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PubMedDate not supplied

The impact of geophagy on ranging behaviour in Phayre's leaf monkeys (Trachypithecus phayrei).

Resource use is known to influence the ranging behaviour of primates, and this effect may be pronounced when the resource is uncommon in the environment. Here we investigate the effect of geophagy on the ranging behaviour of Phayre's leaf monkeys (Trachypithecus phayrei) in the Phu Khieo Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand. UTM coordinates were collected via GPS from the group centre every 30 min during all-day follows of one study group over a 4-month period. On days during which the group visited a distant saltlick (n = 3), the monkeys travelled significantly further (p < 0.001), significantly faster (p < 0.001) and with fewer stops compared to non-saltlick days (n = 61). Saltlick visits also increased the home range size from 73.7 ha to 93.4 ha. Increased daily path length, increased travel speed and consistent pace are necessary because of the distance from the saltlick to the regularly used portion of the home range, and these reflect the import- ance of soil consumption to the leaf monkeys.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed1993

Preliminary results from a field study of wild Guizhou snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus brelichi).

The Guizhou snub-nosed monkey, Rhinopithecus brelichi, is a large-bodied colobine confined to the subtropical semi-deciduous forests of Fanjing Mountain Reserve in Guizhou province, southwest China. Field work beginning in 1979 and including 10 months of intensive study in 1991 has revealed several aspects of the behavior and ecology of this species that are distinct from other colobines, including the closely related species R. roxellana and R. bieti. The Guizhou snub-nosed monkey is arboreal, traveling through the trees by quadrupedal walking, climbing, leaping, semibrachiation and (occasionally) by full brachiation. Terrestrial locomotion is use occasionally. Social organization centers around family groups of 5-10 individuals with a single adult male. Many family groups range and rest together in large, semicohesive bands. These bands may split up or coalesce temporarily to form large aggregations of over 400 animals and perhaps more. All-male groups of 2-5 adult or subadult males are found on the periphery of the bands.

Aging↗
PubMed1993

Classification and evolution of Asian colobines.

In order to study the differentiation of Asian colobines, 14 variables measured on 123 skulls, including Rhinopithecus, Presbytis, Presbytiscus (Rhinopithecus avunculus), Pygathrix and Nasalis were analyzed by one-way, cluster and discriminant function analyses. Information on paleoenvironmental changes in China and southeast Asia since the late Tertiary was used to examine the influences of migratory routes and range of distribution in Asian colobines. A cladogram for 6 genera of Asian colobines was constructed from the results of various analyses. Some new points or revisions were suggested: (1) Following one of two migratory routes, ancient species of Asian colobines perhaps passed through Xizang (Tibet) along the northern bank of the Tethys sea and through the Heng Duan Shan regions of Yunnan into Vietnam. An ancient landmass linking Yunnan and Xizang was already present on the east bank of the Tethys sea. Accordingly, Asian colobines would have two centers of evolutionary origin: Sundaland and the Heng Duan Shan regions of China. (2) Pygathrix shares more cranial features with Presbytiscus than with Rhinopithecus. This differs somewhat from the conclusion reached by Groves. (3) Nasalis (karyotype: 2n = 48) may be the most primitive genus among Asian colobines. Certain features shared with Rhinopithecus, e.g. large body size, terrestrial activity and limb proportions, can be interpreted as symplesiomorphic characters. (4) Rhinopithecus, with respect to craniofacial features, is a special case among Asian colobines. It combines a high degree of evolutionary specialization with retention of some primitive features thought to have been present in the ancestral Asian colobine.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[Physiological adaptations of sichuan golden monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana) to high altitude habitat in the Qinling Mountains].

The golden monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana) is a special species in China, and possesses the highest altitude habitat (4,167 m) in all kinds of primates. So it is very important to study this monkey how to adapt to such a high and severe habitat. According to our research results in recent years and relative publications, this paper, from digestive, respiratory, blood, circulative and reproductive systems, inquired into the Sichuan golden monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana), a named species for golden monkey, how to adapt to the high altitude habitat in the Qinling Mountains and what was the mechanism of these adaptations.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1997

[Mitochondrial DNA sequence evolution and conservation relevance of snub-nosed langurs].

The classification and phylogenetic relationships of the snub-nosed langurs (Rhinopithecus) are still open questions. We have sequenced a mitochondrial cytochrome b gene fragment from R. roxellana, R. bieti, R. avunculus and Presbytis phayrei. There are 47 sites (19%) characterized by variation. A series of evolutionary trees with concordant topology has been derived by using parsimony, maximum likelihood and distance methods, which may have resolved the evolutionary relationships of the three golden monkey species. R. bieti is more closely related to R. avunculus than to R. roxellana. The divergence among those three species occurred about 2-6 million years ago. Our results suggest that Rhinopithecus is a valid genus, and avunculus should be placed into this genus. Our non-invasive genetic analysis provided useful information for the genetic management of the captive population at the Kunming Institute of Zoology.

Animals↗