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PubMed1987

Detection of antibodies to Eperythrozoon ovis by the use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Specific antibody to Eperythrozoon ovis was detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the sera of infected sheep. In the presence of parasite antigen, positive control serum showed a reaction approximately eight times that of negative serum. When compared to an immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT), the ELISA was eight times more sensitive. Positive control sera gave a titre of 1:3200 by IFAT and 1:25,600 by ELISA. Through the use of a reference titration curve ELISA could be used as a semi-quantitative system to determine antibody levels in test sera.

Anaplasmataceae Infections↗
PubMed1978

Eperythrozoon ovis. III. The effect of infection on blood pH, concentrations of pyruvate, lactate and glucose in blood, haematology, and on concurrent and superimposed trypanosoma vivax infection in sheep.

Infections of sheep with Eperythrozoon ovis has been shown to increase pyruvate and lactate concentrations in blood and to reduce blood pH over a period of 10-14 days post-inoculation. There was no effect on the concentration of blood glucose. However, if care is not taken to inhibit glycolysis, the concentration of blood glucose in samples of blood taken for analysis falls markedly. Rapid destruction of erythrocytes started about 10 days post-inoculation and was progressive. Superimposition of Trypanosoma vivax infection on E. ovis infection did not appear to affect the growth of either parasite.

Anaplasmataceae Infections↗
PubMed1988

The identification of Eperythrozoon ovis in anemic sheep.

Eperythrozoon ovis, a rickettsial parasite of erythrocytes, was found in anemic lambs maintained for reproductive endocrinology research. The parasite was identified in the blood films of 13 animals in the flock of 30. The sexes were infected equally (7/16 males versus 6/14 females). The relationship between the severity of the anemia and the presence of organisms in blood was statistically significant. One animal died with severe anemia. Light, scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopy of peripheral erythrocytes revealed an extracellular organism identified as E. ovis. These findings indicate that this parasite can cause disease in sheep and therefore may interfere with biomedical research.

Anaplasmataceae Infections↗
PubMed1987

The effects of Eperythrozoon ovis in sheep.

Infection of adult sheep with a single strain of Eperythrozoon ovis led to three different situations. First, the animal resisted the organism and no haematological changes occurred. Second, the host developed a controllable parasitaemia in which erythrocyte values fell shortly after peak parasitaemia and then returned to normal. Third, the host failed to control the parasitaemia and chronic low grade anaemia developed. Dexamethasone sometimes caused a resurgence of parasitaemia in sheep.

Anaplasmataceae Infections↗
PubMed1987

Changing morphology of Eperythrozoon ovis.

Light microscopy studies of Eperythrozoon ovis in sheep revealed that Giemsa stain was only less reliable than acridine orange as a means of parasite identification when low parasitaemias were present. The morphology of E ovis altered as the degree of parasitaemia increased.

Acridine Orange↗
PubMed1978

Eperythrozoon ovis. II. Prevalence studies in sheep in Nigeria using the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test.

A serological survey of Eperythrozoon ovis infection in sheep was carried out in the main sheep farming areas of Nigeria, using the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test. Out of a total of 402 animals surveyed, 145, representing 36 per cent, were found to be serologically positive. Approximately 90 per cent of the sero-positives were sheep kept under intensive or semi-intensive systems of management indicating that close contact facilitated spread of the parasite. Microscopic examination of representative blood smears revealed E. ovis in only 12 of the serologically positive sheep. It was concluded that endemic stability explains why the parasite has not been reported earlier in Nigeria.

Anaplasmataceae Infections↗
PubMed1985

Humoral immune response of sheep to infection with Eperythrozoon ovis.

Circulating antibody was detected by an indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) in the serum of sheep infected experimentally with Eperythrozoon ovis. Antibodies were first detected 15 to 32 days after infection with E ovis and titres peaked at 41 days. This antibody may be associated, at least in part, with protection against infection with E ovis since the initial increase in antibody titre coincided with a fall in the primary parasitaemia. A role for antibody is suggested further by the fact that the prepatent period of infection was prolonged by one day and the parasitaemia initially remained at low levels in infected sheep protected by passively transferred hyperimmune serum. Moreover, following primary infection, acquired immunity was manifest by a lack of parasitaemia following challenge infections while increased IFA titres were observed. No evidence of opsonic activity was observed in an in vitro erythrophagocytosis test in that neither mouse macrophages nor sheep monocytes phagocytosed E ovis infected or uninfected erythrocytes sensitised with hyperimmune serum.

Anaplasmataceae Infections↗
PubMed1993

Isolation of a rickettsial organism (Eperythrozoon) from mice during virological testing of ixodid ticks.

A strain of Eperythrozoon (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) was isolated from suckling SPF mice (SM) inoculated with a homogenate of nymphal Ixodes ricinus (L.) ticks. The strain, passaged in the SM brain, was partially filterable through a 220-nm Millipore membrane, moderately sensitive to diethylether, and pathogenic for SM while no symptoms were observed in inoculated adult mice or male guinea pigs. A conspicuous cytopathic effect was produced in PS and SPEV (embryo pig kidney) stable cell lines. Both the cell cultures and SM could be used for the infectivity titration of the agent.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Eperythrozoon ovis. I. Serological diagnosis of infection by the indirect immunoflurescent antibody test.

The indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT) was evaluated for the detection of Eperythrozoon ovis infection in sheep. The test first became positive, on the average, 10 days following exposure to E. ovis and remained positive for 24 months, the longest period checked. Reciprocal titres in the first three days after becoming positive in the IFAT were between 4 and 80, but rose to 640 within 9 weeks; in general titres were between 4 and 640, exceptionally titres of 1280 were obtained. Negative sera produced no fluorescence at serum dilutions of 1:4. Paired serum samples collected before and after experimental infection demonstrated the specificity of the test. Further support for the specificity and reliability of the IFAT was provided by lack of cross-reactivity between E. ovis antigen and antisera to Anaplasma ovis and Theileria ovis, the two common blood parasites of sheep and goats in Nigeria, and the results of a longitudinal survey in a flock of sheep on the research farm where E. ovis was first detected.

Anaplasma↗
PubMed1995

[Field studies in sheep infected with Eperythrozoon ovis].

The concentration of hemoglobin, hematocrit, number of erythrocytes and content of iron in the bloodserum of 35 sheep or lambs from five herds in which Eperythrozoon ovis was demonstrated in summer 1994 in bloodsmears by staining with acridinorange are compared with the findings in 70 animals of the same farms which did not suffer from eperythrozoonosis or which were already treated. Sick animals showed significantly lower levels than clinically healthy sheep except for iron. Eperythrozoonosis is characterised by anaemia, poor weight gains or weight reduction. The mortality in lambs reaches up to 28%. Oxytetracyclin was injected subcutaneously for therapy in a single dose of 20 mg/kg bodyweight. Two weeks after treatment the lambs had less clinical symptoms, the ewes needed up to four weeks. Also eggs of trichostronglylids, coccidia, and once of tapeworms were demonstrated and specifically treated. The transmission of the disease and the economic impact are discussed.

Anemia↗
PubMed1977

[Latex-Chagestest-reactions of immunsera against Bartonella bacilliformis, Haemobartonella muris and Eperythrozoon coccoides (author's transl)].

Sera from 10 patients positive for Carrion's disease were analysed by means of the latex Chagas test. Sera from 40 SPF-rats experimentally infected with Haemobartonella muris and 5 SPF-mice experimentally infected with Eperythrozoon coccoides were similarly tested. Both the human and mice sera were negative whereas positive reaction was observed with rat sera. The nature of this positive reaction has not been clarified.

Anaplasmataceae↗