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PubMed2003

Prevalence of arthritis and associated joint disorders in an employed population and the associated healthcare, sick leave, disability, and workers' compensation benefits cost and productivity loss of employers.

Arthritis is a common condition among the working population in the United States. Despite its high prevalence, the total cost of arthritis from the employer perspective has not been fully evaluated. This study quantifies the employer cost for additional health care, absence, disability, productivity, and workers' compensation costs related to arthritis and associated joint disorders (AJD) for a large sample of employees over 4 years. Results showed that AJD affected 15.5% of the employee population at some time. After adjusting for confounding factors, employees with AJD had significantly higher costs for health care ($998), prescription drug ($195), absence ($84), short-term disability ($184), long-term disability ($54), and workers' compensation ($287); totaling $1802. Adjusted productivity output was 4% lower for the AJD group, equal to $7454 in lost revenue (P < .05). Implications for an aging workforce are also discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Attitudes of major employers toward the employment of people with epilepsy: a 30-year study.

Beginning in 1956, major San Francisco Bay area employers were sampled at 10-year intervals for a 30-year period to assess attitudes toward the employment of epileptic workers. In this time, we documented a trend of sustained positive change that appears to validate the efforts of organizations that have focused on raising public awareness of this disorder.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed2004

Low-Income workers with employer-sponsored insurance: who's at risk when employer coverage is no longer an option?

A firm's decision to drop the offer of employer-sponsored insurance (ESI), reduce eligibility for ESI, or significantly increase employee costs would have serious implications for the health insurance status of currently covered low-income workers. The authors find that at least a third of currently covered low-income workers do not have affordable insurance options outside of the group market. Furthermore, a simulation analysis shows that 54 percent of those workers would become uninsured if their employers were to drop ESI. This would result in an additional 1 million uninsured adults if 10 percent of low-income workers lost their ESI offer, and at least 350,000 uninsured adults if 10 percent of workers in firms with fewer than 100 employees (the firms most likely to drop coverage) lost their ESI. The authors also find that expanding public programs to cover low-income workers would reduce the high uninsurance rate by half, but substantial minorities would remain uninsured.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Benefits and costs of supported employment: an analysis of the Illinois Supported Employment Project.

This investigation presents a cost-benefit analysis completed for one of 27 states implementing supported employment as a result of federal funding. Based upon the benefits and costs detailed, society realized a $0.75 return for every $1.00 invested in supported employment in Illinois. Supported employees realized a 37% increase in their earnings over a comparable period. The results of this study are discussed and recommendations are made for similar analyses across states.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
PubMed1994

Attestations by facilities using nonimmigrant aliens as registered nurses--Employment and Training Administration and Employment Standards Administration, Labor--Final rule and amendment and announcement of effective date.

On January 6, 1994, the Employment and Training Administration (ETA) and the Wage and Hour Division of the Employment Standards Administration of the Department of Labor published final regulations governing the filing and enforcement of attestations by health care facilities seeking to use the services of nonimmigrant aliens as registered nurses under H-1A visas. At that time, ETA submitted the information collection requirements to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980. This document amends the January 6, 1994, Federal Register document to display the OMB control numbers and announces the effective date for the sections containing information collection requirements for which OMB approval has been received.

Documentation↗
PubMed2003

Reporting by multiple employer welfare arrangements and certain other entities that offer or provide coverage for medical care to the employees of two or more employers. Final rule.

This document contains a final rule governing certain reporting requirements under Title I of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA) for multiple employer welfare arrangements (MEWAs) and certain other entities that offer or provide coverage for medical care to the employees of two or more employers. The final rule generally requires the administrator of a MEWA, and certain other entities, to file a form with the Secretary of Labor for the purpose of determining whether the requirements of certain recent health care laws are being met.

Health Benefit Plans, Employee↗
PubMed1990

Transition of persons with developmental disability from extended sheltered employment to competitive employment.

The proposition was tested that persons with developmental disabilities randomly assigned to a supported work program would obtain more employment in the competitive labor market than would a randomly assigned group of control subjects receiving conventional workshop services. A measure of association (chi-square) conducted between the two groups and three categories of work showed that the experimental group obtained significantly more employment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Placement into nonsheltered employment: findings from national employment surveys.

Data from two (1984-1985 and 1985-1986) national surveys of facilities providing vocational services to adults with developmental disabilities were used to analyze employment placement patterns and client-referenced outcomes. Most of these adults were working in sheltered environments; however, 17 to 19% of those served were placed into nonsheltered settings during the respective survey periods. Effects of individual and environmental characteristics on a variety of individual and facility-level employment outcomes were examined. Research and policy implications were discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Vision impairment and handicap: The RVIB Employment Survey. The Steering Committee for the RVIB Employment Survey.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the association between type of vision impairment and disability and the handicap or impact of vision loss on functioning. METHODS: Participants were interviewed for the Royal Victorian Institute for the Blind Employment Survey, and asked to self-report whether totally blind or not (vision impaired). Causes of visual impairment were also reported. Eyesight was rated on a scale from 0 (completely blind) to 10 (best possible eyesight). Difficulty with mobility, personal care, household activities, work and hobbies and social interactions were also rated. Participants with vision impairment also rated their level of disability in reading and seeing other people's reactions using the same scale. RESULTS: Of the 250 participants, 39 self-reported total blindness. Participants with vision impairment experienced greater levels of difficulty in almost all areas than people who self-reported total blindness. People with vision impairment due to glaucoma and macular degeneration reported significantly more difficulty with reading newspapers, while there was a borderline significant relationship between difficulty with seeing people's reactions and macular degeneration. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, we found that difficulty associated with everyday tasks was greater than might be expected from self-report of vision. This study confirms the need for visual function tools to supplement the use of objective visual acuity measurements in people with vision impairment.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1999

Pre-employment screening and applicants' attitudes toward an employment opportunity.

In an experimental simulation with Israeli participants, the author examined the influence of two aspects of pre-employment screening (duration of screening and type of testing) on applicants' attitudes toward a recruitment effort and toward a potential job. Testing that lasted longer led to more favorable attitudes. The participants considered knowledge testing, compared with personality testing, more job related, less invasive of privacy, and less sensitive to the amount of time spent testing.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Employment of deaf people as influenced by potential employers' perceptions: pathological compared with sociocultural perspectives.

Two basic perspectives contrast how people perceive deafness: the pathological and sociocultural perspectives. The pathological perspective focuses on the medical issues related to hearing impairment. The sociocultural perspective views deafness as a cultural difference. This study investigated whether these perspectives influenced assessments of deaf job candidates in a mock hiring scenario. Undergraduates were given information supporting either the pathological or sociocultural perspectives. They later rated deaf and hearing job candidates who were presented as having identical qualifications. The hypothesis was not supported in this study; the experiment did not significantly alter the views of future prospective employers. Also, education about the deaf culture did not appear to have an impact on deaf and hearing relations.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Assessing the burden of disease among an employed population: implications for employer-sponsored prevention programs.

Escalating healthcare costs have led employers to identify ways to assess the actual burden of disease among their employees. One such measure is the use of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). DALYs were calculated for the General Motors (GM) population for 1994 through 1998 using data from GM's Mortality Registry, published life tables, and age- and sex-specific disease incidence and disability data from the U.S. Burden of Disease Study. Chronic diseases accounted for 45% (245,844 of 540,450) of total DALYs lost. Ischemic heart disease, stroke, lung cancer, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease led the list for both men and women and accounted for 39% and 31%, respectively, of the top 10 DALYs lost. Disease burden among employees could be reduced through targeted interventions aimed at the risk factors associated with the leading causes of DALYs.

Cost of Illness↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Employment and diabetes: a survey of the prevalence of diabetic workers known by occupational physicians, and the restrictions placed on diabetic workers in employment.

A postal survey of occupational physicians identified a prevalence of known diabetes among workers of 7.5 per 1000. The prevalence of insulin-treated diabetes was 2.6 per 1000 and of other diabetes was 4.9 per 1000. The figure for insulin-treated diabetes is lower than expected from population studies. The restrictions placed on diabetic workers in employment include shift-work, heights, dangerous areas, driving, civil aviation, emergency teams, offshore oil work, and work overseas. Certain companies within the chemical, oil, steel, confectionery, and drinks industries had lower than expected numbers of diabetic workers and merit further detailed study.

Diabetes Mellitus↗
PubMed1996

The challenge of an aging work force: keeping older workers employed and employable.

This article reviews labor-force trends and older-worker employment policies in Japan and the United States. Both countries have aging work forces, but Japan's labor force is and for some time has been older than that of the United States. Japan's Ministry of Labor began addressing older-worker issues over 30 years ago and in the ensuing years has promulgated numerous initiatives to extend working life. Mandatory retirement, however, remains both legal and common in Japan, yet labor-force participation rates are higher for older persons in that country than in the United States, where mandatory retirement is illegal. Japan's older-worker programs and policies clearly seem to have an impact on labor-force rates, although those rates are dropping among the elderly in Japan as well as in the United States. The transferability of these programs and policies to the United States is discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

What issues should be considered when negotiating an employment contract? Employment contracts for CRNAs: protecting yourself amid the new economic realities.

Severe imbalances in the supply and demand for nurse anesthesia services are giving CRNAs a new and substantial economic worth in the health care provider marketplace. As a result, CRNAs are using written employment contracts increasingly to delineate their scope of practice, limit their liability, and protect their new economic value. This article discusses basic points that every anesthetist should consider in negotiating such contracts. Practical suggestions are offered for conducting negotiations as both an employee and independent contractor.

Contract Services↗
PubMed1991

Pre-employment back injury screening. The employer's crystal ball.

A properly designed pre-employment screening process can prevent unnecessary headaches for the EMS provider and service alike. This article describes various back-screening processes that can help determine whether an EMS responder is at risk of injury.

Back Injuries↗