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PubMed2000

Work-related cumulative trauma disorders and interpreters for the deaf.

With the passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), increasing numbers of interpreters for the deaf are being employed in education, industry, or other settings. Professional interpreters are at risk for developing cumulative trauma disorders due to the nature of their work which involves rapid repetitive movements of the arms and hands. One hundred forty-five interpreters for the deaf responded to a survey questionnaire designed to identify their work experiences and development of physical pain/discomfort related to work. Incidence and duration of pain/discomfort is positively correlated with hours worked and time of onset. Regardless of age, training, or work experience, 119 (82%) of these respondents experienced disabling pain/discomfort during and following work. Thirty-nine (33%) of the 119 respondents indicated onset of pain or discomfort in the wrist and hand. These data suggest that interpreting for the deaf may result in debilitating pain/discomfort in hands, arms, shoulders, and back if the interpreter is not appropriately prepared to compensate for physical and attentional stresses. Implications include the need to provide periods of rest while working and to provide training for students learning to interpret for the deaf to minimize physical stress while working.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Outcome studies in industry: cost-effectiveness of cumulative trauma disorder prevention.

Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) is a method for choosing between alternative strategies to achieve a specified outcome in an environment of limited resources. This paper discusses the use of CEA in evaluating prevention strategies in industrial settings, using cumulative trauma disorder (CTD) prevention programs as an example. Methodologic issues in designing studies of cost-effectiveness for preventive interventions are discussed. A decision analysis model of a CTD prevention program is described as a means of studying the program's cost-effectiveness. The relationship between CEA and outcomes research, and the strengths and limitations of CEA in evaluating occupational health prevention programs is considered.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
PubMed2005

Cumulative trauma disorders in betel pepper leaf-cullers visiting a rehabilitation clinic: experience in Taitung.

BACKGROUND: Betel pepper (Piper betle L.) cultivation is an important agricultural industry in Taitung, Taiwan, and culling leaves is very labor-intensive. This case study compares the proportion of cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs) between cullers and those with other occupations. METHODS: Patients with musculoskeletal disorders in the rehabilitation clinic of a local hospital in Taitung were enrolled. This all female cohort was divided into a culler group (betel pepper cullers, n = 20), and a non-culler group (other occupations, n = 47). Three cullers were interviewed, and were also recorded to elucidate the related ergonomics. Patients were diagnosed using plain radiography and ultrasonography. RESULTS: The act of culling involves an overhead internal rotation of both shoulders with extended elbows while standing, followed by wrist flexion and forearm pronation. Flexing of the fingers is also required by the tools, 'iron nails' fitted onto both thumbs. The proportions of patients with shoulder impingement syndrome (SIS) and carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) were significantly higher among cullers than non-cullers (0.45 vs. 0.15, p = 0.011 and 0.40 vs. 0.06, p = 0.002, respectively). Furthermore, the total frequency of CTDs displayed a positive linear correlation with employment duration (r = 0.618, p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Proportions of occupational SIS and CTS were higher among betel pepper cullers than those with other occupations. These CTDs may have resulted from a prolonged static posture and repetitive motions during culling.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Cumulative trauma disorder controls: the ergonomics program at Ethicon, Inc.

Over the past 10 years, Ethicon, Inc., has developed a successful program for the management of cumulative trauma disorders. The program is based on a multidisciplinary approach created through the existence of an ergonomics task force. Various functions of the task force and examples of its operations are described.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ergonomic nursing workstation design to prevent cumulative trauma disorders.

The introduction of computerized nursing information systems offers health care institutions an opportunity to take a new look at safety issues related to nursing workstation design. Industrial studies have investigated the injuries sustained by clerical workers who spend long periods of time at their computers. Cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs) are the most common injuries associated with computerized workstation use. They account for nearly 90,000 injuries each year in the United States. Typical CTDs include back pain, strain of the neck, shoulders and eyes, and carpal tunnel syndrome. As the information handling work of nurses is increasingly computerized, the incidence of computer-related injury is expected to increase. Injury rates can be reduced by ergonomic workstation design. An assessment of potential risks associated with the equipment installed should be done as part of workstation design. Risk identification is a prerequisite for avoiding injuries by designing workstations that protect human health. The ergonomic principles learned and tested on office workers are addressed and extrapolated to nursing workstation design. Specific suggestions for design of sitting and standing workstations are presented.

Computer Terminals↗
PubMed1994

Active surveillance for the control of cumulative trauma disorders: a working model in the newspaper industry.

Health and risk factor surveillance is a critical aspect of an effective ergonomics process. Physical therapists are becoming increasingly involved in many components of the ergonomics process, including health and risk factor surveillance. The purpose of this study was to develop and implement a multistaged active surveillance program for the management and control of cumulative trauma disorders. The surveillance program was established at three newspaper companies consisting of 1,150 employees. This study focused on the first three stages of the multistage surveillance model, which incorporates the use of symptom and job factor questionnaires, specific anatomical surveys, and clinical detection tests. The results of the study indicated that 1) musculoskeletal symptoms in the back, neck, and hands accounted for the majority of reported missed work among the newspaper workers; 2) production workers had a higher prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms than office workers; and 3) the prevalence of probable carpal tunnel syndrome among the newspaper workers was 1.5%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Hand wrist cumulative trauma disorders in industry.

A total of 574 active workers from six different industrial sites were categorised into four force repetitive exposure groups. Workers in low force-low repetitive jobs served as an internal comparison population for the three other groups. Videotapes and surface electromyography were used to estimate hand force and repetitiveness. The presence of cumulative trauma disorders (CTD) was determined by structured interview and standardised non-invasive physical examination. Only workers who had been working on the study jobs for at least one year at the time of evaluation were eligible for selection. Categorisation of jobs and identification of CTDs were carried out independently by investigators who were appropriately blinded to exposure and outcome. The analysis of associations between CTDs and exposure categories were performed using Mantel-Haenszel plant adjusted odds ratios and unconditional multiple logistic regression. Significant positive associations were observed between hand wrist CTDs and high force-high repetitive jobs. These associations were independent of age, sex, years on the specific job, and plant.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The risk of vibrations to the hand-arm system and cumulative trauma disorders in shoe manufacturing: a clinical case report].

The article reports the case of a woman working in a shoe factory who had been using vibrating tools for 5 years. Because of paresthesia in her left hand, in 1989 she underwent various diagnostic trials that revealed an initial carpal tunnel syndrome of the left wrist and a homolateral epicondylitis. Measurement of the vibrations transmitted to the hand from the vibrating tool confirmed the probability of a high risk of exposure for the hand-arm system. Such adverse effects have been described by British authors as "cumulative trauma disorders" and were confirmed in this study. The importance of further studies aimed at estimating the type and degree of exposure to vibrations in shoe manufacturing workers is stressed.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome↗