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PubMedDate not supplied

Pulsed magnetotherapy in Czechoslovakia--a review.

Pulsed magnetotherapy has been used in Czechoslovakia for more than one decade. It has been proved that this type of physical therapy is very efficient mainly in rheumatic diseases, in paediatrics (sinusitis, enuresis), and in balneological care of patients suffering from ischaemic disorders of lower extremities. Promising results have also been obtained in neurological diseases (multiple sclerosis, spastic conditions) and in ophthalmology, in degenerative diseases of the retina.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Some results of hemosorption columns development and usage in Czechoslovakia.

Hemoperfusion columns packed with active charcoal and a synthetic resin have been manufactured in Czechoslovakia since 1983. In both cases the sorption packings are coated with a layer of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate). The columns are manufactured in two sizes: for adults (800 ml) and for children (400 ml). The manufacturer is OPS Kolín: the number of columns manufactured so far is 3400.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Frances Elisabeth Crowell and the politics of nursing in Czechoslovakia after the first world war.

The firmly entrenched, negative attitude regarding the nurse in Czechoslovakia was a major deterrent to the development of nursing education in that country after the First World War. Social work was the culturally acceptable form of caring activity for educated women who perceived nursing as a hospital function performed by the religious orders and the less educated. Alice Masaryk, an innovative force in addressing social welfare problems after the war, reinforced this perception. Despite her early investigative experience in social welfare in American settlements before the war, Masaryk gave no indication that she was aware of the recent progress in the development of nursing in America. Her attitude fostered the indecisiveness of the ministers who lacked a clear understanding of nursing and who were reluctant to make any innovative changes that would modernize the profession. Furthermore, older physicians were content with the current nursing situation and did not share younger physicians' visions of a public health team that included well-educated nurses. Crowell had to negotiate within this political and cultural environment where the major figures struggled against proposed changes that may have seemed not only expensive, but also unsettling to their way of life. She recognized the necessity of respecting the Czech position and cooperating with them in attaining an amicable solution. Her educational and professional background, and the European cultural insights she had gained during her years in the U.S. supported her well in meeting this challenge.

Czechoslovakia↗
PubMed1975

[Blood parasites of small wild mammals in Czechoslovakia].

The author investigated 4,853 specimens of wild living small mammals (43 species: Insectivora, Chiroptera, Lagomorpha, Rodentia, Carnivora) from Czechoslovakia for blood parasites. Trypanosomes were found in Talpa europaea, Sorex alpinus, Crocidura suaveolens, Myotis myotis, Apodemus sylvaticus, Apodemus flavicollis, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, Clethrionomys glareolus and Microtus agrestis. Babesia was detected in Myotis emarginatus, Myotis myotis, Clethrionomys glareolus, Microtus arvalis and Microtus agrestis. Grahaemella was found in Talpa europaea, Sorex araneus, Neomys fodiens, Neomys anomalus, Myotis emarginatus, Myotis myotis, Apodemus sylvaticus, Apodemus flavicollis, Apodemus microps, Apodemus agrarius, Mus musculus, Clethrionomys glareolus, Arvicola terrestris, Pitymys subterraneus, Microtus arvalis, Microtus agrestis, and Microtus oeconomus. Spontaneous Bartonella-infection was ascertained in one Microtus arvalis and, in erythrocytes of one Sorex araneus, parasitic organisms very similar to Bartonella were found.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Migratory trends in former Czechoslovakia.

The authors analyze migration trends in the former Czechoslovakia. "Most attention is focused on the search for specificities of two sorts. On the one hand this is the peculiarity of the geographical organization of the migratory relationships in a concrete territory as a secondary specification of a general pattern (the effect of the peculiarities in the location and hierarchical differentiation of the centres, the positional exposure of the regions, etc.) and on the other hand...about the peculiarities resulting from the distorted control of the society." Sections are included on macroregional differentiation, the position of Prague, and the prospective development of migration. (SUMMARY IN CZE)

Czechoslovakia↗
PubMed1992

[Phagotypes of the Salmonella paratyphi B strains isolated in Czechoslovakia 1986-1991].

The author presents an account of phagotypes of 70 strains of Salmonella paratyphi B isolated in 1986-1991 incl., from patients suffering from typhus B and registered carriers, isolates from river water and also from three new cases of carriers in Czechoslovakia. These isolated strains were sent for typing of Salmonellae to a Bratislava department for phagotyping. According to lytic findings with standard bacteriophages the strains were classified into 8 types. Another group is formed by strains which cannot be typed in the critical dilution (RTD) nor in its tenfold concentration (19.1%). During the investigation period the subtype 3aI (38.3%) and the phage type Taunton (21.9%) were most frequent.

Bacteriophage Typing↗
PubMed1992

[Findings of body lice (Pediculus humanus L.) in Czechoslovakia].

The first finding of body lice in Czechoslovakia since year 1945 is demonstrated. The determination of the species is based on the location of the louse on the body of the infested person and on the significant differences in the length of tibia of middle legs in these lice and those collected from the head of children. Local eradication was achieved by using formulation containing permethrin, against head lice.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Gyrodactylus bohemicus sp. n. (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) from Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) and Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill) (Clupeiformes: Salmonidae) in Czechoslovakia.

Gyrodactylus bohemicus sp. n (Gyrodactylidae: Monogenea) is described from the fins, skin and gill filaments of Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) and Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill) (Clupeiformes: Salmonidae) from a trout farm in Czechoslovakia. G. bohemicus sp. n. is most closely related to G. thymalli Zitnan, 1960 and G. magnus Konovalov, 1967 in the shape of the anchors, the ventral and the dorsal bar, but can be distinguished from both these species by the shape of the marginal hook proper.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Anti-hantavirus antibodies in human sera in Czechoslovakia.

By indirect immunofluorescence using antigens of hantavirus Hantaan and CG 18-20 on Vero E6 cells were examined 5,827 samples of sera from 5,299 probands of Czechoslovakia. In 49 persons (0.94%) were found antibodies of titres 1:32 and higher. Two groups of elderly farm workers showed a cluster of positive individuals amounting to 9.9% and 29.4% respectively. The ratio of positivities in some other, randomly and specifically selected groups was deep below 1%. The partial results for the group of farmers were confirmed by RIA test. Occasionally antibodies only to one of the hantavirus serotypes, at other time, to both were found. The authors discuss the findings of antibodies of the two serotypes in humans as related to the evidenced existence of two hantavirus antigen serotypes in animals.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[The first isolation of Dermatophilus congolensis van Saceghem 1913 in Czechoslovakia].

The authors present a report on the first detection of the strain Dermatophilus congolensis in Czechoslovakia. The strain was isolated from ulcerations on the dorsal part of the foot of a 47-year-old patient who previously worked for several years in Libya. Based on examinations of smears from cultures of an isolated strain and four strains from a collection, from experimental dermatofilosis of a rabbit the authors describe the micromorphology of strains of D. congolensis under a light and electron microscope (transmission an and raster microscope). They describe the colonial morphology, haemolytic properties and in particular detail the haemolytic interaction of strains of D. congolensis with Streptococcus agalactiae, Rhodococcus equi and with strains of S. aureus (monoproducers of beta-haemolysin and delta-haemolysin resp.). They assessed the sensitivity of strains of D. congolensis to some staphylococcal bacteriocin-like substances.

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed2004

[The first conferences of dialysis nurses and staff in Czechoslovakia].

After successful seminars of dialysis nurses from the Clinic of Internal Medicine in Plzen in 1974, 1975 and 1976 the Board of the Czechoslovak Society of Nephrology entrusted the Dialysis Centre from the Clinic to organise national conferences for dialysis staff. The first conference of dialysis staff took place in 1978 in the hotel Solidarita at Spicák. Following conferences were taking place in the manor Zinkovy near Plzen till 1989. To establish independent dialysis conferences was necessary because of a rich content of those conferences and an effort not to limit traditional nephrology at nephrology congresses. The conferences always took from 2 to 3 days and dialysis physicians, technicians and nurses participated in. Since 1981 selected professionals from abroad took part in them too. Participants of the conferences and members of the Czech Society of Nephrology who always had their meetings during the conferences think that nephrology conferences contributed to progress in dialysis and transplantation area in our country. Dialysis nurses in Plzen made a special contribution to organization of conferences which lead to giving those conferences a nickname the Conferences of Dialysis Nurses. Since 1980 the national conferences in Zinkovice alternated with national conferences in Eastern Slovakia lead by professor Mydlík. There were no other conferences of dialysis staff organised in the Czechoslovakia within years 1978-1989.

Congresses as Topic↗
PubMed1992

Health and environment in Czechoslovakia.

The study summarizes basic information on environmental conditions and health status of the Czechoslovak population. It analyzes the relationships between health and environmental conditions, and Appendix brings the comprehensive results of relevant studies performed in Czechoslovakia. The analytic results suggest the quality of Czechoslovak ecology as unsatisfactory, which in some localities, e.g. North Bohemia coal fields, Prague, Ostrava, is next to critical, with heavy impact on the population's health. The Czechoslovak citizens are more prone to falling ill, die sooner than their peers in the majority of European and non-European countries. In addition to the specific effects of individual factors and life style also immunity, reproduction cycle, metabolic processes etc. become involved in the health-living conditions relationships. All these influences are responsible for high rates of morbidity due to the so-called civilization diseases. Inevitably, the only possible solution is to protect effectively human healthy by protecting his living conditions, i.e. environment and life style.

Czechoslovakia↗
PubMed1991

Epidemiological and clinical study of tuberculosis in the Kolin district, Czechoslovakia.

A research study was in progress in a Czech district (100,000 inhabitants) in the years 1961-1972 with the aim to analyze the epidemiological situation of tuberculosis and the impact and effectiveness of control measures. Most of the conclusions are still valid and have their role in present tuberculosis programmes in Czechoslovakia or in other countries, too. There were recommended sensitive epidemiological indices and methods by which the actual situation should be characterized, changed or monitored: direct smear-positive cases and their importance, reevaluation of BCG vaccination and revaccination, as well as of case-finding and economic aspects of chemotherapy. The study built up fundamental prerequisites of a modern approach to tuberculosis control.

BCG Vaccine↗
PubMed1991

[Activities of administered radiopharmaceuticals and population dose from nuclear medicine in Czechoslovakia].

The authors assessed by means of questionnaires the activities of radiopharmaceuticals administered in departments of nuclear medicine in Czechoslovakia. The mean activities of individual radiopharmaceuticals are roughly equal as in Great Britain but lower than in the Canadian province of Manitoba. The differences of activities used in different departments are approximately equal in all compared countries. In the Czech Republic the annual collective effective dose equivalent from nuclear medicine was 433 Sv in 1983 and 609 Sv in 1987. The mean effective dose equivalent per examination was 2.23 mSv in 1983 and 2.44 mSv in 1987. The mean effective dose equivalent per inhabitant of the Czech Republic was 0.042 mSv in 1983 and 0.059 mSv in 1987. The radiation dose of the Czech population from nuclear medicine amounts approximately to one tenth of the load from radiodiagnostics.

Czechoslovakia↗
PubMed1991

Parasitic protozoa of cyprinid fishes: protozoa of the roach Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus, 1758) in Czechoslovakia.

In the years 1985-1988, a total of 254 specimens of the roach, Rutilus rutilus, captured in 23 localities of South Bohemia, were examined for the presence of protozoan parasites. Only 17 specimens (6.7%) were free of infection, whereas the others were infected at least with one parasite species, mixed infections were observed most frequently. The following species were found rarely: Myxidium rhodei Léger, 1905 in the liver and muscles. Pleistophora mirandellae Vaney et Conte, 1901 in ovaries, Trichodina nemachili Lom, 1960 on the skin, Trichodina prowazeki Grupcheva et Lom, 1980 on the skin (the first finding in Czechoslovakia). The data concerning localization of individual parasites and their prevalence are presented and five protozoan species described in detail.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Hantaviruses in small wild living mammals in Czechoslovakia. Results of a 1983-1989 study.

During a 7- year period were hunted small wild living mammals and examined by ELISA and RIA techniques for the presence of hantavirus antigen and/or antibodies by MFA. In total 3,050 animals of 16 species caught in 9 out of 10 regions of Czechoslovakia, were examined. The proportion of positive animals was 4.4%. To the positive ones with the serotype 2 (Western type) belonged the following: M. arvalis, C. glareolus, P. subterraneus, A. sylvaticus, A. flavicollis. To the Eastern serotype: A. agrarius in eastern Slovakia, A. flavicollis in North of Bohemia and A. sylvaticus in South of Moravia. The repeatedly examined localities were found to be either repeatedly positive or repeatedly negative. The antigen titres in the lungs of M. arvalis were constant irrespective of sex and season of capture. They were, however, much higher in young animals, whereas the proportion of positivities was higher in adults ones. The titres of antigen in the lungs of C. glareolus never exceeded those of M. arvalis.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Dissemination of arboviruses transmitted by mosquitoes in Czechoslovakia and the epidemiologic consequences].

In Czechoslovakia three new arboviruses isolated from mosquitoes were discovered--Tahyna, Calovo and Lednice--which circulate on our territory. The submitted paper summarizes the results of long-term oecological studies of these viruses, in particular their vectors and hosts. The differences between individual viruses in this respect are very marked and from them also differences in the circulation of these viruses follow. There are also very marked differences in their distribution, as apparent from the isolation of 83 strains of the viruses from more than 263,000 mosquitoes 61 of whom belong to the Tahyna virus, 15 to the Calovo virus and 7 to the Lednice virus. The Tahyna virus was isolated from 8 mosquito species, virus Calovo and Lednice only from a single one. While vectors of the Tahyna virus, mainly from the genus Aedes, are widespread as far as biotypes, radius of action and hosts are concerned, and they attack man, vectors of the Calovo and Lednice virus--Anopheles maculipennis s.l. and Culex modestus--have much more restricted activities as regards biotype, radius of action, hosts and contact with humans. The above reasons explain also the high prevalence of antibodies against the Tahyna virus in the population living in the natural focus of this virus and the relatively high number of diseases, in particular in children, where every seventh influenza--like case and every fifth case with manifestations of meningoencephalitis can be ascribed to this virus. The low prevalence of antibodies the Calovo virus in humans is explained by the marked zoophilia of vectors of this virus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Care for cystic fibrosis patients in Czechoslovakia.

A long-term study was carried out in a group of 325 patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) aged 6 months to 34.5 years who lived in Czechoslovakia to December 31, 1988. Care for CF patients is concentrated in so called CF centres which are established mainly by children's clinics. The patients have been systematically examined both clinically and in the laboratory. There is a close cooperation with the department of rehabilitation. Special attention is paid to psychological and social problems of patients and their families. Care for patients older than 18 years is provided in the departments of internal medicine and respiratory diseases for adults. Due to a complex care coordinated by CF centres the mean age of surviving CF patients has kept on increasing and the quality of their life has been improving.

Adolescent↗