Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “ENDOCRINOLOGY”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

[The condition and prospects of Russian endocrinology].

The article presents a brief essay dedicated to the development of endocrinology in our country since pre-war time. The article covers the most promising areas of endocrinology, from endemic goiter to the introduction of the newest technologies to endocrinology, and informs the readers about structural and organizational changes in the diabetological service, including the establishment of Institute of Diabetes and Institute of Pediatric Endocrinology, the first ones in Russia, the establishment of diabetological service, including State Registry of Diabetic Patients, a school for adult patients, etc. Another issue is the establishment of Growth Center and the introduction of genetic engineering growth hormone preparations into the practice of treatment of short children. Once again, the authors emphasize the issue of fighting endemic goiter. Many tasks of Russian endocrinology are now considered weighty matters of state.

Adrenal Gland Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Digestive endocrinology, today].

The authors discuss the changing role of gastrointestinal endocrinology during the last twenty years starting from the early sixties when techniques such as radioimmunoassay and immunocytochemistry allowed major advances of our knowledge on this field. Using these techniques several regulatory peptides have been identified and the concept of the diffuse neuroendocrine system as a morphofunctional apparatus regulating the majority of physiological activities, was postulated. Therefore gut endocrinology was enclosed as a part of neuroendocrinology and similarly the importance of peptidergic substances in neural physiology was recognized. Nevertheless, the usefulness of gut endocrinology in the clinical management of gastrointestinal diseases, following an emphatic start, is now restricted to gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumours. In these pathological conditions some regulatory peptides have been shown to be responsible for the associated symptoms and can be useful markers in the diagnosis and follow-up. However, recent advances in gut endocrinology make us think to new possibilities of clinical applications of gut hormones, at least in the understanding of the pathophysiology of some diseases (i.e. constipation, incontinence, short-bowel syndrome, etc.). Moreover, new events are now occurring in gut endocrinology since major improvements in molecular biology and genetic engineering can now allow us to sequence and clone DNA strands encoding several regulatory peptides and their precursors. Similarly membrane receptors and intracellular messengers have been characterized elucidating the complex metabolic pathways of neuroendocrine cells. Using advanced molecular biology techniques we can obtain today large amount of different regulatory peptides highly purified that can be employed in the diagnosis and therapy of several diseases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Endocrine Glands↗
PubMed1992

Diagnosis of primary hyperaldosteronism: importance of correlating CT findings with endocrinologic studies.

Twenty patients with primary hyperaldosteronism had endocrinologic and radiologic studies to distinguish aldosterone-producing adenoma from idiopathic hyperaldosteronism due to bilateral micro- or macronodular hyperplasia of the adrenal cortex. In addition to examination for changes in the plasma level of aldosterone associated with postural changes and measurement of the plasma level of 18-hydroxycorticosterone, all 20 patients had CT examination of the adrenal glands. In three patients with normal adrenal glands on CT and three patients with CT evidence of two solitary nodules, one in each adrenal gland, a diagnosis of idiopathic hyperaldosteronism was confirmed by endocrinologic findings (five patients) or 131I-6 beta-iodomethyl-19-norcholesterol (NP-59) adrenal scintigraphy (one patient). In nine patients with a solitary adrenal nodule on CT, a diagnosis of aldosterone-producing adenoma was confirmed by surgery (seven patients) or hormone sampling via the adrenal veins (two patients). However, in three patients with a solitary adrenal nodule on CT, a diagnosis of idiopathic hyperaldosteronism was suggested by endocrinologic findings (three patients) and confirmed by the results of NP-59 scintigraphy (two patients) or adrenal venous sampling (one patient). In addition, in two patients with CT evidence of three adrenal nodules (two in one gland, one in contralateral gland), a diagnosis of aldosterone-producing adenoma was suggested by endocrinologic findings in both patients and confirmed by surgery in one. Although high-resolution CT is highly accurate for the detection of aldosterone-producing adenoma, significant diagnostic errors can occur in patients with primary hyperaldosteronism if CT findings are not correlated with results of endocrinologic studies.

18-Hydroxycorticosterone↗
PubMed1999

Surgical treatment of craniopharyngiomas: endocrinological results.

OBJECT: This study aimed to elucidate the endocrinological outcome of craniopharyngioma surgery. In particular, endocrinological results were analyzed in relation to the surgical approach. The study includes 143 patients who underwent pre- and postoperative endocrinological assessment and who had not previously undergone surgery. METHODS: Diabetes insipidus was the most common postoperative deficiency in both the transcranial and transsphenoidal groups. The overall percentage of patients with diabetes insipidus increased from 16.1% preoperatively to 59.4% postoperatively. After transcranial surgery, the rate of anterior pituitary deficiency also increased. However, normal preoperative anterior pituitary function was maintained in more than 50% of patients for each endocrine axis. Similar results were attained in the group of patients undergoing complete tumor removal. The best result was achieved for gonadal function: the incidence of hypogonadism increased only slightly from 77.4 to 79.8%. The rate of anterior pituitary failure at presentation was much higher in the transsphenoidal than in the transcranial group. During transsphenoidal surgery, intact anterior pituitary functions were generally preserved. The rate of panhypopituitarism increased only slightly, from 40% before surgery to 42.9% after surgery. Endocrinological results were not inferior in patients with a ventrally displaced pituitary. This variant required midline incision of the gland for exposure of the craniopharyngioma. In the entire series of 143 patients the pituitary stalk was generally preserved. Postoperative panhypopituitarism was encountered in only one of eight patients in whom the pituitary stalk was partially resected because of tumor infiltration. None of the 88 patients who remained recurrence-free demonstrated endocrinological deterioration during follow-up review, compared with the early postoperative assessment 3 months postsurgery. On the other hand, complete recovery of one endocrine axis was observed in nine of these patients during later follow-up evaluations. In five of them, diabetes insipidus had regressed. CONCLUSIONS: It is worth preserving the pituitary stalk and gland at surgery because of the definite chance that intact anterior pituitary functions can be maintained. Postoperative diabetes insipidus must be accepted as a common sequela following attempts at complete removal of the craniopharyngioma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Endocrinology in the 21st century: unmasking the mysteries of biology.

The traditional concept of endocrinology has provided a model, that enabled to understand and treat endocrine diseases. Molecular and (patho)physiological differentiations of this concept will further improve the treatment of complex endocrine and metabolic diseases. Nature has lifted a tip of her veil, reveiling a number of orphan receptors, which may reflect presently unknown physiological pathways and may be important targets for drug development. Although the integrative function of hormones and receptors can be further elucidated by approaches like reverse endocrinology and functional genomics, the structural interaction between bench (basic science) and bedside (clinical endocrinology) will remain instrumental for the progress of endocrinology.

Endocrine System Diseases↗
PubMed2003

The future endocrine patient. Reflections on the future of clinical endocrinology.

In recent years the future position of clinical endocrinology has been extensively discussed by Western European endocrine societies. Clinical endocrinology seems to suffer from being too intellectual, generating too little income, and lacking too few spectacular interventions. In this manuscript we describe 'the endocrine patient' of the past, the present, and the future. Complete therapeutic breakthroughs resulting in 'cure' are compared with 'halfway technologies' which help in creating the (life-long) chronic endocrine patient. The potential use of molecular diagnostics in optimalizing hormone replacement therapy is discussed. Clinical endocrinology is at risk of developing into a subspecialty where life-style drugs created for new diseases or conditions are offered, but also actively pursued by otherwise healthy individuals (e.g. in normal short stature, regulation of appetite, body composition, sexuality, reproduction and aging). The potential opportunities and risks for clinical endocrinology in creating 'the endocrine patient' of the future are discussed.

Endocrine System Diseases↗
PubMed2006

[Metamorphosis of endocrinology].

During the last half of century we witnessed not only changes in the definition of hormone, in the conception of endocrinology and in understanding of mechanisms of hormone action, but also an immense development of technical tools of endocrine diagnostic and therapy. Endocrinology has had a profound impact on other branches of medicine with the consequence that the frontiers of classical endocrinology are slowly vanishing. It is time to ask what will be the future demands of patients and whether there will be appropriate number of specialists in endocrinology in the near future. Besides the present type of care of the patients with endocrinopathies it is necessary to envision a new type of patient requesting "comfort therapy", as e.g. improvement of signs of aging, declining sexuality, or body height or weight.

Endocrinology↗
PubMed1983

Advancing in tandem: clinical endocrinology and clinical chemistry.

Here I review some of the recent accomplishments in clinical endocrinology and clinical chemistry, point out the direction of future work, and try to predict some of the advances of the next decade. Endocrinology, perhaps more than any other branch of clinical medicine, is rooted in biochemistry and physiology. Endocrinologists have been leaders in the development of methods, which have been adapted by clinical chemists for wider applications than those conceived originally. For the sake of brevity, I shall not recount the early history of endocrinology in this century--or the enormous progress since Starling coined the term "hormone" and stated the physiological role of these chemical messengers in 1905. Progress in endocrinology in recent years has been astounding.

Calcium↗
PubMed1995

State of the art of preanalysis in laboratories in Italy performing endocrinological tests.

We conducted an inquiry among Italian laboratories regarding the preanalytical phase for endocrinological tests. The form presented two questions: number of analyses per year and use of closed or open system for blood drawing. The laboratories were asked to insert the hormones' names in some boxes representing different materials for endocrinological tests, namely serum from plain tubes and from gel separator tubes, plasma from K3EDTA, Na2EDTA, lithium heparin with or without gel separator, sodium citrate, sodium fluoride and potassium oxalate, and citric acid-citrate-dextrose (ACD), and also the particular mode of storage of specimen, as addition of antiproteolytic substances and use of iced water. The analytes' list included the most common endocrinological assays. The data collected indicate that traditional, syringe-based systems are still widely used in Italy, particularly in private and small and medium-sized public laboratories. Serum is the most often used material for endocrinological tests. A very important finding was the use of gel separator tubes, wider than plan tubes, for obtaining serum. Finally, the laboratories demonstrated very good attention to the preanalytical phase, as judged from particular storage for some delicate analytes.

Chemistry, Clinical↗
PubMed1995

[A view of basic endocrinology].

In order to continue the advances of basic endocrinology, further development of molecular endocrinology and neuroendocrinology is necessary. In molecular endocrinology, investigations of the action mechanisms of hormones in non-typical target tissues, such as those of estrogen in bone, in cholesterol metabolism and in the immune system, may yield lucrative results. In these studies, estrogen action by non-classical pathways should also be investigated. In the investigation of brain functions, the role of neuroendocrinology seems to be important since signal transduction pathways in both the nervous and endocrine systems are similar. For these further developments of basic endocrinology, creative investigations by young and impartial investigators should be particularly accelerated.

Endocrinology↗
PubMed1997

On fundamental endocrinology.

Analysis is presented discussing why there is an absence of fundamental endocrinology in Russian science. Features of the session of the Academy of Sciences and the Lenin All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences (1948) and of the session of the Academy of Sciences and Academy of Medical Sciences (1950) and their influence on the development of science are considered. The less infamous Pavlov's session (1950) has had a more destructive influence on the development of endocrinology than Michurin's session has on the development of genetics. The prospects for development in Russia of fundamental endocrinology as of a branch of matrix biology are estimated pessimistically. At present, endocrinology has become a general biological science about hormones as the main regulators of vital processes. Specific hormones are generated by all organs, tissues, and cells of living organisms, functioning as means for communication between organs and tissues, and together with the nervous system unite them into a single whole.

Endocrinology↗
PubMed1994

Endocrinologic and biophysical responses to prolonged (24-hour) hypoxemia in fetal goats.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to observe some fetal endocrinologic and biophysical responses to prolonged (24-hour) nonacidemic hypoxemia in fetal goats. STUDY DESIGN: Endocrinologic and biophysical changes during continuous infusion of nitrogen into the maternal trachea were examined in six chronically instrumented goat fetuses at 123 to 131 days' gestation. We measured arginine vasopressin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine as endocrinologic parameters and fetal heart rate, fetal blood pressure, and fetal breathing movements as biophysical parameters. RESULTS: Fetal arterial PO2 declined from 25.1 +/- 2.1 mm Hg at baseline to 16.8 +/- 0.9 mm Hg at 1 hour of hypoxemia and remained at this level (p < 0.05). Arginine vasopressin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and epinephrine initially rose in response to hypoxic stress, gradually declined, and by 24 hours were not significantly different from control values. Cortisol and norepinephrine remained significantly elevated through the experiments. Fetal breathing movements as a percentage of total time were 34.9% +/- 1.2% at baseline, 12.9% +/- 3.7% at 1 hour, and 70% to 80% of control values from 4 hours. Fetal heart rate was significantly reduced for the first 10 minutes, then progressively became tachycardiac thereafter. Systolic fetal blood pressure was significantly elevated for only 30 minutes. CONCLUSION: Arginine vasopressin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and epinephrine of the endocrinologic parameters and fetal heart rate, fetal blood pressure, and fetal breathing movements are normalized during prolonged nonacidemic hypoxemia in fetal goats.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1991

Endocrinology of gonadotropin-releasing hormone induced cycles in hypothalamic amenorrhea: the role of the pulse dose.

OBJECTIVE: To find the treatment regimen giving a maximum chance of ovulation and a minimal chance of multiple follicular development in pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) therapy in patients with hypothalamic amenorrhea. DESIGN: We propectively studied the endocrinology of cycles induced with 5, 10, and 20 micrograms GnRH pulse doses, randomly assigned per patient, comparing this with the endocrinology of spontaneous menstrual cycles. SETTING: All patients were treated at the Academic Hospital of the Vrije Universiteit, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Fertility. PATIENTS: Fifteen patients with hypothalamic amenorrhea were treated for one to three cycles; 14 normally cycling volunteers were studied for one cycle. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Number of ovulations per pulse dose; luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, total urinary estrogens (Es), and pregnanediol were measured per cycle day and per stimulation day. RESULTS: The endocrinology of all ovulatory cycles remained within the normal range. First treatment cycles showed significantly higher ovulation rates compared with subsequent cycles. Significantly more anovulation was observed in cycles with 5-micrograms pulse doses. Luteal Es were significantly higher in induction cycles compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS: The optimum treatment regimen should be to start induction with 5 micrograms/pulse in the first cycle and to raise the dose to 10 micrograms/pulse in subsequent cycles, regardless of the outcome of the first cycle. After ovulation, the pulse interval should be changed to 240 minutes.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Endocrinologic after-care of brain tumor patients: initial retrospective analysis of HIT-study documented auxologic and endocrine parameters].

BACKGROUND: In 1987, a pilot trial (HIT 88/89) was initiated by GPOH to investigate the effectivity and toxicity of intense preradiation chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to improve the treatment of children with malignant brain tumors, but provided no standardized recording of auxological and/or endocrinological parameters. In 1993 a sub-project, "Endocrinological late effects", was started during the ongoing study to examine the late effects of treatment, and a retrospective evaluation was performed in order to standardize parameters. PATIENTS: We considered auxological and hormonal data from those patients (n = 133; 78 m, 55 f) who were alive at the time of the survey, and had completed tumor therapy. RESULTS: Analysis of the growth pattern of the children after the end of therapy indicate impaired growth. Group 1 (n = 77, CA < 10 yrs): Mean height SDS at tumor diagnosis was +0.32 (n = 77), and fell constantly after completion of therapy to -0.75 (n = 16) after 3-4.5 yrs. Group 2 (n = 56, CA > 10 yr): Height SDS-CA fell from +0.24 (n = 45) at the time of diagnosis to -0.62 (n = 14) after 3-4.5 yrs. Unfortunately, only body height and weight were recorded regularly, data on sitting height, pubertal stage and bone age were incomplete. Endocrine evaluation after end of therapy was insufficient. CONCLUSIONS: A standardization of endocrinological follow up is necessary as soon as possible, for an adequate description of the endocrinological late effects.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Crustacean endocrinology: a retrospective, prospective, and introspective analysis.

From the first discovery of a hormone in a crustacean in the 1920s until the present, the field of crustacean endocrinology has undergone, as do many crustaceans during their development, a marked metamorphosis. The field has moved from the classical era of endocrinological techniques, such as extirpation and additive methods, to the modern era of sophisticated biochemistry and molecular biology. As new investigatory techniques have been devised, crustacean endocrinologists have quickly adopted them and, as a consequence, have made major advances. Nevertheless, there is still much room (and need) for the older techniques, particularly because there is still a vast gap in our knowledge of the endocrine mechanisms of the less highly evolved crustaceans. The bulk of the information we have about crustacean endocrinology has been derived from studies of decapods. Crustacean endocrinology not only provides information about the basic biology of this important group of organisms but also has the potential of greatly enhancing our ability to culture species used as food sources for humans.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Coding: the history of the recognition of endocrinology services.

Until recent years, endocrinology services were reimbursed with the use of generic codes. Efforts to establish codes specifically for endocrinology tests, protocols, and services during the past 12 years are reviewed. The formation of the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and the involvement of their membership on behalf of clinical endocrinology are detailed. Presentation of three complex coding challenges exemplifies the need for ongoing efforts to improve and update endocrinology codes.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Endocrinological disorders in association with alopecia areata-a 27 patients study].

Alopecia areata is a dermatological disease, characterized by the loss of hair, which affect men, women and children and can evaluate alone or in association with a variety of other disorders. Between these endocrinological diseases, especial thyroid disorders, have a high incidence. Twenty-seven patients with alopecia areata (12 women and 15 men) aged between 3 and 46 years were endocrinologically investigated. Eighteen of them (66.6%) had endocrinological disorders. Thyroid diseases were present in 10 cases (37%): 4 cases with endemic goiter, 2 cases with nodular goiter and 4 cases with hypothyroidism (1 case with autoimmune thyroiditis, 1 case with nodular goiter, 1 case with cystic goiter and 1 case with hypothyroidism post thyroidectomy for thyroidal lymphoma). Twelve cases (44.4%) were found with tetania. The incidence of thyroid diseases in alopecia areata is higher then in general population (2%), as well as the incidence of tetania. These evidences suggest that it is necessary to make a screening of endocrinological disorders in patients with alopecia areata.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Psychobiology of grief and loss processing--recent immunologic and endocrinologic approaches and findings].

Recent studies demonstrate the importance of social relationships for maintaining health. As mechanisms remain hidden in ongoing relationships, much of our knowledge comes from the deleterious health consequences of loss or separation. Despite the central importance of object loss in psychosomatic models of disease, physiological links have hardly been explored. After a short review of psychological processes of mourning, recent psychoimmunological and endocrinological studies are discussed. These show fairly consistent immunosuppressive effects of depressive disorders and of impending and actual loss of the partner and endocrinological changes, also related in magnitude to depression. First results of intervention studies show favorable endocrinological and immunological changes presumably due to promotion of social relations and reduction of distress. Despite manifold methodological problems this approach provides a promising access towards understanding the meaning of social relations for physiological regulation. Decisive issues of the relationship of immunological and endocrinological changes and their clinical relevance must await further longitudinal studies which should include a more detailed psychological analysis of mourning and object relations.

Adaptation, Psychological↗