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Results for “Constriction, Pathologic”

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PubMedDate not supplied

[The Doppler test: its practical importance in the study of lesions of the supra-aortic trunks].

Ultrasonography by the Doppler effect is of indisputable use in the investigation of lesions of the supra-aortic trunks leading to the brain. It allows a direct study of the extracranial carotidian and vertebral axes, and gives an idea of the intracerebral circulation. It detects the main lesions affecting them, provided that such lesions have hemodynamic repercussions. The Doppler does not replace arteriography, but is a complementary exam making it possible to decide on or to dismiss the need for it. Its harmlessness and simplicity make it a standard exam in cerebral vascular pathology.

Arterial Occlusive Diseases↗
PubMed2006

Structural remodeling of the renal vascular bed during experimental pulmonary stenosis and after its correction.

Renal vessels in pups with experimental pulmonary stenosis, animals with corrected defect, and control dogs were examined by histological and morphometric methods. Pulmonary stenosis was followed by remodeling of the renal vascular bed and adaptive and pathological reconstruction of veins, arteries, and glomeruli. Correction of the defect was followed by regression of pathological changes.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Noncirrhotic extrahepatic and intrahepatic portal hypertension.

A variety of conditions may lead to the development of portal hypertension in the absence of cirrhosis. In virtually all cases, increased resistance to flow at the level of the portal vein, sinusoids, or hepatic vein is the major contributing factor to the elevated portal pressure, although increased flow may be a contributor in certain instances. Variceal hemorrhage is the major complication of these disorders, but is better tolerated than in cirrhosis because of better hepatocellular function. Therapy should in general be conservative and directed toward any underlying pathology, where such can be identified.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Relationship among mediators, inflammation, and volume history with antigen versus hyperpnea challenge in guinea pigs.

Paralyzed mechanically ventilated guinea pigs constricted to a similar degree by either isocapnic hyperpnea or antigen challenge display significantly different lung resistance (RL) volume history responses to a deep breath. We compared bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) mediator profiles, BAL total protein concentrations, and tissue histopathology of antigen-constricted (AC), hyperpnea-constricted (HC), and control guinea pigs to determine whether patterns of volume history near peak constriction could be related to specific patterns of lung mediators, indices of microvascular leakage, or severity of tissue inflammation assessed pathologically. Methacholine constricted (MC) animals served as a second control group for assessing the effects of direct smooth-muscle contraction on indices of inflammation and volume history responses. Our results show that despite similar baseline and postchallenge RL, HC and MC animals displayed significant constriction reversal after a deep lung inflation, whereas AC animals did not. BAL concentrations of prostaglandin D2(PGD2), thromboxane B2 (TxB2), and leukotriene C4/D4/E4 (slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis, SRSA) were significantly elevated in both AC and HC animals compared with control and MC animals, with AC and HC BAL differing only with respect to PGD2 values (AC 2.4-fold higher). BAL total protein in AC animals was significantly greater than in HC, MC, and control animals. Histopathology showed significant peribronchial and interstitial cellular inflammation in AC animal specimens, whereas specimens from HC animals had little or no inflammation. Differences in volume history responses observed between equally constricted AC, HC, and MC animals may be due to differences in airway and/or parenchymal microvascular leak and cellular inflammation.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1995

[Plastic surgery in stenoses and intraoperative injuries of the urinary tract].

The author showed the practical significance and expediency of performing reconstructive-plastic operations (57 patients) in surgical correction of severe pathology of the urinary tract. The indications for plastic operations were stenoses of various etiology, intraoperative traumas of the urinary tract, contracted bladder and the consequent ureterohydronephrosis, renal insufficiency. The choice of the tactics and method of surgical treatment should be strictly substantiated and based on the individual features of the urinary system pathology, the character of the intraoperative trauma of the ureter and bladder and its possible after-effect on the kidney. Taking into account the variability of the pathology and the length of the cicatricial narrowing of the pelvic-ureteral segment and ureter, and the degree of kidney constriction, variations of plastic operations differing in the complexity of the techniques were applied. These were small in volume flap plastics of the pelvic-ureteral segment and ureter (Calp-de-Virda, Baori, Demela) and intestinal plastics of the bladder in one of the modifications. The possibility of plastic operations in restoration of physiological urination and social rehabilitation of patients with urinary fistulas was determined. According to early and late-term postoperative follow-up, the results of the operation were favorable in 91.3% of cases. Postoperative mortality in different periods (7 days to 3 years) was 8.7%.

Adolescent↗