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PubMed2006

Resident education regarding technical aspects of cesarean section.

OBJECTIVE: To survey obstetric/gynecologic residents around the country regarding different technical aspects of and indications for cesarean section, trends in vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) and patient choice of cesarean. STUDY DESIGN: A questionnaire was designed to address the above issues and selected demographic information. The questionnaire was sent by e-mail to all the residency programs in the country. The first 400 responses were analyzed. RESULTS: Although a midline vertical incision is considered faster for entry into the abdomen, 77% of residents use a Pfannenstiel incision for urgent/emergency cesarean sections. Fifty-five percent of respondents use single-layer closure of the uterine incision, 37% use double-layer closure, while 11% use single-layer closure only in patients undergoing concomitant sterilization. When questioned regarding a trial of labor, one-third of respondents stated that they would not induce labor in patients with a prior cesarean if the patients did not go into labor spontaneously but offer repeat cesarean for fear of a uterine rupture. Further, 42% said that they would never offer VBAC for an undocumented scar, 12% would and 45% would depending on the history. Regarding the issue of cesarean section by patient request, 94% would not offer an elective cesarean section for uncomplicated primigravidas, while 6% would. However, if a well-informed patient desired an elective cesarean delivery, the majority of residents would respect the patient's request. CONCLUSION: There is wide variation in the way residents are trained regarding different technical aspects of and indications for cesarean section, choice of repeat cesarean versus VBAC and patient choice of cesarean. Recent trends in the literature are not always reflected in reported practice patterns.

Cesarean Section↗
PubMed2006

[Nurses' conceptualization on childbirth preparation].

Descriptive, exploratory and qualitative study, carried out through the Delphi Technique, with a sample of 32 obstetrics specialist nurses working in 3 hospitals and 9 primary health care centers in the district of Oporto, Northern Portugal. The purposes of this work were: 1. to identify a group of nurses' ideas and consensual conceptions about Childbirth Preparation; 2. to know which information sources are consensually more used by nurses; 3. to know how they accept Childbirth Preparation programs as a way for pregnant women to have an active delivery. Results revealed that Childbirth Preparation is, according to the participants, an educational moment toward health, involving technical, educational, relational and informative procedures of great importance to pregnant women and nurses. This involves the period from the start of pregnancy to the puerperium, as a means of changing wrong behaviors with a view to achieving an expected goal of health gains for pregnant women and their family.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Education, skills, and working environments of workers in India's rural industry.

Based on a mix of official data and results of a survey conducted in May-June 2000 as part of an ongoing Swedish-Indian-Chinese collaborative study, this paper describes the working conditions of workers engaged in rural industry in India. First, it reports the education and skills of such workers. Educational attainment is presented in terms of both general and technical education. The role played by public institutions in the development of skills is examined. A view of the environment in which these workers work, on the one hand, and the physical/economic conditions of work, on the other, is then developed. Locational and gender disparities are illustrated by rural-urban and male-female comparisons to the extent that the available data permit. Child labor is briefly discussed. The findings are disturbing. The authors offer suggestions for improvement.

China↗
PubMed1998

[An educational intervention to improve the quality of coproparasitological diagnosis in laboratories of Havana City, Cuba]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational program carried out in 1993. The intervention took place after the first external quality assessment in coproparasitology, conducted in 77 laboratories of Havana City. Centers receiving training were compared with those that did not, and better results were obtained in the municipalities of 10 de Octubre, Plaza, and Cerro, as well as in all laboratories that sent people to training. Better diagnosis was found for the helminths Trichuris trichiura, Taenia sp., and Fasciola hepatica as well for the protozoans Blastocystis hominis and Endolimax nana in the laboratories that received training. The laboratories that received training had significantly higher scores than those which did not. The results point to the effectiveness of the educational intervention. We recommend external quality assessment in coproparasitology as well as ongoing, mandatory technical education, held at regular intervals. Such measures should assure steady improvement in diagnosis of intestinal parasites by the health services network.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

[Replacement of the frog test in physiology teaching by the myograph: practical validation in Germany]

The myograph is a newly developed instrument to replace the classical frog experiments in physiology teaching by testing on volunteers, usually by self-testing of the students. First experiences with the myograph obtained during physiology teaching at four universities in Germany are summarized and evaluated. The myograph was tested in four additional universities. The myograph proves to be superior to the classic frog experiments both from the scientific and educational point of view. Costs of purchasing and maintaining the myograph will not be an obstacle for introducing the new teaching device into higher education. Technical development and practical evaluation of the myograph were funded by the German Ministry of Education and Research BMBF.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1979

[Further results from the Berlin morbidity study of 1972. 1. Educational level, knowledge of dental health and oral hygiene].

There are relationships between the general educational level and the extent of dental health knowledge on the one hand, and between the dental health knowledge and the oral hygiene condition on the other hand. A higher educational level is associated with a better dental health knowledge and, in most cases, the latter is connected with a lower oral hygiene index. School education exerts a greater effect on the level of dental health knowledge than higher or technical education. The state of dental health education and information of the population is not sufficient. Merely 25% of the interviewed graduates and 10% of the individuals having gained a school-leaving certificate reached maximum scores though only some few and easy questions (with a choice of incorrect and correct answers) had been put to evaluate dental health knowledge.

Berlin↗
PubMed1995

Attitudes and practice of couples regarding sexual relations during the menses and spotting.

To determine attitudes and practices regarding sexual relations during menstruation and vaginal spotting, a cross-sectional descriptive survey was performed at the Instituto de Investigaciones Materno Infantil, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile. A total of 287 women and 206 men were randomly selected from an urban population. Attitudes, beliefs, and practices regarding sexual relations during vaginal bleeding were surveyed and stratified by educational level and other demographic characteristics. Overall, 70% of women and 72% of men were found to avoid sexual relations during menstruation. Fifty-four percent of women and 60% of men avoided sexual relations during vaginal spotting. Women with higher education (technical or university) were less likely to avoid sexual intercourse compared to those with a lower educational level (basic or secondary education) during menstruation (73% vs. 57%) and vaginal spotting (69% vs. 34%). Men with a higher educational level (university) avoided intercourse less frequently when their partner was spotting (48% vs. 64%). As many methods of contraception affect a woman's menstrual cycle, they therefore may affect the intimacy of a couple. Counseling and education regarding the menstrual cycle and expected alterations by a contraceptive method may reduce any negative impact of a contraceptive device on a couple's sexual life.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[A competitive fund of development to improve the quality of university education in Chile. Area of health care].

In 1997, the Chilean Government and the International Bank for Development convened on a strategy to improve Chilean university education. It was based on quality improvement, effectiveness, relevancy and innovation on university education programs. A US$ 245 millions fund was afforded, for a five years competitive grants program, among certain traditional Universities and Technical Education Institutes. The authors reviewed the projects that won the contests during the first three years in the health area, to determine their impact, demands supported, difficulties and assets. These projects obtained 13.6% of the assigned funds (a total of US$ 16.5 millions). Funds were requested mostly to build spaces, obtain equipment, laboratories and computational support. Funds were also requested to carry out methodological changes and teaching improvements. The importance of teaching health sciences in locations outside the Metropolitan area of Santiago, the modification of undergraduate medical curriculum and the development of post graduate networks are emphasized.

Chile↗
PubMed2001

Characteristics and compliance of patients receiving long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) in Turkey.

Compliance is often poor in patients receiving long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT). We assessed some characteristics of LTOT patients and factors associated with non-effective use of LTOT in Turkey. A questionnaire was sent to 1100 patients who purchased their oxygen equipment between January 1995 and September 1999 from the largest oxygen company in Turkey. The questionnaire included items about daily duration of oxygen therapy, home situation, lifestyle, education level of the patient, smoking habits and side effects of oxygen therapy. In addition, patients were asked whether supplementary medical and technical education on oxygen therapy was explained to them. 379 patients responded. The patients had been receiving LTOT for 24.3 +/- 13 months. The mean duration of oxygen therapy was 9 +/- 6.8 hours/day. Only 28.2% of the patients managed to receive oxygen therapy for 15 h or more daily. 33.2% of the patients were told to use oxygen only when they had difficulty in breathing. 6.9% of the patients continued to smoke and 8.7% of the patients had complaints related to oxygen therapy. Logistic regression analysis identified that the likelihood of achieving effective oxygen therapy increased 4.5 fold (p < 0.001) when the physician gave pre-treatment education to the patient about the therapy, and effective use increased 3.8 fold (p < 0.002) when the patients were closely followed-up by the physician. We conclude that pre-treatment education of the patient about the therapy and close follow-up by the physician may increase the compliance rate to LTOT.

Aged↗