Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Enslavement”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Implications of acidic tumor microenvironment for neoplastic growth and cancer treatment: a computer analysis.

The acidic microenvironment found in most solid tumors appears to be a main regulator for the self-organized development of neoplastic growth and invasion. Induced by mitogenic stimulation and/or oncogenic alterations in their signal transduction network, tumor cells develop an improved capability for acid extrusion. This clamps intracellular pH to slightly alkaline values permissive for growth and proliferation and provides tumor cells with an enhanced resistance against acidic extracellular conditions. Since rapid tumor cell growth under hypoxic conditions is accompanied by glycolytic metabolism, and consequently, acid production, acid export is further enhanced. Local extracellular acidification is facilitated by microcirculatory inadequacy resulting in both reduced buffering capacity and functional heterogeneity inside the tumor. Significant microenvironmental pH gradients promote tumor cell invasion and inhibit the immune response. The scenario is checked by means of a dynamic computer model. The stochastic minimal model supports the hypothesis that acidification of the microenvironment by malignant cells cannot only be regarded as a supplementary side effect of tumor cell metabolism, but rather as a strategic principle to 'enslave' processes normally counteracting neoplastic growth and invasion. The results are discussed with respect to current concept for cancer treatment.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The epidemiology of schizophrenia and other common mental health disorders in the English-speaking Caribbean.

OBJECTIVE: To report on the epidemiology of schizophrenia and other common mental health disorders in the English-speaking Caribbean. METHODS: The MEDLINE, MEDCARIB and West Indiana electronic databases were searched with the phrases Caribbean AND psychiatry OR mental OR suicide, and items with specific reference to epidemiology were culled and reviewed. RESULTS: The age-corrected incidence rate for schizophrenia per 10,000 is 2.09 in Jamaica, 2.2 per 1000 in Trinidad, and 2.92 in Barbados. These rates are lower than the incidence rates reported for white British people, and significantly lower that the 6- to 18-fold higher risk ratio incidence reported for African Caribbeans living in Britain. A comparative diagnostic study carried out in the United Kingdom (UK) suggests that misdiagnosis plays a significant role in this difference. Relatively low incidence figures for affective disorders, anxiety states, suicide and attempted suicide have been reported for Jamaica, Trinidad, and Barbados. DISCUSSION: Most published epidemiological studies of Caribbean populations center on schizophrenia, because of the startling findings of a large increase in risk ratios for African Caribbean people living in England compared to the white native British people. The etiological evidence is shifting toward factors of racism and social alienation experienced by black people in the UK, and to misdiagnosis by white British psychiatrists. Studies of the role of colonial enslavement and social engineering raise the etiological possibility of a role for social and structural community organization in the genesis of schizophrenia. The Caribbean thus represents a rich crucible for research in the epidemiology and etiology of mental health disorders.

Caribbean Region↗
PubMed2000

The Global Traffic in Human Organs1.

Inspired by Sweetness and Power, in which Sidney Mintz traces the colonial and mercantilist routes of enslaving tastes and artificial needs, this paper maps a late-20th-century global trade in bodies, body parts, desires, and invented scarcities. Organ transplant takes place today in a transnational space with surgeons, patients, organ donors, recipients, brokers, and intermediaries-some with criminal connections-following new paths of capital and technology in the global economy. The stakes are high, for the technologies and practices of transplant surgery have demonstrated their power to reconceptualize the human body and the relations of body parts to the whole and to the person and of people and bodies to each other. The phenomenal spread of these technologies and the artificial needs, scarcities, and new commodities (i.e., fresh organs) that they inspire-especially within the context of a triumphant neoliberalism-raise many issues central to anthropology's concern with global dominations and local resistances, including the reordering of relations between individual bodies and the state, between gifts and commodities, between fact and rumor, and between medicine and magic in postmodernity.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1975

[Data on animal husbandry and veterinary medicine in the middle of the 17th century in Bulgaria and neighboring countries based on a journey by Evliia Chelebi].

It has been established that Evliya Chelebby's travel notes contain valuable information about veterinary medicine. Evliya Chelebby himself was a Turkish traveller who had made a number of journeys throughout Bulgaria and its adjacent countries over the 1651-1655 period. According to the data found in these notes the ruined fortresses round the cities were used as folds for sheep and goats. During that period sheep-breeding was flourishing. Horse-breeding was concentrated in the various estates belonging to the Sultan, and was intended to supply the needs of the army and the administration. Information is also contained about the physiotherapy practised at that time on the territory of the enslaved peoples on the Balkan peninsula. Popular were the balneotherapy, mud-cure, spending the summer time up in the mountains, the alternation of warm and cold water procedures known as Scottish shower, etc. These procedures were likewise used in the treatment of domestic animals.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The buzz on buzz.

Word-of-mouth promotion has become an increasingly potent force, capable of catapulting products from obscurity into runaway commercial successes. Harry Potter, collapsible scooters, the Chrysler PT Cruiser, and The Blair Witch Project are all recent examples of the considerable power of buzz. Yet many top executives and marketing managers are misinformed about the phenomenon and remain enslaved to some common myths. In her article, author Renée Dye explores the truth behind these myths. Myth 1: Only outrageous or edgy products are buzz-worthy. That's simply not true. The most unlikely products, like prescription drugs, can generate tremendous buzz. Myth 2: Buzz just happens. Not so, says Dye. Buzz is increasingly the result of shrewd marketing tactics in which companies seed a vanguard group, ration supplies, use celebrity endorsements, leverage the power of lists, and initiate grassroots marketing. Myth 3: The best buzz-starters are your best customers. Often, a counterculture has a greater ability to start buzz. Myth 4: To profit from buzz, you must act first and fast. In fact, copycat companies can reap substantial profits if they know when and when not to jump in. Myth 5: The media and advertising are needed to create buzz. When used either too early or too much, the media and advertising can squelch buzz before it ignites. As globalization and brand proliferation continue, writes Dye, buzz may come to dominate the shaping of markets. Indeed, companies that are unable to control buzz may soon find the phenomenon controlling them.

Advertising↗
PubMed1992

Anaïs Nin and the developmental use of the creative process.

Anaïs Nin had the capacity to work through the wound of self-injury through the combination of poetic and analytic exploration demonstrated in her writing. She recreated her father, and confronted the fallacies of her idealization, as well as the suppressed anger that kept her enslaved in wishes for his mirroring admiration. There was no escape from injury for Nin. After the father's departure, she scrutinized herself for flaws, trying to discover a reason for her father's betrayal. Yet, the humiliation was modified by some knowledge of the narcissistic bind that she was in, and by some evidence that her father was unworthy of the kind of worship that she clung to from childhood. Nin transcends retaliation. Her fictional abandonment of her father does not come from vindictiveness. Rather, it comes through growing insight into herself and into her own needs. There is a letting-go of past fantasies of idealization, and a mourning process that is based on both awareness and acceptance of the disappointments in these idealized fantasies. Separation and loss stem from surrendering the fusion with the idealized object and its counterpart grandiose self, a grandiose self seen here as a false self that exists through resonating with image projections and their reflections.

Creativity↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The study of tool use as the way for general estimation of cognitive abilities in animals].

Investigation of tool use is an effective way to determine cognitive abilities of animals. This approach raises hypotheses, which delineate limits of animal's competence in understanding of objects properties and interrelations and the influence of individual and social experience on their behaviour. On the basis of brief review of different models of manipulation with objects and tools manufacturing (detaching, subtracting and reshaping) by various animals (from elephants to ants) in natural conditions the experimental data concerning tool usage was considered. Tool behaviour of anumals could be observed rarely and its distribution among different taxons is rather odd. Recent studies have revealed that some species (for instance, bonobos and tamarins) which didn't manipulate tools in wild life appears to be an advanced tool users and even manufacturers in laboratory. Experimental studies of animals tool use include investigation of their ability to use objects physical properties, to categorize objects involved in tool activity by its functional properties, to take forces affecting objects into account, as well as their capacity of planning their actions. The crucial question is whether animals can abstract general principles of relations between objects regardless of the exact circumstances, or they develop specific associations between concerete things and situations. Effectiveness of laboratory methods is estimated in the review basing on comparative studies of tool behaviour, such as "support problem", "stick problem", "tube- and tube-trap problem", and "reserve tube problem". Levels of social learning, the role of imprinting, and species-specific predisposition to formation of specific domains are discussed. Experimental investigation of tool use allows estimation of the individuals' intelligence in populations. A hypothesis suggesting that strong predisposition to formation of specific associations can serve as a driving force and at the same time as obstacle to animals' activity is discussed. In several "technically gifted" species (such as woodpecker finches, New Caledonian crows, and chimpanzees) tool use seems to be guided by a rapid process of trial and error learning. Individuals that are predisposed to learn specific connections do this too quickly and thus become enslaved by stereotypic solutions of raising problems.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2006

Knowledge and attitude of youth (ages 15-25 years) to HIV/AIDS and to routine HIV screening.

BACKGROUND: AIDS is still an incurable disease and is very costly to control. Since the first case of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) in Nigeria was reported in 1986, the human immune deficiency virus (HIV) infection has attained epidemic proportion. In an effort to control this rapid spread, certain preventive measures have been developed. In spite of these and the campaigns to control it, the knowledge and attitudes of youths towards HIV/AIDS leaves much to be desired. OBJECTIVE: To determine knowledge and attitude of youths (15 - 25 years) of HIV/AIDS and to Routine HIV Screening. STUDY DESIGN: The study was cross-sectional. SETTING: The study was carried out at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria, between January and December 2003. RESULTS: Five thousand three hundred and twenty STUDY POPULATION: The knowledge and attitude of youths (15 - 25 years) of HIV/AIDS and to routine HIV screening was assessed, using anonymous questionnaires, among 9500 respondents, 4950 males and 4550 females. 5750 respondents were from the University of Benin with a population of 20,000 students while 3750 were from some of the Secondary Schools (post primary Schools) randomly selected in Benin City, Nigeria. The University of Benin Teaching Hospital where the work was done is adjacent to the University of Benin. The Secondary Schools selected where the work was done were within a radius of 20 kilometers of the Teaching Hospital and were 5 in numbers with average of 750 students selected per school. Subjects (56%) indicated that they have heard about HIV/AIDS, 4180 (44%) had no knowledge of HIV/AIDS at all. 2240 of 5320 (42.1%) had some knowledge; 1593 (29.9%) had adequate knowledge and only 1487 (28.0%) had sufficient knowledge. 6365 (67%) did not believe it exists and as a result they are not bothered by it. 825 of the 3750 secondary school students had multiple sexual partners. Majority had single partners for those who had at all. While among the University students 2990 (52%) had multiple sexual partners, while others had between one and two sexual partners. Only 36210 (38%) believe it is real and a killer disease frightened about it and are already changing their sexual behaviours; 1900 (20%) believe it is a western propaganda to enslave the developing world. Three thousand nine hundred and ninety respondents (42%) would agree to routine HIV screening and 5510 (58%) would not agree to routine screening. The reasons adduced for rejecting routine HIV screening included psychological trauma, not necessarily high cost of and lack of anti-retroviral drugs, infringement on fundamental human rights, fear of living with positive screening, stigmatization and victimization at place of work if positive. CONCLUSION: Intensive massive awareness campaign through Radio, Televisions jingles and education about HIV/AIDS of the population is recommended to alter their current negative attitude to routine HIV testing and increase their knowledge about HIV/AIDS and perhaps help to change their sexual behaviours.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1979

[Women and their grud habits.].

This work explores the specific relationship in Quebec between prescribed drugs and the users looking particularly into the habits of absorption of women. The data compiled by the Health Insurance Office show no difference in the ratio of prescribed drugs between men and women. The author, in interpreting these results states the recipients of this program of health insurance do not represent the total population of Quebec. Also, the statistics of a treatment center for drug addicts in Montreal show that most of the treated women abuse the tranquilizers and hypnotic-sedatives obtained through a medical prescription. At last, statistics from a treatment center for alcoolics show that two thirds of admitted women use both alcohol and tranquilizers and for hypnotic sedatives prescribed by doctors compared to 13% of men enslaved by this double use.

English Abstract↗
PubMed1991

Biomedical technology: to use or not to use?

The past 30 years have seen tremendous advances in biomedical technology that have changed dramatically the practice of medicine in general, of neonatology in particular. All changes have not been for the best, however. The price tag has been especially steep, but there have been adverse effects on the quality of medicine as well. The reasons we rely on high technology, its risks and pitfalls, and our future handling of decisions regarding using or not using biotechnology deserve careful consideration, including financial factors that physicians have been loath traditionally to address. If the medical profession is to avoid becoming enslaved to technology, our future decisions must be better informed, more rational, and based on more scientific facts than they have been in the past. Above all, physicians must avoid becoming mere technicians at the expense of the traditional humanistic approach to patient care.

Documentation↗
PubMed1989

Why not a general right to health care?

Common objections to a right to health care reflect questionable assumptions about the nature of rights, power, illness, inequality, and money. A right to health care can be based on other more general rights to life, liberty, and health, as well as on considerations of equality and the medical profession's professed moral commitments. However based, it need not "enslave" or coerce physicians and nurses, nor force us to sacrifice other social goods. But consensus is unlikely except on specific rights to certain kinds of health care.

Health Services Accessibility↗
PubMed1987

Temperature-compensated ultradian rhythms in lower eukaryotes: timers for cell cycles and circadian events?

During the cell cycles of synchronous cultures of several different yeasts and protozoa, oscillations in the rate of respiration and of total cellular protein content have been demonstrated. Energy supply (from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation) and energy demand (biosynthetic reactions, especially protein accumulation) are closely coupled oscillating systems. Phase correspondence between O2 consumption rates, intracellular ADP pool size, and total cellular protein indicates that it is energetic demand that determines mitochondrial activity (respiratory control in vivo). The dynamics of the coupled oscillators indicate that the rate-determining control circuit operates on a time scale expected of epigenetic reactions (transcription and translation). Thus the energy-yielding reactions are enslaved to the slower time constants of biosynthesis. Temperature compensation indicates a timing function, and a common phase reference point makes subcycles commensurate with the cell cycle. It is suggested that cell-cycle timing, by counting subcycles in growing cells, may become dominated by circadian control in slowly growing natural populations and that the same subcycles may be used for circadian timekeeping. The discontinuous nature of growth suggests extensive and rapid turnover of macromolecular cell components organized in alternating temporal compartments of biosynthetic and degradative processes, reminding us that "Structures are slow processes of long duration, functions are quick processes of short duration" (von Bertalanffy).

Activity Cycles↗
PubMed1977

Destructive cultism.

Bizarre cults harmful to the physical and emotional health of adolescents, young adults and their families have been increasing in our society. Destructive cultism is a distinct syndrome. It includes behavioral and personality changes, loss of personal identity, cessation of scholastic activities, estrangement from family, disinterest in society and pronounced mental control and enslavement by cult leaders. Management of this sociopathic problem requires confrontation, rehabilitation, sociologic, psychotherapeutic and general medical measures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Listening to Narcissus (when words alone do not suffice ...).

In the myth of Narcissus on which it is based, the author argues, narcissism is not a mere infatuation with one's self-image, but at once the fear of and the withdrawal from the apprehended power, possession and desire of the other. In the analysis of a survivor of the Holocaust, after a very long period of unspoken transference, an archaic and violent transference ultimately emerges in which the absolute fright before the risks of passivity and enslavement hinders the desperate search for the object. In order to avoid an impasse, the analyst must engage in more active listening and interpretations by anticipation. The analysis of narcissistic pain requires not that the narcissistic and the object relations perspectives stand in isolation from each other either in time or in theory, but that their intertwining be perceived and interpreted.

Concentration Camps↗
PubMed1998

Challenge of goodness: twelve humanitarian proposals based on the experience of 1991-1995 wars in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Based on the 1991-1995 war experience of peoples of Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, I made twelve proposals regarding the following aspects of health, humanitarian work, and human rights: 1. Broadening of the WHO definition of health by including spiritual well-being (absence of hatred) in it, 2. Inclusion of the term genocide into the Index Medicus (MeSH), 3. Establishment of concepts of prevention of hate, 4. Right to a home, 5. Right of civilians to participate in defense and renewal, 6. Right to deliberation from enslavement and right to find out the fate of missing persons, 7. Global hospital, 8. Monitoring of prisoner-of-war camps, 9. Refugee camps, 10. Providing of care for the abandoned - a new category of people suffering in war, 11. Introduction of the Helping Hand concept, 12. Organization of the Red Cross Forum after the cessation of hostilities. The fundamental objective was to establish the legitimacy of honesty in practice, regulative social mechanisms, and science.

Bosnia and Herzegovina↗