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PubMed2002

Be of good courage.

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Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Historical landmarks in operations on the colon--surgeons courageous.

PURPOSE: The nearly 300-year history of surgery of the colon is replete with creative daring among surgeons who conquered the challenges of operating on this highly contaminated organ, housed in the sacrosanct peritoneal cavity. METHODS: Alexis Littre's suggestion in 1710 that a colostomy may be successful in treating an infant with imperforate anus began an evolutionary process of extraperitoneal colostomy for obstructing carcinomas, and then, an intraperitoneal approach, which enhanced surgical evaluation of the tumor and optimal placement of the stoma. Reybard's introduction of sigmoid resection in 1823, followed by post-Lister contributions of Mickulicz, Paul, Murphy, Miles, Hartmann, and other 19th- and early 20th-century surgeons, paved the way for current successes in colon surgery. RESULTS: The morbidity and mortality, which still accompanies surgery on the colon, often results from a failure of today's surgeon to apply those principles so meticulously documented by colon and rectum surgery historians. CONCLUSIONS: The individual, who performs a Miles abdominoperineal resection, a Hartmann procedure, or any other of the classic operations on the colon, gains much by studying the original philosophy and technique of these pioneers in the field.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Comparison of two pH meters used for skin surface pH measurement: the pH meter 'pH900' from Courage & Khazaka versus the pH meter '1140' from Mettler Toledo.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Measurement of skin surface pH is used in clinical research to evaluate hazardous shifts in pH following external exposures and to evaluate the state of diseased skin with acute or chronic changes. It is therefore important to measure skin surface pH as precisely as possible. The aim of this study was to compare two commercially available pH meters used for skin surface pH measurement, to reveal differences between them in measured skin pH on the forearm. METHODS: The first pH meter (pH900) had a pointed electrode and a stabilisation period of 3 s. The second pH meter (pH meter 1140) had a circular electrode and no fixed stabilisation period. Twelve healthy subjects (6 male and 6 female Caucasians) entered the study. The pH measurements were performed once an hour from 8 a.m. to 3 p.m. on both forearms in five areas from the elbow to the "wristwatch" zone. In each area, three measurements were performed next to each other with both pH meters (15 measurements per arm per hour per pH meter). RESULTS: The pH900 has a higher measuring level and a higher variation than the pH meter 1140. CONCLUSION: A skin surface pH meter with a circular electrode and with no fixed stabilisation period is preferable. It is recommended that the pH meter be allowed to stabilise for at least 7 s before the result is read.

Female↗