Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Computer Programs And Programming”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Comparative evaluation of the IBM (12-lead) and Royal Infirmary (orthogonal three-lead) ECG computer programs.

A comparison of two computer programs for ECG interpretation was undertaken. Twelve-lead ECGs from 300 patients with various clinical abnormalities were interpreted at the National Institutes of Health using version 1 of the IBM program and corresponding orthogonal three-lead ECGs were analyzed by the Glasgow Royal Infirmary (GRI) program. Interpretations were compared with respect to the clinical documentation, wherever possible, and with each other directly in the case of diagnostic statements for which non-ECG documentation was not available. The two programs had a similar performance in determining abnormalities such as myocardial infarction and ventricular hypertrophy. However, with respect to conduction defects and ST-T-wave statements, certain discrepancies between the two program performances were revealed. There were 222 disagreements between various diagnostic statements. GRI was judged correct in 119 of these disagreements and IBM in 70. In these 189 cases the disagreement could most often be accounted for by different criteria and/or algorithms in the two programs or by the use of different ECG lead sets. The remaining 33 disagreements had to be classified as inconclusive.

Cardiomegaly↗
PubMed2004

Evolutionary computer programming of protein folding and structure predictions.

In order to understand the mechanism of protein folding and to assist the rational de-novo design of fast-folding, non-aggregating and stable artificial enzymes it is very helpful to be able to simulate protein folding reactions and to predict the structures of proteins and other biomacromolecules. Here, we use a method of computer programming called "evolutionary computer programming" in which a program evolves depending on the evolutionary pressure exerted on the program. In the case of the presented application of this method on a computer program for folding simulations, the evolutionary pressure exerted was towards faster finding deep minima in the energy landscape of protein folding. Already after 20 evolution steps, the evolved program was able to find deep minima in the energy landscape more than 10 times faster than the original program prior to the evolution process.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

A computer program for calculating ratio estimates.

A computer program is described to calculate ratio estimates for an endpoint measured on patient subunits, such as progression of disease in coronary arteries and extent of dental caries. The program calculates ratio estimates for levels of stratification factors measured in the patient as a unit, e.g. age and sex. Test statistics are computed to evaluate differences in ratio estimates for factors with two levels. A method for making pairwise comparisons for factors with more than two levels is also described, but is not computed by the program. Data from the Veterans Administration Study of Bypass Surgery (Am. J. Cardiol. 40 (1977) 212-225) are used to illustrate the features of the program.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1988

Use of a portable computer program to assist behavioral treatment in a case of obsessive compulsive disorder.

This case study describes the development and use of a portable computer program to assist in behavioral treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. A 58-year-old female with a 37-year history of compulsive checking rituals, who had mild improvement following 36 months of standard behavioral techniques and pharmacotherapy, showed improved compliance with behavioral treatments of exposure and response prevention following use of the portable computer program. Computer records indicated marked reductions in frequency of checking rituals and a 91-week follow-up indicated that treatment effects were maintained at home where the patient had resumed using the laptop computer. She had stopped using the pocket computer outside the home, and there her checking rituals had returned to baseline levels.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed2004

Efficient and accurate determination of the overall rotational diffusion tensor of a molecule from (15)N relaxation data using computer program ROTDIF.

We present a computer program ROTDIF for efficient determination of a complete rotational diffusion tensor of a molecule from NMR relaxation data. The derivation of the rotational diffusion tensor in the case of a fully anisotropic model is based on a six-dimensional search, which could be very time consuming, particularly if a grid search in the Euler angle space is involved. Here, we use an efficient Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm combined with Monte Carlo generation of initial guesses. The result is a dramatic, up to 50-fold improvement in the computational efficiency over the previous approaches. This method is demonstrated on a computer-generated and real protein systems. We also address the issue of sensitivity of the diffusion tensor determination from (15)N relaxation measurements to experimental errors in the relaxation rates and discuss possible artifacts from applying higher-symmetry tensor model and how to recognize them.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1999

A simple computer program for guiding management of cardiovascular risk factors and prescribing.

OBJECTIVE: To describe, and to test against trial data, a simple and flexible computer program for calculating cardiovascular risk in individual patients as an aid to managing risk factors and prescribing drugs to lower cholesterol concentration and blood pressure. DESIGN: Descriptive comparison of actual cardiovascular risk in randomised controlled trials of cholesterol reduction with risk predicted by a computer program based on the Framingham risk equation. Comparison of the program's performance with that of tables and guidelines by means of hypothetical case examples. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Average risk of coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction. RESULTS: The computer program accurately predicted baseline absolute risk in a UK population as well as the relative and absolute reduction in risk from cholesterol lowering for primary prevention of coronary heart disease. The program also allowed a more refined estimate of absolute risk of coronary heart disease than some existing tables and enabled the impact of prescribing decisions to be quantified and costed. CONCLUSIONS: This simple computer program to estimate individuals' cardiovascular disease risk and display the benefits of intervention should help clinicians and patients decide on the most effective packages of risk reduction and identify those most likely to benefit from modulation of risk factors.

Anticholesteremic Agents↗
PubMed1998

The use of an interactive computer program for the education of parents of asthmatic children.

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether an interactive computer program improves the asthma knowledge of parents of asthmatic children attending a respiratory clinic, and to assess the acceptability of this educational method to parents. METHODOLOGY: Parents' knowledge was assessed before and one month after using the computer program. Knowledge scores were compared using paired Student's t-tests. Parents' comments about the program were invited. RESULTS: Whilst knowledge scores improved after exposure to the computer program, the improvement was not statistically significant (P=0.06). However, parents felt subjectively that the program was both enjoyable and useful to them. CONCLUSION: Used as the sole instrument for asthma education, the program did not produce a large increase in asthma knowledge in the study population. It was, however, universally popular and may prove useful in other settings and in combination with other forms of asthma education.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Evolution of a computer program for classifying protein segments as transmembrane domains using genetic programming.

The recently-developed genetic programming paradigm is used to evolve a computer program to classify a given protein segment as being a transmembrane domain or non-transmembrane area of the protein. Genetic programming starts with a primordial ooze of randomly generated computer programs composed of available programmatic ingredients and then genetically breeds the population of programs using the Darwinian principle of survival of the fittest and an analog of the naturally occurring genetic operation of crossover (sexual recombination). Automatic function definition enables genetic programming to dynamically create subroutines dynamically during the run. Genetic programming is given a training set of differently-sized protein segments and their correct classification (but no biochemical knowledge, such as hydrophobicity values). Correlation is used as the fitness measure to drive the evolutionary process. The best genetically-evolved program achieves an out-of-sample correlation of 0.968 and an out-of-sample error rate of 1.6%. This error rate is better than that reported for four other algorithms reported at the First International Conference on Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology. Our genetically evolved program is an instance of an algorithm discovered by an automated learning paradigm that is superior to that written by human investigators.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Comprehensive restriction enzyme lists to update any DNA sequence computer program.

Restriction enzyme lists are presented for the practical working geneticist to update any DNA computer program. These lists combine formerly scattered information and contain all presently known restriction enzymes with a unique recognition sequence, a cut site, or methylation (in)sensitivity. The lists are in the shortest possible form to also be functional with small DNA computer programs, and will produce clear restriction maps without any redundancy or loss of information. The lists discern between commercial and noncommercial enzymes, and prototype enzymes and different isoschizomers are cross-referenced. Differences in general methylation sensitivities and (in)sensitivities against Dam and Dcm methylases of Escherichia coli are indicated. Commercial methylases and intron-encoded endonucleases are included. An address list is presented to contact commercial suppliers. The lists are constantly updated and available in electronic form as pure US ASCII files, and in formats for the DNA computer programs DNA-Strider for Apple Macintosh, and DNAsis for IBM personal computers or compatibles via e-mail from the internet address: NETSERV@EMBL-HEIDELBERG.DE by sending only the message HELP RELIBRARY.

DNA Restriction Enzymes↗
PubMed1999

A palmtop computer program for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder.

This is the first report of a palmtop computer program developed to increase the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The computer program offers advantages to researchers, therapists, and clients. These advantages include continuous, unobtrusive collection of process data on treatment adherence as well as on the impact of cognitive behavioral therapy techniques in the client's natural setting. In addition, the computer extends treatment beyond the therapy hour and motivates clients to comply with homework assignments by prompting practice of cognitive behavioral strategies. The successful application of the palmtop computer program reported in this integrated series suggests a new line of research directed toward increasing the cost-effectiveness of what is currently the gold-standard treatment for GAD.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Sequence determination of oligosaccharides and regular polysaccharides using NMR spectroscopy and a novel Web-based version of the computer program CASPER.

A WWW-interface to a program for structure elucidation of oligo- and polysaccharides using NMR data, CASPER, is presented. The interface and the underlying program have been extensively tested using published data and it was able to simulate 13C NMR spectra of >200 structures with an average error of about 0.3 ppm/resonance. When applied to the repeating units of Escherichia coli O-antigens the published structures were found among the five highest ranked structures in 75% of the cases. The average deviation between calculated and experimental 13C chemical shifts was 0.45 ppm. Oligosaccharide spectra were calculated with even better accuracy (0.23 ppm/resonance) and the correct structure was ranked 1st or 2nd in all the cases examined. Additional NMR experiments that may be required to distinguish between candidate structures are aided by the assignments provided by the program. This computational approach is also suitable for use in structural confirmation of chemically or enzymatically synthesized oligosaccharides. The program is found at http://www.casper.organ.su.se/casper.

Carbohydrate Sequence↗
PubMed2003

CHECKDEN: a computer program to generate 1D, 2D and 3D grids of functions dependent on the molecular ab initio electron density.

A program to compute many functions dependent on the electron density rho(r) from the results of ab initio molecular calculations is presented. The program allows the generation of different one-, two-, and three-dimensional grids for further graphical representation or numerical analysis. Other options like extracting separate atom contributions to the function computed or locating maximum and minimum values are also implemented. A number of illustrative applications regarding different rho(r)-dependent functions are presented and the performance and portability of the program is discussed.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

Computer program to generate operant schedules.

A computer program for programming schedules of reinforcement is described. Students can use the program to experience schedules of reinforcement that are typically used with nonhuman subjects. A cumulative recording of a student's responding can be shown on the screen and/or printed with the computer's printer. The program can also be used to program operant schedules for animal subjects. The program was tested with human subjects experiencing fixed ratio, variable ratio, fixed interval, and variable interval schedules. Performance for human subjects on a given schedule was similar to performance for nonhuman subjects on the same schedule.

Conditioning, Operant↗
PubMed1991

Repeated plasma volume determination with the Evans Blue dye dilution technique: the method and a computer program.

This paper describes a reliable multiple sample Evans Blue dye dilution technique and a Pascal program which computes plasma and blood volume on the basis of this technique. The program performs needed corrections and dye disappearance curve fitting. It provides menu-driven facilities for data correction, graphic display of the dye disappearance curve, and print-out of all the involved data. Means +/- S.E.M. for three plasma volume determinations in each of six resting subjects were: 3239 +/- 96 ml, 3189 +/- 81 ml, and 3187 +/- 102 ml. The differences were not statistically significant.

Blood Volume↗
PubMed2006

FACTOR: a computer program to fit the exploratory factor analysis model.

Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) is one of the most widely used statistical procedures in psychological research. It is a classic technique, but statistical research into EFA is still quite active, and various new developments and methods have been presented in recent years. The authors of the most popular statistical packages, however, do not seem very interested in incorporating these new advances. We present the program FACTOR, which was designed as a general, user-friendly program for computing EFA. It implements traditional procedures and indices and incorporates the benefits of some more recent developments. Two of the traditional procedures implemented are polychoric correlations and parallel analysis, the latter of which is considered to be one of the best methods for determining the number of factors or components to be retained. Good examples of the most recent developments implemented in our program are (1) minimum rank factor analysis, which is the only factor method that allows one to compute the proportion of variance explained by each factor, and (2) the simplimax rotation method, which has proved to be the most powerful rotation method available. Of these methods, only polychoric correlations are available in some commercial programs. A copy of the software, a demo, and a short manual can be obtained free of charge from the first author.

Behavioral Research↗
PubMed1986

A generic computer program for systematic desensitization: description, construction and case study.

A computer program designed to provide systematic desensitization for phobias is described. Clients are taught by computer-aided instruction to develop their own personalized phobic hierarchy which is then used by the computer as the phobic stimulus in desensitization proper. The results of a pilot trial with an agoraphobic client indicate that the computer program was successful.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

SEQPWR and SEQOPR: computer programs for design of maximum information trials based on group sequential logrank tests.

The maximum information trial paradigm for clinical trials with failure time data was recognized and has been investigated. With the maximum information trial paradigm, a study is concluded when a prespecified maximum number of events of interest, thus maximum information, has been accrued if there was no early stopping due to treatment difference or lack thereof. We present two interactive FORTRAN programs for use in designing maximum information trials based on group sequential logrank tests. The program SEQPWR computes the attainable power of group sequential logrank tests given the combinations of the accrual and follow-up durations. The program SEQOPR allows the users to investigate the operating characteristics of the maximum information trial given the information fractions of interim analyses. A clinical trial from the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group is provided to illustrate the usage and features of the programs.

Algorithms↗