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PubMedDate not supplied

A method for detecting errors in data of growth studies.

The paper describes a new method used for data cleaning in growth and development studies. The method is essentially based on the assumption that an extreme value of a certain variable might be suspicious if other highly correlated variables show low compatibility with it and that, on the other hand, an extreme but possible value tends not to be erroneous if it is reinforced by another extreme but possible value of a highly correlated variable. Each variable was therefore included in at least two ratios with the highest correlated variables. A program was designed to detect extreme values of individual variables and extreme ratio values. This procedure with ratios was used to help to detect possible errors and discriminate them from true extreme values. Seen in the light of corrected data files against existing data files, the number of corrections was approximately 4.4%. If the real number of corrected errors is compared to the total number of subjects, this percentage reached 5.5%. If, when correcting, the real value was not detected with certainty, the erroneous value was then simply deleted. From our results, there is reason to believe that with this method few detectable errors will escape from the cleaning procedure. Conclusions for future correction procedures and for future growth studies in general, are also given in the paper.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1990

[Study on the simulation in planning for orthognathic surgery by using a personal computer].

This study was made in order to develop and evaluate three-dimensional simulation programs in planning for orthognathic surgery by using microcomputer system. Microcomputer system is composed of CPU (NEC, PC-9801), high resolutional color display, color printer, image scanner, and MOUSE. This simulation is composed of four procedures. 1. Data input Three-dimensional coordinate data on tracing obtained from CT films is inputted. One data file is made from one outline of structures. 2. Three dimensional reconstruction A control file is made to arrange data files constructing structures. 3. Simulation This procedure is composed of cutting and movement. The horizontal projection of mandible is displayed. After cutting simulated orthognathic surgery is designed, new data files and new control file are made. A movement consists of parallel translation and rotation. A movement data is combined with movements designed on each of three projections. 4. Three-dimensional graphic display Three-dimensional graphics of the mandible before and after a simulation for orthognathic surgery are displayed by perspective views with treated hidden lines and accurate pictures (COSMOZONE 2SA, NIKON). These simulation programs were carried out with the asymmetrical patient. The simulation was supposed that the operation was combined with sagittal splitting osteotomy of the right mandibular ramus and body ostectomy of the left lower first premolar part. Three-dimensional graphics of the mandible before and after the simulation were presented. Its three-dimensional mandibular position and form after orthognathic surgery were predicted. These three-dimensional simulation programs may be important procedure, when a treatment planning in asymmetrical prognathic case is discussed.

Computer Graphics↗
PubMed1997

Transformation and average as handy tools for pressure measurement data analysis.

INTRODUCTION:: Pressure measurement data underneath[Table: see text] the foot represent usually a large number of data files which is equal to double product of the number of the subjects in study and of the number of the trials for each foot. Besides, 'normal' parameters are necessary to compare the results for the controls and for the subjects in study. Statistical parameters (mean values and standard deviations) are not very convenient when it is required to establish cartographical and geometrical parameters or peak pressures, maximum forces, contact areas, contact time and others for foot typing or as a standard. Sometimes it is reasonable to obtain average pressure data as a base for further data analysis. But taking into account that pressure distribution pattern may differ by its length, width and angle of the inclination of the foot axis to the horizontal it was necessary to solve a problem of transformation of any pressure picture to the given length and width (for vertical location of the foot axis). METHODS:: The transformed coordinates X(*) and Y(*) are defined from the following system of equations: X = Y(*) x width/width(*) x sina + X(*) x length/length(*) x cosa + X(o) Y = Y(*) x width/width(*) x cosa - X(*) x length/length(*) x sina + Y(o) where X(o), Y(o) -- the coordinates of the origin; width, length, a -- parameters of the initial pressure picture; width(*), length(*) -- parameters of the transformed pressure picture. X, Y -- are real values but the values of pressure are defined only in the integer coordinates. One of the main parts of average is a reduction of the time process to any number of frames. If N(max) is a maximum number of frames in one of the data files than all other data files must be transformed with accordance to the following formulas: for j-th frame the value of pressure for sensor with coordinates x, y is: P(*1)(xy) (j) = P(1)(xy) (i) x ki + P(1)(xy) (i+1) x k(i+1), where P(1)(xy) (i) -- pressure for sensor with coordinates x, y of the 1-th initial time process; j = 0, ellipsis, N(max) -1; j-th frame corresponds to i-th frame in the initial time process as i = integer(j) x (N -1)/(N(max) -1), N -- a number of frames in initial time process; coefficients k(i) and k(i+1) are equal to k(i) = j x (N -1)/(N(max) -1) -- I, k(i+1) = 1 - ki. Then the values of pressure are averaged: P(*)(xy) (j) = 1 / L x S P(1)(xy) (j), where L is a number of data files. Corresponding software was developed. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:: 38 files of pressure measurement data of the teenagers from military school were chosen for transformation and average. Statistical errors of transformation and average were calculated for each data file (for peak pressure, force and area) and for all parameters from two software packages: Novel-win v.95.121 and Novel-ortho v.95.121. The maximum errors are for peak pressures (about 7%-10%) and contact areas (about 6%). CONCLUSION:: Transformation and average programs can be successfully used for data analysis additionally to traditional statistical software: groupmask evaluation program.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1985

PCS System I: point counting stereology programs for cell biology.

PCS System I (PCS) is a set of four software modules designed to simplify the application of stereology to problems in cell biology. It is written in BASIC for the Tektronix 4052A microcomputer (Beaverton, OR). A Counting Module collects raw data counts in either a Density Mode (points, intersections, transections, profiles) or a Boundary Mode (intersections with complete nuclear profiles). This information is stored on tape or disk data files and can also be printed. Three analysis modules use data files created with the Counting Module. The Density Module uses Density Mode data files to calculate volume, surface, length, and numerical densities. The B Numerical Density Module uses both Boundary Mode and Density Mode data to calculate the means for the boundary, diameter, and surface area of a nuclear compartment. The mean nuclear surface area is then used with the nuclear surface density to estimate the nuclear numerical density, which, in turn, is used to calculate surface areas of membrane compartments in average cells and in 10(6) cells. The Format Module reformats raw data files for analysis with Tektronix statistical software.

Biometry↗
PubMed1992

A file format for the exchange of nuclear medicine image data: a specification of Interfile version 3.3.

Working Group 1 of the European project COST-B2 on quality assurance of nuclear medicine software has been concerned with the development of an appropriate mechanism for the transfer of nuclear medicine image data files between computer systems from different vendors. To this end a protocol based upon Report No. 10 of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) [1] was adopted. A previous publication [2] gave a specification (V3.2) for an intermediate file format with a list of key-value pairs for the header data associated with nuclear medicine image data files. This paper presents a revised specification for the intermediate file format and associated keys, now called V3.3, which has evolved from the experience in using the earlier version. It is hoped that the modifications proposed will improve the definition and usability of the file format as given in the earlier version.

European Union↗
PubMed1990

Parallel line analysis: multifunctional software for the biomedical sciences.

An easy to use, interactive FORTRAN program for analyzing the results of parallel line assays is described. The program is menu driven and consists of five major components: data entry, data editing, manual analysis, manual plotting, and automatic analysis and plotting. Data can be entered from the terminal or from previously created data files. The data editing portion of the program is used to inspect and modify data and to statistically identify outliers. The manual analysis component is used to test the assumptions necessary for parallel line assays using analysis of covariance techniques and to determine potency ratios with confidence limits. The manual plotting component provides a graphic display of the data on the terminal screen or on a standard line printer. The automatic portion runs through multiple analyses without operator input. Data may be saved in a special file to expedite input at a future time.

Data Interpretation, Statistical↗
PubMed2002

PDB Goodies--a web-based GUI to manipulate the Protein Data Bank file.

PDB Goodies is a web-based graphical user interface (GUI) to manipulate the Protein Data Bank file containing the three-dimensional atomic coordinates of protein structures. The program also allows users to save the manipulated three-dimensional atomic coordinate file on their local client system. These fragments are used in various stages of structure elucidation and analysis. This software is incorporated with all the three-dimensional protein structures available in the Protein Data Bank, which presently holds approximately 18 000 structures. In addition, this program works on a three-dimensional atomic coordinate file (Protein Data Bank format) uploaded from the client machine. The program is written using CGI/PERL scripts and is platform independent. The program PDB Goodies can be accessed over the World Wide Web at http://144.16.71.11/pdbgoodies/.

Computer Graphics↗
PubMed1990

The use of laboratory microcomputers to hold NMR data bases.

Computer-based data bases are essential tools for NMR spectroscopists working with complex mixtures such as tissue extracts. Algorithms are described which are easily implemented on a small laboratory microcomputer and which can be used to make, edit, and query personalized laboratory data files. The data are stored in a series of small files accessed by pointers to overcome inherent redundancy in the information. Performance times are tabulated for a BBC Model B microcomputer working in the BASIC language and using 5.25-in. floppy discs as virtual memory.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1996

Analysis of neuro-behavioral Discovery data on the Macintosh computer.

This paper describes a suite of routines using IgorPro, a powerful analysis and graphing software package for the Macintosh computer, to enhance the ability to analyze, manipulate, and display data recorded with the Discovery acquisition software marketed by DataWave Technologies. The routines are able to time-align fast and slow data channels, and are especially useful for analyses that involve both neural and behavioral data. The software was designed for eyeblink conditioning and vocalization experiments, but it can easily be used for analyzing other types of neurobehavioral data. The data are first prepared on the PC with routines that inspect the header of the data file and translate the data file into a compact binary format that can be read by IgorPro. An option is also available to splice out data from unnecessary portions of an intertrial interval. The new file is then put on the Macintosh computer for display and analysis by IgorPro. These routines enable both neural and behavioral data to be quickly and easily reduced, manipulated, and statistically and graphically summarized.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1987

Integrated system brings hospital data together.

Healthcare industry changes during the 1980s--increased competition and alterations in the Medicare payment methodology--place new and more complex demands on a hospital's information systems, which often fall short of meeting those demands. These systems were designed for financial reporting, billing, or providing clinical data, and few of them are capable of linking with other unrelated systems. Today's hospital manager needs timely and simultaneous access to data from a variety of sources within the hospital. All the elements to accomplish this are collected somewhere in the hospital, but finding them and bringing them together is difficult. The key to the efficient management and use of data bases is in understanding the fundamental concept of relational data bases, which is the capability of linking or joining separate data files through a common data element in each file. In this way, data files may be integrated into a "related" data base. Any number of separate files, or tables, may exist within a "relational" data base as long as a series of threads links them. A strategic management information data base includes the information necessary to analyze, understand, and manage the hospital's markets, products, resources, and profitability. The major components of this information system are the case mix and cost accounting, budgeting, and modeling systems. The case mix and cost accounting factors involve managing concrete pieces of data, whereas the budgeting and modeling factors manipulate data to create a scenario. The strategic management information data base is the foundation of a hospital's decision support system, which is rapidly moving into the category of a necessary tool of the hospital manager's trade.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed1996

Evaluation of equations based on animal factors to predict intake of lactating Holstein cows.

The accuracy of seven DMI prediction equations based only on animal factors was evaluated with 11 independent data files. Mean square prediction error was used to compare equation accuracy, which was considered to be unsatisfactory when the square root of the mean square prediction error was greater than +/-20% of the observed mean DMI. Robust intake equations that have a tolerable level of prediction errors for most data files would be less risky for practical use than models that are highly accurate for some data files but highly inaccurate for others. The number of independent data files for which equation accuracy was unsatisfactory was used to measure lack of robustness. No equation evaluated was able to predict individual cow DMI with a prediction error that was consistently lower than +/-20% of the observed mean intake. The most robust equation in this study predicted intake unsatisfactorily for 3 of the 11 evaluation data files. Unsatisfactory accuracy for this equation was mainly due to mean bias.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed2000

[Development and evaluation of a local area network system to make drug information paper for inpatient--adaptation to characteristics of diseases, and expansibility to other hospitals and the Internet].

We developed and evaluated a local area network system to make drug information papers. Because pharmacists should explain drug information both orally and using papers to patients in response to their understanding and characteristics of their diseases. The merit of this system is as follows: pharmacists can use it without any education for its operation; most data can be inputted by selection from the lists and automatic reference; the data are adjustable for individuals; different contents are available for different wards; multiple users can access the same data file. Input data in this system are available for making explanation papers on the medical examination of outpatients, and making a plan for pharmaceutical care and guidance services. This system is also available in other hospitals, and on the internet. First, we surveyed the time required for preparing drug information papers. Making a hand written paper for typical patient takes 395 sec. for manuscript, 160 sec. with the system using text data only, and 178 sec. with the system using text and picture data. Next, we surveyed 27 patients' views on the addition of drug pictures to drug information papers, and with the result that 19 patients thought it very good. Last, we surveyed 13 ward pharmacists about their usage of this system. We found that 8 pharmacists used frequently this system, and 3 pharmacists used the same file in the same hours at the maximum.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

A study of the health status of the black population in Alameda County, California.

The purpose of this paper is to compare the overall health status of blacks with whites in Alameda County, California, using an index based on the mortality and disability experiences of the two population groups. It is demonstrated that this index, which requires disease-specific mortality and disability data, can be easily adapted to make use of existing data files containing data on mortality and any indicator of morbidity or disability. It was found that in the year 1974, the blacks lost approximately 10,000 productive years unnecessarily through higher mortality and disability rates than those of the white population. This disparity between the two populations may be underestimated because Chicano/Mexican Americans, who are known to enjoy a lower health status than whites, were included as part of the white population. The implications of the findings are discussed.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1976

[The use of an integrable mobile full text processing systems (author's transl)].

A mobile full text processing system is reported which is independent of a computer, yet can be completely integrated into a data processing system and is purely a storage and retrieval system for data files and data banks which, with relatively little activity ratio of the individual items of information stored, still have an unusually large, widely ramified indexing depth. Acquisition of material, storage and retrieval of information are so simplified in favor of the user, that they can be carried out without specially qualified data processing personnel, but by normal office staff and one's own colleagues after a simple short instruction. The favorable cost makes the system an alternative worth considering in many cases, because fully automatic documentation or system concepts which need digital storage of large quantities of text demand so much intellectual expense and electronic storage capacity, that they are already prohibitive on grounds of cost alone.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed1991

Time interval gating for analysis of cell function using flow cytometry.

We propose a method which significantly shortens the time required for both the collection and analysis of data derived from multiple sample, flow cytometric kinetic assays. We have defined the term Time Interval Gating (TIG) to describe this method. TIG effectively allows one flow cytometer to concurrently monitor several samples over the course of a kinetic assay. Data for all samples are stored in a single FCS 2.0 compatible listmode data file which we refer to as the TIG data file. TIG is adaptable to most commerical flow cytometers. Standard listmode analysis software can be used to analyze the TIG data files and correlate any combination of tubes and/or time intervals from the assay. Results for the entire assay can be displayed on a single two parameter plot. This paper describes how TIG is applied to neutrophil oxidative burst measurement using a standard EPICS Elite flow cytometer. In this assay, 11 samples were each monitored for 30 min to identify the extent to which volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) inhibited the oxidation of DCFH in stimulated neutrophils. TIG makes the oxidative burst assay practical for high volume screening by reducing the overall flow cytometer and analysis time required by a factor of ten. In addition, TIG provides an organized approach to managing data acquisition on instruments equipped with automated sampling systems.

Flow Cytometry↗
PubMed1993

Automatic lineage assignment of acute leukemias by flow cytometry.

A method for automatic lineage assignment of acute leukemias was developed. Input are eight list mode data files acquired with a FACScan flow cytometer. For each cell, four parameters are measured: forward light scatter, orthogonal light scatter, fluorescein fluorescence, and phycoerythrin fluorescence. Eight data files are acquired in the following sequence: unstained, isotype controls, CD10/CD19, CD20/CD5, CD3/CD22, CD7/CD33, HLADR/CD13, and CD34/CD38. First, each of the data files 3 to 8 are clustered independently employing an algorithm based on nearest neighbors. Next, the clusters are associated across the data files to form cell populations, using the assumption of light scatter invariance across tubes for each population. The mean positions of each cell population are fed into a decision tree. The decision tree first identifies normal cell populations, i.e., monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, NK cells, T-lymphocytes, and B-lymphocytes. After elimination of the normal cell populations from the data space, the residual cell populations are classified as B-lineage ALL, T-lineage ALL, AML, AUL, B-CLL, or unknown. The effectiveness of this novel approach is shown with case studies of B-lymphoid, T-lymphoid, and Myeloid acute leukemias.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed2000

TRITON: in silico construction of protein mutants and prediction of their activities.

MOTIVATION: One of the objectives of protein engineering is to propose and construct modified proteins with improved activity for the substrate of interest. Systematic computational investigation of many protein variants requires the preparation and handling of a large number of data files. The type of the data generated during the modelling of protein variants and the estimation of their activities offers the possibility of process automatization. RESULTS: The graphical program TRITON has been developed for modelling protein mutants and assessment of their activities. Protein mutants are modelled from the wild type structure by homology modelling using the external program MODELLER. Chemical reactions taking place in the mutants active site are modelled using the semi-empirical quantum mechanic program MOPAC. Semi-quantitative predictions of mutants activities can be achieved by evaluating the changes in energies of the system and partial atomic charges of active site residues during the reaction. The program TRITON offers graphical tools for the preparation of the input data files, for calculation and for the analysis of the generated output data. AVAILABILITY: The program TRITON can run under operating systems IRIX, Linux and NetBSD. The software is available at http://www.chemi.muni.cz/lbsd/triton.ht ml.

Binding Sites↗