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At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Choice reaction time of elbow flexion and extension during passive elbow motions.

The effect of passive elbow motions on electromyographic reaction times (EMG-RTs) of the biceps brachii for elbow flexion and the triceps for elbow extension was investigated in 8 normal subjects, using a choice-RT task, in which the subject was uncertain about the response direction to perform until the arrival of response signal after the passive motion started. Compared to the static condition, choice EMG-RTs shortened only when the direction of passive and response movements was the same. It seems that passive motions act as prior information on direction of movement in the choice-RT task.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

The effect of elbow angle on the isometric strength and endurance of the elbow flexors in men and women.

Ten male and ten female volunteers served as subjects in these experiments to determine the effect of elbow angle on isometric strength of the biceps muscles and on the ability to sustain an isometric tension to fatigue (endurance). As reported by others, we found that for each individual, there existed one elbow angle at which he or she could exert his greatest isometric strength. When maintaining an absolute work load to fatigue, exercise at this angle resulted in the longest endurance; in contrast, endurance was the same at any work load relative to the maximum strength for a given elbow angle.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Debridement arthroplasty for advanced primary osteoarthritis of the elbow. Results of a new technique used for 29 elbows.

We report the technique and results of a new method of debridement arthroplasty for advanced primary osteoarthritis of the elbow. Triceps and the periosteum of the olecranon are reflected towards the ulnar side and the joint is opened by dividing the radial collateral ligament. Osteophytes are removed, the olecranon and coronoid fossae are deepened and the fibrosed anterior joint capsule is excised. The degenerative changes are always more advanced on the radial side, with erosion of the capitellum, and it is usually necessary to remodel the head of the radius. In 29 elbows reviewed at a mean of 64 months, the average gain of range of motion was 34 degrees, with good pain relief and improved grip in most patients. Two elbows required reoperation but there were no other serious complications.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

MR arthrography of elbow: evaluation of the ulnar collateral ligament of elbow.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injury of the elbow in throwing athletes by MRI and MR arthrography. DESIGN: Ten elbows of throwing athletes were examined on both plain MRI and MR saline arthrography and the injuries subsequently surgically proven. Spin-echo (SE) T1-weighted and fast SE T2-weighted coronal images were obtained. RESULTS: The UCL was unclear in all ten cases on T1-weighted MRI. In five cases an avulsion fracture was also found on T1-weighted MRI. On T2-weighted MRI, abnormal high-intensity areas were identified in or around the UCL. On T2-weighted MR arthrography images, extracapsular high-intensity areas, which represent extracapsular leakage, were found in four of five cases with avulsion fracture. At surgery, all these four cases showed avulsion fractures with instability; the other case had a fracture but it was stable and adherent to the humerus. On T2-weighted MR arthrography images, an extracapsular high-intensity area was found in one of the five cases without avulsion fracture. At surgery this patient had a complete tear of the UCL itself. CONCLUSION: MR arthrography provided additional information for evaluating the degree of UCL injury.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Results of total elbow arthroplasty as a salvage procedure for failed elbow reconstructive operations.

Total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) was used as a salvage procedure following failed open reduction and internation fixation, failed triaxial arthroplasties, and septic and aseptic loosening of implant arthroplasty. A minimally constrained bicondylar implant with a block to disarticulation was substituted for the reconstruction of 20 revision TEAs. Custom-designed implant TEA was substituted in cases with substantial bony or soft tissue loss. Revision of the polyethylene-bearing component, coupled with the addition of a yolk-type locking mechanism, was implanted when only the bearing system of a well-fixed implant had failed. TEA can be performed successfully with satisfactory durability as a revision procedure. Revision of failed open reduction internal fixation or a failed bearing system was highly successful. Revision of previously infected elbows in a single-stage procedure was unsuccessful in two of three cases and has been abandoned in favor of a staged procedure. A revision of loose TEA was successful in only three of five cases. Further investigations are necessary to improve the function durability of TEA.

Arthroplasty↗
PubMed1974

A humeral replacement prosthesis for the elbow: results in ten elbows.

A stainless-steel or titanium prosthetic replacement for the trochlea and capitellum was developed and used in ten elbows, five with post-traumatic lesions, three with rheumatoid arthritis, and two with ankylosis secondary to hemophilia. After followups of from one to seven years, the results were found to be unpredictable or poor in the patients with inflammatory arthritis or hemophilia, while a stable, painless elbow with a functional range of motion was achieved in four of the five patients with post-traumatic lesions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Total elbow allograft for twice-failed total elbow arthroplasty. A case report.

A successful case of total elbow allograft after removal of a twice-failed total elbow prosthesis is reported. The patient, a disabled 63 year old at the time of allograft implantation, can now perform all activities of daily living, including household chores. Both the humeral and ulnar allografts have incorporated, and there is no evidence of degenerative changes or allograft resorption two years nine months postoperatively.

Bone Transplantation↗
PubMed1980

The synergy of elbow extensor muscles during dynamic work in man. II. Braking of elbow flexion.

The muscular synergy between the elbow extensors was studied during the braking of voluntary elbow flexion performed in a horizontal plane at various velocities and inertias. The braking of movements performed at very low velocity is effected by passive viscoelastic forces. For higher velocities there exists a chronology of muscular activities which depends on both velocity and inertia. From the characteristics of this muscular chronology it is inferred that: 1. The anconeus plays an important role in braking slow movements. 2. The motor output is distributed separately to the motoneurons of each muscle. The muscular activity patterns are of three distinct types. The agonist-antagonist timing is correlated with velocity and inertia. Its dependence on reciprocal inhibition mechanisms is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Total elbow arthroplasty in primary osteoarthritis of the elbow.

Primary osteoarthritis of the elbow is an infrequent condition typically managed by some form of debridement. There is no comment in the literature regarding prosthetic replacement for this condition. We report 5 patients (mean age, 68), with a minimum assessment of 3 years (range, 37-125 years) after total elbow arthroplasty. Complications in 4 patients included subluxation, fracture of a humeral component with particulate synovitis, heterotopic ossification, recurrent osteophyte formation, and transient ulnar neuropathy. Although revision was required in 2 of the 5, currently all experience had satisfactory outcomes. While replacement has proven ultimately to be a successful option for this high-demand patient group because of the high complication rate, we do not recommend replacement unless alternate operative options are deemed unacceptable.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Grip force reduction in patients with tennis elbow: influence of elbow position.

Grip force was measured in 55 consecutive patients with chronic tennis elbow. Grip force was markedly reduced at the pathological side, but there was also a striking reduction of the grip force at the pathological side when the grip force was measured with a straight elbow, compared with the standard position of 90 degrees flexion. This reduction was highly significant at the pathological side but not at the normal control side.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Surgery for rheumatoid arthritis of the elbow: a comparison of radial-head excision and synovectomy with total elbow replacement.

The results of total elbow replacement (TER) in 45 elbows of 38 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were compared with results of radial head excision with synovectomy (RHES) in 45 age-matched patients treated in the same unit. The groups were similar with respect to duration of disease and preoperative clinical status, although pain was of longer duration and slightly more severe in the TER group. Failure was defined as the onset of moderate or severe pain after surgery or revision surgery for any reason. Reduction in pain was greater after TER than after RHES (P < .05). Recurrence of pain was common after RHES but was not seen after TER. Movement increased by a similar amount in each group. Complications were more frequent and more serious after TER (4 dislocations, 4 ulnar nerve dysfunctions, 1 significant wound breakdown) than after RHES (2 ulnar nerve dysfunctions, 1 transient wound discharge). Complications after TER were most common in patients who had previous RHES. On survival analysis, TER results were better than RHES results in each successive year. Cumulative survival rates at 10 years were 85% for TER and 69% for RHES, but the difference in rates was not statistically significant. In the medium term, TER relieves pain more reliably than RHES and its use is justified despite the greater risk of complications. In view of the paucity of long-term results for TER, RHES may retain a role in younger patients or in those whose symptoms are related mainly to the radiohumeral joint.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1990

Controlled trial of an elbow support ('Epitrain') in patients with acute painful conditions of the elbow: a pilot study.

A randomized, controlled, parallel-group study was undertaken to assess the clinical efficacy of a new elbow support ('Epitrain') compared with a standard elasticated tubular stockinette support ('Tubigrip') in 35 patients with acute painful elbow disorders. On entry, patients had a clinical examination, including measurement of the range of active and passive movement of the affected joint, and were allocated to one or other treatment group (19 to 'Epitrain', 16 to control). All patients were allowed to take 1g paracetamol up to 4-times daily if necessary for the control of pain. Assessments were made daily by patients, using visual analogue scales, of their pain levels at rest, at night and on activity, and of the limitation of their activity. Details were also recorded of their ability to work normally. At the end of the 14-day study period, patients were re-examined by the doctor and were asked for an overall assessment of their response to treatment. Analysis of data from the daily diary records showed progressive, significant reductions to zero in scores for all the pain and the activity criteria in the 'Epitrain' group during the first 7 to 9 days; thereafter, this improvement was maintained. In contrast, the reductions in symptom scores in the control group were much smaller, confined to the first 3 to 5 days, with little further improvement. The median times taken for reduction of symptom scores to 10% of initial levels were at least 14 days for all four visual analogue scale assessments in the control group. In contrast, a 90% reduction occurred in the 'Epitrain' group in a median time of 6.5 days for rest pain (p less than 0.01), 7 days for night pain (p less than 0.01), 8 days for pain on activity (p less than 0.01) and 9 days for limitation of activity (p less than 0.02). The mean range of active joint movement improved from 80 degrees to 141 degrees in the 'Epitrain' group, but only from 83 degrees to 98 degrees in the control group (p less than 0.0002). Similar results were obtained for passive joint movement. Overall, 13 (68%) of the 19 patients in the 'Epitrain' group were described as 'cured' as compared with 2 (13%) of the 16 patients in the control group (p less than 0.02).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed2006

The Unilateral Below Elbow Test: a function test for children with unilateral congenital below elbow deficiency.

The Unilateral Below Elbow Test (UBET) was developed to evaluate function in bimanual activities for both the prosthesis wearer and non-wearer. Nine tasks were chosen for each of four age-specific categories defined by development stages of hand function (2-4y, 5-7y, 8-10y, and 11-21y). Two scales, Completion of Task and Method of Use, were designed to rate performance. To measure reliability, four occupational therapists scored samples of videotaped UBET performances. For Completion of Task, an interval scale, agreement in scoring was measured with interclass correlation coefficients (ICC; n=9; five females, four males). For Method of Use, a nominal scale, chance-adjusted association was calculated with Cohen's kappa coefficients (interobserver n=198; 111 females, 87 males; intraobserver n=93; 56 females, 37 males). For Completion of Task, the average ICC was 0.87 for the prosthesis-on condition, and 0.85 for the prosthesis-off condition. ICCs exceeded 0.80 for eight out of nine tasks for the two older age groups, but for only five out of nine tasks in the younger age groups. Higher inter- and intraobserver kappa coefficients for Method of Use resulted when scoring children with their prostheses on versus off. The oldest age group had lower kappa values than the other three groups. The UBET is recommended for the functional evaluation of Completion of Task in children with unilateral congenital below elbow deficiency with and without their prostheses. Method of Use scoring can evaluate individuals for directed therapy interventions or prosthetic training.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1992

Elbow tendinosis/tennis elbow.

The histology of pathologic tennis elbow tissue reveals noninflammatory tissue, thus the term angio-fibroblastic tendinosis. The goal of nonsurgical treatment is a revascularization and collagen repair of this pathologic tissue by rehabilitative exercise. In the event of rehabilitation failure, surgical correction by removal of this pathologic tissue is the surgical technique of choice.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1995

Muscle activation in the elbow-forearm complex during rapid elbow extension.

Normal human subjects performed extensions of the elbow from an initial position to a visually defined target as rapidly and accurately as possible at different angular amplitudes (9 degrees-54 degrees) and at a constant amplitude (36 degrees) under various additional instructions. Joint angle, angular acceleration, and electromyograms (EMGs) from agonist (triceps lateralis), antagonist (biceps), and antebrachial muscles were recorded. EMGs of the antagonistic muscles showed reciprocal activation of the first triceps, and then the biceps, which was followed by the second triceps activation and coactivation of both muscles. Movement amplitude changed the reciprocal activation, whereas the coactivation was unaltered. Additional instructions changed the coactivation in amplitude, initiation, and termination, whereas the reciprocal activation was relatively preserved. Under these conditions, EMGs of antebrachial muscles were always linked with the coactivation in amplitude and timing but not with the reciprocal activation. The linkage suggests that antebrachial muscle activation serves as an indicator of the coactivation. From the indicator, we infer that the coactivation initiates from the beginning of the rapid movements and changes during the dynamic movement phase.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Elbow tendinopathy: tennis elbow.

The pathoanatomy of overuse tendinopathy is noninflammatory angiofibroblastic tendinosis. The areas of elbow abnormality are specific, including the ECRB-EDC complex laterally, the pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis medially, and triceps posteriorly. The goals of nonoperative treatment are to revitalize the unhealthy pain-producing tendinosis tissue. The key to nonoperative treatment is rehabilitative resistance exercise with progression of the exercise program. If rehabilitation fails, the surgical interventions as described are highly successful.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Survivorship of the Souter-Strathclyde elbow replacement in the young inflammatory arthritis elbow.

We divided 309 patients with an inflammatory arthritis who had undergone primary elbow replacement using the Souter-Strathclyde implant into two groups according to their age. The mean follow-up in the older group (mean age 64 years) was 7.3 years while in the younger patients (mean age 42 years) it was 12 years. Survivorship for three different failure end-points (revision, revision because of aseptic loosening of the humeral component, and gross loosening of the humeral implant), was compared in both groups. Our findings showed that there was no significant difference in the incidence of loosening when young rheumatoid patients were compared with an older age group.

Adult↗