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The amount of enamel destroyed by salivary fermentation of snack foods and confections was not dependent on their sugar content; starch, flavoring agents, and other components also played a part. Most enamel destruction was produced by fruit-flavored candies in which the inherent acid or high sugar concentration or both inhibited bacterial fermentation.
Enamel subsurface demineralization induced by Streptococcus mutans was significantly reduced by seven-day saliva pre-treatments conducive to the formation of enamel pellicles. A two-hour saliva pre-treatment was ineffective. Results suggest that the protection provided by long-term pellicles may relate to changes in ionic transport rates rather than cell attachment.
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Eleven children, each having one or two pairs of premolars to be extracted for orthodontic purposes, participated in the study. The model involved placement of a special orthodontic band that allowed the accumulation of plaque in a defined area between the band and the buccal enamel. Examination of enamel changes was carried out in experimental teeth that had been exposed to local plaque accumulation for one, two, four, eight or 14 days. The specimens were examined under the light (LM) and the scanning electron microscope (SEM). All teeth had signs of very mild dental fluorosis. No indications of demineralization were noted after one day. SEM examination showed signs of crystal dissolution in some of the two-day specimens. Six of eight four-day specimens exhibited surface dissolution. All eight- and 14-day specimens showed signs of surface demineralization in the LM as well as in the SEM. These observations documented that undisturbed bacterial deposits are capable of initiating enamel demineralization within short time periods, even in children living in a water-fluoridated area.
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Before lasers can be highly integrated into clinical practice, further research must prove the efficacy, efficiency, consistency and safety of this new technology. Currently, increased caries prevention and rapid laser etching are two potential benefits of laser technology.
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Calcium absorption was studied in 23 patients before and one year after intestinal shunt operation for obesity. It decreased from 23 to 12% (p less than 0.02) after surgery, when the jejunum/ileum ratio was 36cm/12cm [type I], and only from 19 to 16% (p greater than 0.05), when the ratio was 12cm/36cm [type III]. It is suggested that the difference is due to variation in absorptive surface in the distal half of the small intestine and to a minor degree to change in external pancreatic function, bile acid metabolism, and fat digestion. Bone mineral content was lower in 37 obese than in normal subjects and underwent only minor changes (p greater than 0.01) 3 and 12 months after surgery, possible because of postoperative daily calcium and vitamin-D substitution.
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A series of 33 Stanmore total hip replacements with aseptic loosening was compared to a matched control series without loosening. Risk factors were previous hip surgery and osteopenia of the proximal femur. Biomechanical factors, notably varus position of the femoral stem and insufficient cementation, were of significance for the implant loosening. Alteration of the operative technique is recommended, emphasizing a correct valgus or neutral position of the femoral component and improved cementation.
The relationship between the ectopic calcification of abdominal aorta and the de-calcification of bone in 137 elderly patients was investigated by quantitative computed tomography. We calculated the index (CAI) of the calcification volume to the aorta volume in the lower abdominal aorta, and simultaneously estimated the bone mineral content (BMC) of the vertebral body using a calibration phantom. The CAI increased and the BMC decreased progressively in proportion to aging. There was a significant negative correlation between the CAI and the MBC in females in the eighth and ninth decades (eighth decade: n = 37, r = -0.400; p less than 0.01, ninth decade: n = 37, r = -0.334; p less than 0.05). These results suggested that in elderly females, abdominal aortic calcification is closely related to de-calcification from the vertebral body.
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Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Increasing numbers of patients are being orthodontically treated by specialist and general dental practitioners, after postgraduate courses and clinical assistantships. The potential for iatrogenic damage to the teeth and supporting structures has, therefore, also increased. This paper examines these problems and outlines measures for their prevention.