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At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

The modulation of neurotransmitter synthesis by steroid hormones and insulin.

Glucocorticoids stimulate tyrosine hydroxylase activity and catecholamine synthesis, while markedly inhibiting acetylcholine synthesis and storage in the a clone of sympathetic nerve-like cells. Nerve growth factor enhances the effect of glucocorticoids on tyrosine hydroxylase. The steroid effect is specific for glucocorticoids, since 11-desoxycortisol, testosterone, and estradiol-17 beta do not reproduce the effects of hydrocortisone and dexamethasone. Concomitant with the shift in neurotransmitter synthesis, there is an increase in the mean diameter of intracellular dense core vesicles. In contrast to glucocorticoids, insulin increases the specific activity of choline acetyltransferase through the interaction with typical insulin receptors. Insulin does not, however, alter the morphology of the cells, nor does it block the morphological response of the cells to nerve growth factor.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1984

Rapid diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia by high performance liquid chromatography.

This manuscript describes methods for the quantitation of serum concentrations of 17-hydroxyprogesterone and 11-deoxycortisol (Compound S) employing reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultraviolet (UV) absorbance which are applicable to the diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to deficiencies of 21- and 11-hydroxylase activities, respectively. These methods are simple, specific, precise and rapid. Data obtained by the HPLC-UV methods are highly correlated (p less than 0.001) with radioimmunoassay measurements.

17-Hydroxycorticosteroids↗
PubMed1993

Determination of cortisol and associated glucocorticoids in serum and urine by an automated liquid chromatographic assay.

We describe a method for the determination of urinary free cortisol and glucocorticoids in plasma, used in the diagnosis of adrenal disorders, based on automated reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The within-day and day-to-day CVs were less than 5.5 and 8.0%, respectively. The calibration curves for cortisol and 11-deoxycortisol were linear up to 2000 nmol/L. Cortisol concentrations as low as 3.5 nmol/L in 1 mL of plasma or urine can be measured. Correlation of HPLC results for 40 plasma specimens with those by radioimmunoassay showed r = 0.965. This method is sensitive and free from the interference habitually encountered in immunoassays, and can thus be proposed for research and as a potential reference method.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Maturational steroids and gonadotropin in upstream migratory sockeye salmon.

The circulating serum concentrations of various steroid hormones in mature sockeye salmon were measured at four different developmental stages in their upstream migration to spawn at Adams River in British Columbia, Canada. In females, a high level of estradiol-17 beta was found in fish at the first location, and it persisted until immediately before reaching the spawning grounds, 485 km upstream, where it decreased to a minimal level. Free testosterone was extremely high throughout the migration but decreased significantly after spawning while its glucuronide changed reciprocally. Free and conjugated 17 alpha, 20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17 alpha, 20 beta-P) peaked at the last location before spawning with the glucuronide only 20% of the free steroid in concentration. After spawning, the concentration of free steroid declined but the glucuronide remained constant. 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone increased significantly in serum before and after the fish had spawned. During the migration 11-deoxycortisol was present in the serum at all stages but maximal levels were found in postspawned fish. Throughout the migration, the males had high serum levels of 11-ketotestosterone. Lesser amounts of free testosterone were also consistently present but the ratio of free: conjugated decreased from 1.7 at the beginning of the migration to 0.15 on the arrival at the Adams River and 0.10 in postspawned fish. Only low levels of 11 beta-hydroxytestosterone were found except in the postspawned males where the value was equal to one-half that of free testosterone. As in the females, there was a substantial increase in the levels of 17 alpha, 20 beta-P and its glucuronide in the males captured at the spawning grounds. In both sexes gonadotropin levels were low during the migration and high in the postspawned fish.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Steroidogenesis in the yellow corpuscles (adrenocortical homolog) in a holostean fish, the bowfin, Amia calva L.

Yellow corpuscles from the ventral surface of the anterior kidney in bowfins (Amia calva L.) converted [7-3H]pregnenolone to radioactive 11-deoxycortisol, cortisol, and corticosterone in vitro. Aldosterone was not detected. Cortisol was the predominant steroid at the end of a 3-hr incubation period (20 degrees C). These experiments are the first to demonstrate steroidogenesis in holostean yellow bodies and they are the first incubations with pure adrenocortical tissue, free of head kidney, in any bony fish. White corpuscles of Stannius located along the total length of the kidneys were incubated under identical conditions but adrenocortical steroids were not found.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1988

Endocrine changes during gonadal maturation and spawning in the orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus Collett), a teleost from the midslope waters off New Zealand.

Orange roughy were sampled at all stages of the reproductive cycle by trawling at depths of 700-1200 m off the coast of New Zealand. Blood samples were collected from live fish, and changes in plasma levels of gonadal steroids were correlated with gonadal development and spawning. Plasma androgens were low in spent and regressed fish of both sexes and increased during gametogenesis to peak early in the spawning period at 6.6 and 9.4 ng.ml-1 for males and females, respectively. Androgen levels dropped to near basal levels over successive days during the first week of spawning in both prespawning and ovulated or spermiated fish. Falls in plasma androgens were not accompanied by increasing levels of plasma 17 alpha,20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17 alpha,20 beta P) which remained at or near assay detection limits throughout. 11-Deoxycortisol (11-DOC) was present in the plasma of both sexes but did not change in concert with reproductive development. 17 beta-Estradiol was present in low concentrations (maximum 0.9 ng.ml-1 plasma) in recrudescing females, whereas estrone was detectable but not elevated at any stage. 17 alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone was not detectable in the plasma of any fish at any time. It is suggested that neither 17 alpha,20 beta P nor 11-DOC were active as maturation-inducing steroids (MIS) in orange roughy and that androgens may act as MIS. If the recorded fall in androgens was due to synthesis of another steroid from a common precursor, then the unidentified steroid does not appear to have been involved in stimulating final gamete maturation, but may have some action in initiating spawning behavior.

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone↗
PubMed1989

Radioimmunoassay investigations of 20 beta-hydroxylated steroids in maturing/ovulating female rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri).

Radioimmunoassays, combined with thin-layer chromatography, have been used to test for the presence of 17 alpha,20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one, 17 alpha,20 beta,21-trihy-droxy-4-pregnen-3-one, and 20 beta-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one, and for the presence of their 5-pregnene and 5 alpha-pregnane analogs, in the blood and ovarian incubation media of maturing/ovulating female rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). All of these steroids have previously been shown to be more or less equipotent in in vitro oocyte final maturation assays. Only two steroids were found: 17 alpha,20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one, the presence of which has already been firmly established, and 17 alpha,20 beta, 21-trihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one, which has not been previously identified in rainbow trout. The amounts of 17 alpha,20 beta, 21-trihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one found in vivo and in vitro were, however, only 1-1.5% of those of 17 alpha,20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one, and therefore seem unlikely to play a significant role in the induction of oocyte final maturation.

17-Hydroxycorticosteroids↗
PubMed1989

Isolation of a novel maturation-inducing steroid produced in vitro by ovaries of Atlantic croaker.

All the steroids produced by Atlantic croaker ovaries during final oocyte maturation (FOM) were assayed for their ability to induce germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) of croaker oocytes in vitro. Ovarian tissue in the process of FOM was removed from Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus) and incubated with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and pregnenolone in tissue culture medium for 8 hr. Steroids were extracted from the medium and fractionated by HPLC and TLC. Fractions were bioassayed for their potency to induce GVBD of Atlantic croaker oocytes in vitro. 17 alpha, 20 beta,21-Trihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20 beta-dihydro-11-deoxycortisol, 20 beta-S) was identified as the predominant steroid product and the major maturation-inducing steroid produced by the ovary of Atlantic croaker in vitro. A small amount of another steroid with equal potency to induce GVBD was tentatively identified as 17 alpha,20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17 alpha,20 beta-P4); however, over ten times more 20 beta-S than 17 alpha,20 beta-P4 accumulated in the incubation medium. Trace amounts of testosterone and estradiol-17 beta were also isolated. Ovarian tissue incubated under more physiological conditions, without the addition of excess pregnenolone, failed to produce 17 alpha,20 beta-P4. These results provide further evidence that 20 beta-S is a major maturation-inducing steroid in Atlantic croaker.

17-Hydroxycorticosteroids↗