinds of ethical criteria as a counterweight to analysis based solely on medical criteria. The first set of arguments concerns futility, probability and utility; the second, justice and fairness; the third, consent and competence. The argument is illustrated by two recent case studies about futility and priority-setting: the U.S. example of 'Baby Ryan' and the U.K. case of 'Child B'.

Ethics, Medical↗
PubMed1990

Should a ventilator be removed at a patient's request? An ethical analysis.

The request of a ventilator-dependent quadriplegic person to be removed from the ventilator presents the health care team with an ethical dilemma. Application of ethical principles to case facts guides the decision maker. The ethical principle of autonomy requires that persons be respected and free to determine their course in life. The ethical principle of beneficence requires the health care team to actively benefit or do good for the patient. The ethical principle of nonmaleficence requires the health care team to refrain from harming a patient. The ethical duty of fidelity requires the nurse to be faithful to commitments made to patients. Ethical principles and duties are clear and straightforward. The decision of how they apply to a given case is not. However, applying them to a case, while not providing definitive answers, will provide the certainty that the decision was the best possible in a particular set of circumstances. An increasing number of cases similar to Joe's is being resolved in favor of discontinuing the ventilator. Emotional havoc could be the result to nurses who care for these patients. Individuals and institutions must begin planning strategies to deal with these and similar ethical dilemmas. Strategies might include anticipatory counseling, ethical decision making education programs and utilization of a nurse trained in ethics as a staff resource person. Nurses should attend and be involved in discussions of institutional ethics committees.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗