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At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Formation of the digestive system in zebrafish. I. Liver morphogenesis.

Despite the essential functions of the digestive system, much remains to be learned about the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for digestive organ morphogenesis and patterning. We introduce a novel zebrafish transgenic line, the gutGFP line, that expresses GFP throughout the digestive system, and use this tool to analyze the development of the liver. Our studies reveal two phases of liver morphogenesis: budding and growth. The budding period, which can be further subdivided into three stages, starts when hepatocytes first aggregate, shortly after 24 h postfertilization (hpf), and ends with the formation of a hepatic duct at 50 hpf. The growth phase immediately follows and is responsible for a dramatic alteration of liver size and shape. We also analyze gene expression in the developing liver and find a correlation between the expression of certain transcription factor genes and the morphologically defined stages of liver budding. To further expand our understanding of budding morphogenesis, we use loss-of-function analyses to investigate factors potentially involved in this process. It had been reported that no tail mutant embryos appear to lack a liver primordium, as assessed by gata6 expression. However, analysis of gutGFP embryos lacking Ntl show that the liver is in fact present. We also find that, in these embryos, the direction of liver budding does not correlate with the direction of intestinal looping, indicating that the left/right behavior of these tissues can be uncoupled. In addition, we use the cloche mutation to analyze the role of endothelial cells in liver morphogenesis, and find that in zebrafish, unlike what has been reported in mouse, endothelial cells do not appear to be necessary for the budding of this organ.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Phenotypic expression of mast cell granule proteinases. Distribution of mast cell proteinases I and II in the rat digestive system.

The distribution of mast cell granule proteinases in the rat digestive system was determined immunohistochemically. The population of toluidine blue-staining mast cells was accounted for by cells containing either rat mast cell proteinase I (RMCPI) or rat mast cell proteinase II (RMCPII). Granules in greater than 90% of RMCPI-containing cells stained red after the Alcian blue/safranin sequence, whereas all RMCPII-containing mast cells stained blue. The red/RMCPI phenotype was typical of the connective tissue mast cells (CTMC) that populate the proximal, non-mucosal, regions of the digestive system, and was also abundant in the serosa and in rectal and gastric muscularis. The blue/RMCPII phenotype, absent from non-mucosal sites except for rare cells in intestinal submucosa and muscularis, predominated in all mucosal tissues and resembled mucosal mast cells (MMC). A third, minor population of cells containing RMCPI but staining blue in the Alcian blue/safranin sequence was detected in both non-mucosal and mucosal tissues. Blue/RMCPI mast cells were rare in the small intestine but more frequent in the mucosa of the stomach and large intestine and in the connective tissues. It is suggested that granule proteinase phenotyping may provide an alternative technique in the analysis of mast cell heterogeneity.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Disorders affecting the digestive system during sleep].

AIMS: In this work we review the major publications dealing with disorders that affect the digestive system and how they are related to sleep. Development. Sleep disorders occur in 12-25% of the general population and a large percentage of these pathologies are related to disorders of the digestive system. We review the different pathologies and symptoms linked to the digestive tract that give rise to sleep disorders. The study first examined the upper digestive tract, that is, the teeth and teeth grinding, and we then went on to look at gastroesophageal reflux, esophageal motility disorders, peptic ulcer disease, cholelithiasis, gastric ulcer, irritable bowel, proctalgia, the extent to which the disorders are related to pregnancy, disorders at the paediatric age and eating disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Digestive pains during sleep form a heterogeneous clinical picture that disrupts patients' sleep and exerts an influence on their quality of daily living, which in turn may affect sleep and favour the appearance of pains. To date these symptoms have received relatively little attention, but in the few studies that have been carried out, it has not been possible to establish with any degree of accuracy whether sleep and the digestive system share common control mechanisms or not. Research into this type of disorders could help to prevent the appearance of the complications that appear in these clinical pictures.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Ontogenetic features of the accumulation and restoration of thiamine of the digestive system organs in white rats].

Accumulation and renewal of thiamine in tissues of the uneven-aged rats have been investigated. The activity of thiamine-metabolizing and thiamine-retaining systems is shown to decrease in tissues of the digestive system with aging; the same refers to the intensity of enterohepatic recirculation of that vitamin. These phenomena underlie the revealed retardation of the thiamine renewal in organs of the digestive system.

Aging↗
PubMed2003

Digestive system manifestations in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To explore digestive system manifestations in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). METHOD: The clinical data of 96 cases with SARS admitted into our hospital from February 6, 2003 to March 28, 2003 were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: Among the 96 cases, 26 cases (27%) had diarrhea, 17 (18%) had nausea, 6 (6%) had vomiting, 16 (17%) had bellyache, and 8 (8%) had ALT elevation. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with SARS may have digestive system manifestations; diarrhea is the most common symptom.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Demonstration of nutrient pathway from the digestive system to oocytes in the gonad intestinal loop of the scallop Pecten maximus L.

The mechanism of nutrient transfer from the digestive system to the gonad acini and developing oocytes was investigated in the gonad-intestinal loop system of the queen scallop Pecten maximus L. Ferritin was injected directly into the purged intestine of specimens from the wild. Subsequently, a histochemical reaction and transmission electron microscopy were used to localize ferritin in various cell types. Ferritin was rapidly absorbed by the intestinal epithelium, and then appeared in hemocytes in the surrounding connective tissue. In the hemocytes, ferritin was stored in variously sized inclusions, as well as in the general cytoplasm. In all sections examined for the 12 experimental individuals, hemocytes were always found in association with connective tissue fibers extending from the base of the intestinal epithelium to gonad acini. After 30-min incubation, ferritin appeared inside the acini of all individuals. Ferritin-bearing cells were rarely found in association with male acini or gametes, nor with mature female gametes, but often with developing female gametes. Not all individuals showed the same temporal dynamics of ferritin transport, suggesting that nutrient transfer to oocytes is either not a continuous process, or that among individuals, transfer is not synchronized on short time scales. This is the first demonstration of a pathway of nutrient transfer from the intestine, and more generally the digestive system, to developing oocytes in the Bivalvia.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Effects of cryoprotectants on the viability and activity of freeze dried recombinant yeasts as novel oral drug delivery systems assessed by an artificial digestive system.

The aim of this study was to investigate, in a gastric-small intestinal system TIM-1, the effect of cryoprotectants on the survival of freeze-dried Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing the heterologous P450 73A1 and their ability to convert trans-cinnamic acid into p-coumaric acid. Yeasts were lyophilized in suspensions of trehalose, maltose, lactose, or a milk proteins/trehalose mix. Freeze-dried or native yeasts and trans-cinnamic acid were introduced simultaneously into TIM-1 at the beginning of digestion. Yeast survival rate was evaluated by cell counting in the ileal effluents. P450 73A1 activity was followed by HPLC assay of p-coumaric acid. Freeze-dried yeasts showed high tolerance to digestive conditions. Nevertheless, their survival rate was lower than that of non-dried cells (around 80% whatever the protective agent vs. 96%). The ability of recombinant freeze-dried S. cerevisiae to perform a bioconversion reaction in the digestive tract was shown with all the protectants. The highest trans-cinnamic acid conversion rate (24 vs. 41% for native yeasts) was obtained with the milk proteins/trehalose mix. These results show that freeze-drying might be considered for the pharmaceutical formulation of new drug delivery systems based on orally administered recombinant yeasts and that TIM-1 could be a helpful tool for the pre-screening of oral dosage forms.

Cryoprotective Agents↗
PubMed1996

Comparative study of the digestive system of three species of tinamou. I. Crypturellus tataupa, Nothoprocta cinerascens, and Nothura maculosa (Aves: tinamidae).

The morphology and histology, as well as the cytochemistry of complex carbohydrates, of the digestive system of Crypturellus tataupa (tataupa tinamou), Nothoprocta cinerascens (brushland tinamou), and Nothura maculosa (spotted tinamou) are described. The general morphology of the digestive system of these birds follows the basic model of the avian alimentary canal, although statistical analysis shows that the lengths of the organs are significantly different among the species. From cephalic to caudal regions the alimentary tract consists of esophagus, ingluvies or crop, proventriculus or glandular stomach, ventriculus or muscular stomach, small intestine, well-developed ceca, and rectum. Histologically, each section of the tract consists of four primary tissue layers: mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and adventitia. Variations are found in the thickness of the esophageal epithelium, which shows the highest value in C. tataupa. In the proventriculus, the depth of the compound glands is greatest in N. cinerascens. The villi of the epithelial cells in the small intestine are most extensively developed in C. tataupa. Heterogeneity of mucins is detected not only in the surface coat of the alimentary tract but in the cellular content of the glands as well. Comparisons with the morphology of the digestive system of closely related and more advanced birds are made, and the possible relationship between morphological and cytochemical variation and the diet is discussed.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed2002

[116 multiple primary cancers in the digestive system].

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, strategy of treatment and prognosis of multiple primary cancers in the digestive system. METHODS: All malignant lesions in the digestive system encountered in the past 10 years were analysed by a computer software. RESULTS: 116 cases of multiple cancers were observed with an incidence of 1.74%. Male to female ratio was 2.7:1. There were 62 synchronous carcinomas and 54 metachronous ones. In decreasing sequence, they were: colon > stomach > rectum > liver. The 1-, 3-and 5-year survival rates of the synchronous ones were 42.3%, 23.1% and 11.5%. Those of metachronous ones were 95.2%, 85.7% and 76.2%. CONCLUSION: High frequency of multiple primary cancers is found in the colon, especially over the right side. Metachronous carcinomas usually give better prognosis than the synchronous ones. The longer the interval between the development of the two primary lesions, the better the prognosis. Multiple cancers of the colon have satisfactory prognosis. The key to improve the treatment is to be vigilant against lesions in the digestive tract so as to arrive at a timely diagnosis and treatment. The strategy of combining radical treatment with immuno-supportive therapy is advocated.

Colonic Neoplasms↗
PubMed2005

Excretion and detection of SARS coronavirus and its nucleic acid from digestive system.

AIM: To study whether severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) could be excreted from digestive system. METHODS: Cell culture and semi-nested RT-PCR were used to detect SARS-CoV and its RNA from 21 stool and urine samples, and a kind of electropositive filter media particles was used to concentrate the virus in 10 sewage samples from two hospitals receiving SARS patients in Beijing in China. RESULTS: It was demonstrated that there was no live SARS-CoV in all samples collected, but the RNA of SARS-CoV could be detected in seven stool samples from SARS patients with any one of the symptoms of fever, malaise, cough, or dyspnea, in 10 sewage samples before disinfection and 3 samples after disinfection from the two hospitals. The RNA could not be detected in urine and stool samples from patients recovered from SARS. CONCLUSION: Nucleic acid of SARS-CoV can be excreted through the stool of patients into sewage system, and the possibility of SARS-CoV transmitting through digestive system cannot be excluded.

Digestive System↗
PubMed1994

[Food conversion in the digestive system of juvenile bulls. 2. Digestion of carbohydrates].

Each of ten rations containing 60% feed concentrate were tested on two bulls which were a fistulated at the duodenum. The carbohydrate contents varied considerably. Carbohydrate digestion in the forestomach was estimated by the detergent and Anthron methods and by quantitative gas chromatographic analysis for carbohydrate monomers. Apparent starch digestibility for starch-rich rations varied between 97.8 and 99%. Between 60 and 144 g of starch was found at the duodenum/animal.d in the case of the cereal-containing rations, the highest values being found for the one containing maize. The apparent digestibility of sugar was about 99%. The amount of sugar found at the duodenum varied between 16 and 67 g animal.d. Analysis by gas chromatography revealed that the feeds yielded less hemicelluloses than calculated from the difference NDF-ADF. The only other sugars found in appreciable amounts at the duodenum were arabinose and xylose.

Animal Feed↗