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At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Removal of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and fibrinogen by precipitation with heparin at low pH: clinical application and experience.

The clinical application of a new extracorporeal procedure (HELP) for the selective elimination of low-density lipoproteins and fibrinogen by heparin precipitation at acid pH is described. Plasma, obtained by filtration of whole blood through a 0.2 micron filter is continuously mixed with an equal volume of an acetate buffer (pH 4.85) containing heparin. After removal of the precipitated heparin complex by filtration, excess heparin is adsorbed to a specially developed filter, and the clear plasma filtrate is subject to bicarbonate dialysis/ultrafiltration to restore physiologic pH and remove excess fluid. The calculated efficiency for the elimination of low-density lipoproteins and fibrinogen from plasma by HELP is 100% and is therefore comparable to conventional plasmapheresis. However, the HELP system shows a high degree of specificity, with over 80% of total protein being returned to the patient. A total of over 350 treatment procedures have now been performed. Patient compliance and acceptance have been excellent, and no major complications have been observed. The system is therefore suitable for the treatment of severe hyper-beta-lipoproteinemia; its use for the treatment of coronary heart disease is currently under investigation in a prospective multicenter study in which treatment efficiency will be controlled by coronary angiography on 45 patients treated with HELP over a period of 2 years.

Blood Component Removal↗
PubMed2001

A new hysteroscopic tubal embryo transfer catheter: development and clinical application.

OBJECTIVE: Development and clinical application of a new hysteroscopic tubal embryo transfer catheter. METHOD: Catheterization was performed in 60 patients at hysteroscopic insemination into tube, using 3 French catheters, in which the distal 3, 4, and 5 cm tapered to 2 French. Hysteroscopic tubal embryo transfer and conventional IVE-ET were performed in 30 patients with normal tubes, who failed to achieve pregnancy after 2 IVF-ET trials. RESULT: The success rate of complete insertion with the catheter tapering at the distal 3 cm was significantly higher than that at the distal 5 cm. Since we obtained the highest success rate of insertion with the catheter tapering at the distal 3 cm, we selected this catheter for the h-TEST. The rate of pregnancy in h-TEST was significantly higher than that in conventional ET. CONCLUSION: The h-TEST using our catheter was useful for establishing pregnancy in assisted reproduction.

Catheterization↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Delayed hyperenhancement by contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging: Clinical application for various cardiac diseases.

The clinical applications of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for defining viability are evolving as a result of the advantage of the technique's excellent spatial resolution. The value of delayed hyperenhancement imaging is for the accurate identification of the infarcted myocardium with resolution that allows determination of the transmural extent of myocardial injury. In addition, nonischemic patterns of myocardial injury such as dilated or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy have been reported in other disease states. Delayed hyperenhancement may have an additional role in guiding the management of or determining the prognosis for diseases such as myocarditis. In this study, the clinical application of delayed hyperenhancement is demonstrated for various cardiac diseases such as myocardial infarction, including right ventricular infarction; microvascular obstruction; and nonischemic cardiomyopathy such as dilated cardiomyopathy and myocarditis.

Contrast Media↗
PubMed2006

Advances and challenges in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based proteomics profiling for clinical applications.

Recent advances in proteomics technologies provide tremendous opportunities for biomarker-related clinical applications; however, the distinctive characteristics of human biofluids such as the high dynamic range in protein abundances and extreme complexity of the proteomes present tremendous challenges. In this review we summarize recent advances in LC-MS-based proteomics profiling and its applications in clinical proteomics as well as discuss the major challenges associated with implementing these technologies for more effective candidate biomarker discovery. Developments in immunoaffinity depletion and various fractionation approaches in combination with substantial improvements in LC-MS platforms have enabled the plasma proteome to be profiled with considerably greater dynamic range of coverage, allowing many proteins at low ng/ml levels to be confidently identified. Despite these significant advances and efforts, major challenges associated with the dynamic range of measurements and extent of proteome coverage, confidence of peptide/protein identifications, quantitation accuracy, analysis throughput, and the robustness of present instrumentation must be addressed before a proteomics profiling platform suitable for efficient clinical applications can be routinely implemented.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1995

Constructing clinical applications: the GALEN approach.

A common problem for developers of clinical applications is coping with the diversity of medical language. Medical language as it is used all over the world varies widely, while the referents for these words stay essentially the same. Software developers must reconcile this diversity with the practical necessity of producing applications that are usable in a variety of hospitals, while ensuring that information can be shared between applications. Existing approaches center around coding and classification schemes, but these approaches must be supplemented by a range of sophisticated terminological services in order for the language barriers to be overcome. To address this, the GALEN project is developing an application called the Terminology Server to provide such a range of terminological services (e.g., conceptual and multilingual services). The software is built upon a re-usable core model of medical terminology. This paper reports on the development of a clinical application called the SCUI (Structured Clinical User Interface) which draws on these GALEN technologies and illustrates an innovative approach to the construction of future clinical applications. The SCUI was specifically developed and tested in the context of infectious diseases to satisfy the demands made by the medical intensive care unit on the Geneva Hospital's microbiology laboratory.

Clinical Laboratory Information Systems↗
PubMed1993

[An outline of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists (2)--In clinical applications].

This paper described an outline of clinically applications of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists, mainly on ondansetron, which control nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy. Clinically, 5-HT3 receptor antagonists demonstrated significantly superior antiemetic effects to metoclopramide which has been prescribed for relatively long time. The response rates for granisetron and those for ondansetron were different due to the different categorical scales. However, when the same scale was applied, similar efficacies have been observed. Introduction of the tablet form may well broaden the clinical applications. Considering the highly evaluated safety, 5-HT3 receptor antagonists, from the viewpoints of clinical usefulness and safety, seems to be useful drugs for controlling nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed2007

White matter fiber tracking computation based on diffusion tensor imaging for clinical applications.

Fiber tracking allows the in vivo reconstruction of human brain white matter fiber trajectories based on magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (MR-DTI), but its application in the clinical routine is still in its infancy. In this study, we present a new software for fiber tracking, developed on top of a general-purpose DICOM (digital imaging and communications in medicine) framework, which can be easily integrated into existing picture archiving and communication system (PACS) of radiological institutions. Images combining anatomical information and the localization of different fiber tract trajectories can be encoded and exported in DICOM and Analyze formats, which are valuable resources in the clinical applications of this method. Fiber tracking was implemented based on existing line propagation algorithms, but it includes a heuristic for fiber crossings in the case of disk-shaped diffusion tensors. We successfully performed fiber tracking on MR-DTI data sets from 26 patients with different types of brain lesions affecting the corticospinal tracts. In all cases, the trajectories of the central spinal tract (pyramidal tract) were reconstructed and could be applied at the planning phase of the surgery as well as in intraoperative neuronavigation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Indirect calorimetry--a review of recent clinical applications.

There has been a resurgence of interest in the information provided by indirect calorimetry. In the past calorimetry was considered a research technique, but technological advances have made it applicable in many clinical situations. Recent clinical applications of this technique have been examined in this review.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

[Development and experimental investigation of an ultrasound myocardial stimulator for clinical application].

Recently there has been considerable experiments on biological and clinical application of ultrasound. However, the effect of ultrasound on cardiac function has not been fully understood. We have already reported the effect of the ultrasound myocardial stimulation (U.M.S.) in isolated rat heart. This study was undertaken to examine the potentiality of U.M.S. in clinical application. Twenty four mongrel dogs were divided into four groups, group I: ultrasound was irradiated in front half of the reperfusion time, group II: it was irradiated in last half of the reperfusion time group III: it was irradiated fully during the reperfusion time, group IV: it was not irradiated. The stimulator has the intensity of 1.5 W/cm2 in group I, II 0.1 W/cm2 in group III at the frequency of 1.23 MHz continuous wave, during early systolic phase (200 msec.) for twenty minutes. The right heart bypass model was used in the constant mean aortic pressure (75 mmHg) and rate (120 beats/min). The change in left ventricular function was defined as percent of control in the center of mass of Sarnoff curve. The change in end-diastolic, end-systolic segmental length and % shortening were measured. The result of left ventricular function recovery rate were follows, 74.9 +/- 9.13% in group I, 61.0 +/- 8.95% in group II, 78.7 +/- 14.1% in group III, 58.4 +/- 13.5% in group IV in measurement 1 (twenty minutes after reperfusion), and 77.6 +/- 9.45% in group I, 86.7 +/- 8.85% in group II, 86.8 +/- 16.3% in group III, 64.8 +/- 10.6% in group IV in measurement 2 (fifty minutes after reperfusion), indicating that U.M.S. had a significantly better recovery rates. As for end-diastolic, end-systolic segmental length and % shortening, the group that ultrasound was irradiated had a significantly better recovery in both measurement 1 and 2. CPK flow levels per minutes at 15, 35 minutes after reperfusion were significantly lower in the group receiving U.M.S. (p less than 0.05). Lactate extraction were higher in the group receiving U.M.S. at 35 and 45 minutes after reperfusion (p less than 0.05). Redox potential at 45 minutes after reperfusion were also found to be significantly higher in the group receiving U.M.S. (p less than 0.01). In conclusion, 1) U.M.S. possesses positive inotropic action. 2) U.M.S. also effective in preventing the occurrence of myocardial damage. 3) Myocardial metabolism was more aerobic in the group receiving U.M.S. particularly in group III (0.1 W/cm2). 4) These data indicated that U.M.S. has the potentiality in clinical application.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Somatosensory evoked potentials: Part II. A review of the clinical applications in pediatric neurology.

Fundamental to the clinical application of somatosensory evoked potentials is an understanding of the neural generators, the changes in disease states, and the effects of growth and maturation; aspects relevant to pediatric somatosensory evoked potentials were discussed previously (Part I). The importance of establishing normative data across age- and size-matched controls in the pediatric population, however, cannot be overstated. The following review of the clinical applications of somatosensory evoked potentials in pediatric neurology is based on a review of the literature and on the experience gained from over 900 studies performed in our laboratory during the last 4 years.

Child↗
PubMed1992

[Arterioembolization with shape memory angioembolus. Experimental study and clinical application].

The results of experimental study and clinical application of arterio-embolization induced by the conical spiral or rugby spiral type of shape memory angioembolus(Nitinol-Conical Rugby Embolus, NT-CRE) were reported. The NT-CRE has a spring coil as its base line and is formed like a conical spiral or rugby spiral which has a two-way memory effect. Through a period of 1-48 weeks observation on 74 angiographic and histological specimens of 39 target arteries from 20 experimental dogs showed that the NT-CRE has good histocompatibility and is effective for embolization in large-bored arteries. Clinical application on target arteries of 7 patients showed successful occlusion of blood flow in 5-18 minutes in arteries with internal diameters of 3.33-5.83 mm. The NT-CRE being of the two-way memory effect and its configuration of relatively close state render its catheterization and release into target vessel simple, save, rapid and effective. In the researches we have not found any complication of hemorrhage from ruptured blood vessels and misembolization from regurgitation.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Experimental research to clinical application of interferons].

The reports on the clinical application of interferon (IFN) have been increasing because human IFN can be produced on a large scale. However, the therapy of viral diseases and malignant tumors by IFN alone is limited from the data obtained so far. The combination of IFN therapy with other therapies should be considered. In this article, the fundamental studies on the combined therapy of IFN and other agents will be reviewed. As for the combined therapy of IFN and chemotherapeutic agents, the synergic or additive effect is recognized unless IFN and chemotherapeutic agent exist in the body at the same time. The combined therapy of IFN and radiation is effective when the tumor has been irradiated before the administration of IFN. The efficacy of the combined therapy of IFN and immunomodulators is confirmed in mouse experiment. The development of tumor transplanted into the mice is highly inhibited when IFN-alpha or beta and gamma are combined. At present, there is few reports about the combination therapy in the clinical application of IFN, although the data on the combination therapy are increasing in the animal experiments. The issues about the combination therapy will become important in the near future.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Clinical applications of MR cholangiopancreatography.

INTRODUCTION: We review the clinical applications of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and illustrate them with clinical examples. METHODS: A literature search was performed in MedLine using the keywords "MR cholangiopancreatography" and "MRCP". The relevant articles were reviewed. The radiology information system was searched for MRCP examinations performed from July 1999 to December 2002. A surgical database of resected cases was also referenced. Illustrative cases were chosen in consultation with surgical authors to show the clinical applications of MRCP. RESULTS: MRCP is useful for assessment of choledocholithiasis, choledochal cysts, pancreas divisum, primary sclerosing cholangitis, pancreatitis and anatomical variation of the biliary ducts. When complemented with dynamic gadolinium-enhanced studies, MRCP is useful for assessment of ductal cholangiocarcinoma, pancreatic and gall bladder neoplasms. Illustrative cases are provided. CONCLUSION: MRCP is an important modality for the clinical assessment of biliary and pancreatic disorders.

Bile Duct Neoplasms↗
PubMed2002

Clinical applications of laser scanning cytometry.

This study reviews existing and potential clinical applications of laser scanning cytometry (LSC) and outlines possible future developments. LSC provides a technology for solid phase cytometry. Fluorochrome-labeled specimens are immobilized on microscopic slides that are placed on a conventional epifluorescence microscope and analyzed by one or two lasers. Data comparable to flow cytometry are generated. In addition, the position of each event is recorded, a feature that allows relocalization and visualization of each measured event. The major advantage of LSC compared with other cytometric methods is the combination of two features: (a) the minimal clinical sample volume needed and (b) the connection of fluorescence data and morphological information for the measured event. Since the introduction of LSC, numerous methods have been established for the analysis of cells, cellular compartments, and tissues. Although most cytometric methods use only two or three colors, the characterization of specimens with up to five fluorochromes is possible. Most clinical applications have been designed to determine ploidy and immunophenotype; other applications include analyses of tissue biopsies and sections, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and the combination of vital and nonvital information on a single-cell basis. With the currently available assays, LSC has proven its wide spectrum of clinical applicability in slide-based cytometry and can be introduced as a standard technology in multiple clinical settings.

Apoptosis↗
PubMed1983

Clinical application of angiography of oral and maxillofacial hemangiomas. Clinical analysis of seventy cases.

Angiographic findings in seventy cases of maxillofacial hemangioma are reported. The tumors have been divided into four types: (1) plexiform hemangioma, (2) cavernous hemangioma with venous drainage, (3) cavernous hemangioma without venous drainage, and (4) the so-called "diffuse type" of cavernous hemangioma. The angiographic features of the four types are described, and clinical application is evaluated. The angiograms demonstrate the location, extent, blood supply, and drainage of the tumors and show whether they communicate intracranially, thus providing valuable criteria for planning and determining the mode of treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Hematopoietic growth factors: overview and clinical applications, Part I.

The growth and differentiation of blood cells is regulated by a group of at least 12 glycoproteins, collectively known as hematopoietic growth factors. Advances in protein biochemistry and molecular genetics have provided the tools for the bulk production of these hormones for clinical application. Clinical trials of macrophage colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and interleukin-3 have all demonstrated significant effects on the peripheral blood counts of the recipients. The clinical usefulness of these agents in ameliorating post-chemotherapy myelosuppression, in the treatment of other cytopenias, and in enhancing engraftment after bone marrow transplantation has already been demonstrated. Potential applications to the therapy and diagnosis of other clinical disorders is under study. The history of the elucidation of these growth factors, our current understanding of their properties, interactions, and clinical effects, and the potential prospects for their future use in the manipulation of human blood cell production are the subject of this review.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed2000

National guidelines for Swedish neonatal nursing care: evaluation of clinical application.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical application of national guidelines for neonatal nursing. DESIGN: Questionnaire survey. SETTING: Thirty-nine neonatal care units in Sweden. STUDY PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-five of 39 nurse managers at all Swedish neonatal care units. INTERVENTION: Thirteen clinical guidelines for neonatal nursing care were presented in 1997. Recommendations on evidence-based nursing care and auditing measures were given. Most neonatal units in Sweden participated in the guideline development. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Extent of guideline application, ways in which the guidelines were used and perceived usefulness. RESULTS: The guidelines were applied to different extents in 30 of the 35 units. Almost all the guidelines were applied, especially those covering general nursing care. In total, 72 Quality Improvement (QI) projects were reported, of which 51 concerned specific topics covered in the guidelines. Twenty units applied the guidelines as a starting point for QI. Four units evaluated nursing practice against the guidelines. Four factors [Dynamic Standard Setting System (DySSSy) as the QI method, > or = 4 years of practice as nurse manager, experience of nursing research, and good staff resources] were closely related to a more extensive application of the guidelines. Units with both a nurse manager and an assistant nurse manager were more likely to have used the guidelines as the basis for changing clinical practice. CONCLUSIONS: The guidelines were successfully disseminated and diffused, but practitioner involvement in guideline development did not guarantee implementation. Downsizing, leadership and facilitation seemed to be crucial factors when getting evidence into practice. Limited occurrence of evaluations of clinical practice against guideline recommendations suggests a need for valid and user-friendly measures.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗