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At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Mean ages at parities: an indirect estimation.

"The objective of this paper is to describe an indirect approach for estimating the age patterns of occurrence of birth by parity. The main concern here is not of estimating the frequency of occurrence of births (in a period of time) in relation to the population (birth rate) or in relation to the number of females (fertility). Rather, the focus here is on the ages of first, second, and subsequent births, and on their shifts over time. Essentially, the approach is an extension of Hajnal's method for using proportions single to estimate singulate mean age at marriage...." The approach is illustrated using data from the 1975 Pakistan Fertility Survey and the 1990-1991 Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey. A comment by Sultan S. Hashmi is included (pp. 560-1).

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Indirect estimates and data on migration in Brazil: a conceptual and methodological appraisal of recent census information].

Problems related to the analysis of data from the 1970 and 1980 censuses of Brazil concerning migration are explored. The author first notes that the 1980 census used new methods of data collection that make comparisons with previous censuses difficult. Procedures to overcome these problems are suggested. The inclusion for the first time in 1980 of data on intra-municipal migration is noted. "A procedure is proposed to estimate the intra-municipal migration during the decade, and to add it to estimates of other types of migration, in order to avoid double counting. Internal migration estimates for the 1960s and 1970s are presented for three States (Pernambuco, Minas Gerais [and] Sao Paulo). Special attention is paid to the different concepts implied by estimates obtained through direct and indirect measurement." (summary in ENG)

Americas↗
PubMed1989

[What do age-specific growth rates reveal?].

"This paper summarizes a generalization of the stable population theory pioneered by S. H. Preston and A. J. Coale, and elaborates on a particular case of this generalization suggested by Horiuchi and Preston. Based on the properties of age-specific growth rates to reflect in an indirect manner past population dynamics, an attempt is made to shed light on some aspects of the population history of Bulgaria, which until now have been 'hidden' due to the lack, or the unreliability of the statistical data." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND RUS)

Bulgaria↗
PubMed1987

Past and recent attempts to model mortality at all ages.

"Most laws of mortality are partial in the sense that they apply only to a broad age group and not to all ages. This paper focuses on three laws of mortality that apply to all ages. Two of them were developed by the actuaries Thiele and Wittstein in the late 19th century. The third, developed by Heligman and Pollard, is of recent origin. The three laws are discussed with references to Scandinavian mortality data. The results suggest that the most recently proposed law can be used for generation of model life tables, for making population projections, simulations, and other statistical work where there is a need for a realistic model of human mortality."

Age Factors↗
PubMed1995

Age patterns of child mortality in the developing world.

"This article uses the data from [a] United Nations database, supplemented in a few cases with information from local studies thought to be of particular accuracy, to examine age patterns of child mortality [in developing countries]. The focus is on the split between infant mortality--that is, mortality before the first birthday, and child mortality, between the exact ages of 1 and 5 years.... The underlying objective of the article is to identify regional patterns, both because the epidemiology and social behaviours underlying child mortality are likely to be similar across regions and because such identified patterns could then be used to guide the selection of a model life-table family when using indirect estimation methods in countries of a region."

Cross-Cultural Comparison↗
PubMed1994

[Family reunification and family-formation migration, 1987-1991].

"Indirect estimates were made of family reunification and family formation migration [in the Netherlands], based on such demographic characteristics as nationality, country of birth, age, marital status, year of marriage and family situation after the migration. The estimates are based on the 1992 enumeration from the municipal population registers." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Behavior↗
PubMed2005

Environmental efficiency analysis of China's vegetable production.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze and estimate the environmental efficiency of China's vegetable production. METHODS: The stochastic translog frontier model was used to estimate the technical efficiency of vegetable production. Based on the estimated frontier and technical inefficiency levels, we used the method developed by Reinhard, et al. to estimate the environmental efficiency. Pesticide and chemical fertilizer inputs were treated as environmentally detrimental inputs. RESULTS: From estimated results, the mean environmental efficiency for pesticide input was 69.7%, indicating a great potential for reducing pesticide use in China's vegetable production. In addition, substitution and output elasticities for vegetable farms were estimated to provide farmers with helpful information on how to reallocate input resources and improve efficiency. CONCLUSION: There exists a great potential for reducing pesticide use in China's vegetable production.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1988

Measuring migration distances: self-reporting and indirect methods.

Methods of determining distance covered in migration are discussed. "Two approaches for doing so are simply to ask movers how far they moved or to infer distance from localities of origin and destination. The former has been used in Health Interview Surveys, and the latter is applied to Current Population Surveys; both are national surveys conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau. The two approaches appear to produce consistent results and offer ways of increasing comparability of data and research findings on geographical mobility."

Americas↗