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At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Bacteriologic studies on the preservation of bone implants].

High demands on freedom from germs are made on auditory ossicles to be used as implants. Postoperative infections often result from the existence of germ-contaminated ossicles. That is why we undertook microbiological examinations, using three frequently applied preserving methods for auditory ossicles kept for tympanoplasties. The results of the examinations were: Disinfection by Cialit (often used in clinical practice) produced unsatisfactory results. Disinfection by ethyl alcohol (70 per cent) and a subsequent treatment with thiomersal-Ringer's solution (0.4 per cent) yielded satisfactory results. Disinfection by preservation with an aqueous solution of formalin and subsequent treatment with Cialit proved most effective. None of the applicated germs could be regrown.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Experimental heterograft tracheal transplants in animals. II (author's transl)].

In sequence with an earlier publication on the results of heterograft tracheal transplants in animals, changes in the Formol-Cialit preserved heterogenous tracheal grafts were studied by light microscopy, and by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Two main queries arise. Where does the graft respiratory epithelium come from, and what happens to the grafted tracheal cartilage? We found that in the epithelium of graft the number of ciliated cells decreased and that there was ultrastructure evidence of cilial destruction, the goblet cells increased in number, there was a loss of strict polarity of the respiratory epithelium, subepithelial accumulations of cells of probable epithelial origin appeared, and there was a subepithelial accumulation of lymphocytes just beneath the basal lamina. Resorption and transformation of the grafted tracheal cartilage into connective tissue was also observed. Hence, the following conclusions may be made. (1) Small tracheal defects can be corrected by Formol-Cialit preserved heterologous grafts. (2) The mucosa of the host trachea produces a functioning respiratory epithelium in the graft. (3) Tracheal grafts should not exceed 2 x 3 cm in size otherwise a new stenosis from resorption and transformation of grafted cartilage into connective tissue will occur.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Histologic fate of tympanic membrane and ossicle homografts.

1. The biologic behavior and usefulness of homologous incus grafts preserved in Cialit compare favorably with that of ossicular autografts. 2. Reconstruction of the transplanted incus correlates with the period of its immersion in preservative: the briefer the period of exposure to fixative, the more rapidly resorption and substitution occur. The longer the preservation time, the slower the rate of incus transplant reconstruction. 3. The preserved heterograft bone chip is unsuitable, since it disintegrates completely irrespective of the duration of its preservation. 4. The configuration of all bone chips is extensively altered after implantation. Autograft and homograft bone chips are both poorly tolerated. Chemical fixation does not alter this reaction. Fragments are shortened, softened, and rounded off. Heterologous bone chips are completely resorbed.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Preservation and application possibilities of allogenic (homologous) transplants in the ear, nose and throat region].

Of the allogenic transplants used in head and neck surgery, auditory ossicle transplants, allogenic cartilage transplants and fascia transplants have yielded good results in many cases. Recent reports describe the successful use of allogenic tracheal tissue. Auditory ossicles are most commonly preserved in cialite solution, while cartilage transplants are best preserved in merthiolate solution.

Cartilage↗
PubMed1983

Mineral and collagen content of human ossicles.

With increased use of human otologic homograft tissue for implantation, different preservation techniques and products are used for storing and preserving the grafts before surgery. Preserved ossicles may, according to some authors, already exhibit signs of decalcification after 2 weeks. Therefore, the mineral (calcium, phosphorus) and collagen content of human ossicles (incus) and mastoid cortex and the influence of different storage techniques was biochemically investigated. No significant mineral or collagen-concentration changes were observed after a 6-week storage in pH-7 formaldehyde or in cialit, in either the ossicles or in the cortical bone. These biochemical findings are in agreement with histologic observations and with similar experiments using the photon absorptiometry technique.

Calcium↗
PubMed1986

Experimental bioprosthetic reconstruction of the trachea.

We removed the tracheas from sacrificed laboratory animals and subjected this tissue to multi-step chemical processing. This method allowed us to preserve the cartilage and reduce its antigenicity, thus creating a bioprosthesis very similar to the host tissue. By using allogeneic and xenogeneic prostheses so prepared, no signs of immune rejections were seen following heterotopic or orthotopic implantations. The transplanted cartilage remained stable for periods ranging up to 21 weeks in recipient rats, while partial morphologic integrity of the cartilage was seen up to 1 year in pigs. Reepithelialization of the transplant with ciliated epithelium was completed in all specimens 12-24 weeks following surgery. Segmental replacement of up to one third of the whole trachea was possible in rats, whereas similar segmental replacements failed in pigs. We also found that successful reconstruction of window-shaped defects was possible. We consider our tracheal bioprosthesis to be superior to cialit-preserved grafts and also to most other biological reconstruction procedures.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Plastic surgical management of children with Down's syndrome: indications and results.

The face of a child with Down's syndrome is stigmatised by the large tongue, open mouth, saddle nose and epicanthal folds. Operative reduction of macroglossia facilitates nose-breathing, comprehensible speech and eating. Raising the nasal bridge with Cialit-preserved homograft cartilage obliterates the epicanthal folds and conceals the oblique slant of the eyelids. The child should be operated on from the third year onwards.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Clinical and experimental results of a sandwich-technique for mandibular alveolar ridge augmentation.

During the past two and a half years, thirteen patients have been operated upon using a "sandwich-technique" for mandibular alveolar ridge augmentation. This new technique was advocated by Schettler in 1974. In 3 cases, autologous rib cartilage was used, in 6 cases an autologous transplant from the iliac crest, and on four occasions, autologous "cialit"-conserved bone chips were inserted. All transplants healed without complications and no resorption was found in either the autologous or homologous transplants at the late follow-up examinations. These findings are supported by animal experiments in rabbits with the aid of the polychrome sequence marking technique using fluorochromes.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Vital preservation of cartilage transplants with tissue culture methods].

Cartilage grafting is one of the most common procedures in plastic surgery. Since storage of both autologous and allogenic cartilage is necessary, different preservation methods have been used with more or less success. The use of chemical preservation procedures like formaldehyde, Merthiolate or Cialit lead to a loss of the vitality of the graft. This work presents a study of the cell vitality and the matrix of cartilage grafts stored in different solutions (formaldehyde, saline, RPMI 1640, Ham F-12 and DMEM 4500) during 150 days. The cell viability was assessed using tissue sections (neutral red supravital staining and trypan blue dye exclusion test) and isolated cells (trypan blue dye exclusion test and cell adhesion in monolayer culture). The state of the cartilage matrix was analysed by means of the azan, alcian and toluidine blue staining). Cartilage immersed in formaldehyde solution lost 100% of the vitality after a storage period of 10 days, the one immersed in saline solution after 30 days. Cartilage stored in tissue culture media retained its vitality (> 85%) during the whole storage time. Histological staining methods showed a decrease of the staining intensity after 10 days storage in formaldehyde and after 30 days storage in saline solution. No differences in vitality and the matrix staining were found among all three culture media. Our results suggest that viable cartilage tissue can be successfully stored for a long time using tissue culture methods.

Cartilage↗
PubMed1995

[Allogeneic transplantation and HIV infection: studies of HIV-infected tissue].

BACKGROUND: Because of the limited availability of autologous tissue, stored allograft is commonly used. Before grafting, bank tissue is subjected to chemical preservation procedures. This procedure is important to diminish antigenicity and to inactivate possible inherent viruses. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of different chemical preservation procedures like Cialit, Merthiolate, and formaldehyde on the presence of HIV DNA. METHODS: HIV-infected tissues were obtained from eight HIV-positive patients and examined using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: After chemical treatment, we could observe the presence of HIV DNA in all examined tissues. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate the importance of the mandatory serological screening and selection in donor patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Immunological reactions against preserved tracheal transplants? Studies on inbred rat strains].

To determine whether chemical (cialit, merthiolate, alcohol, formaldehyde solution) preserved tracheal segments maintain immunogenicity we performed systematic transplantation-immunological investigations using in vivo-, in vitro- and immunohistological tests. In contrast to other authors no indication of residual antigenicity was found. The survival rates after orthotopic grafting of preserved tracheal segments were shortened. This seems due to the loss of the mucociliary clearance, caused by chemical induced damages in the tracheal mucosa.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Thickness distribution of fresh and preserved human eardrums measured with confocal microscopy.

HYPOTHESIS: In this study, the thickness distribution of the fresh human eardrum was measured and possible thickness changes in successive stages of preservation and preparation were studied. METHODS: The thickness measurement was performed on axial fluorescence images taken perpendicularly through the membrane with a confocal microscope. The influence of fixation and preservation (in Cialit solution) on the thickness was also investigated. The same eardrum was prepared (decalcified, dehydrated, and stained) for histologic sectioning and the thickness was measured on the sections using conventional light microscopy. RESULTS: Similar thickness distributions in the measured samples (n = 3) were observed. The pars tensa has a rather constant thickness in a central region curving as a horseshoe upward around the manubrium. The membrane thickens slightly from the inferior to the superior side. The anterior region is thicker than the posterior region. In narrow bands along the manubrium, peripheral rim, and in the region inferior to the umbo, a much larger thickness in comparison with that in the central region was found. Mean thicknesses of approximately 40, 50, and 120 microm were observed in the central region of the studied eardrums, respectively. CONCLUSION: Whereas the thickness distribution of the human eardrums shows similar features, the absolute thickness seems to vary a lot from one specimen to another. There is no significant difference in thickness of the same membrane in fresh, fixed, or preserved condition. Thus, human eardrums may be safely preserved in fixative for later thickness measurements. The histologic preparation process, however, causes a significant location-dependent shrinkage.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1975

[Histological study of otological homografts (incus, cartilage and fascia) (author's transl)].

To summarise our morphological findings of this study the following conclusions are drawn: In bone grafts growth of vital cells originating from the Haversian canals is clearly demonstrated. The growth of connective tissue in the Haversian system is understandable on general principles of pathology. The morphology of the change of osteocytes from fibrocytes through osteoblasts is photographically clearly shown and is in keeping with the findings of Steinbach and of Kerr and Smyth. New bone formation was detected at earliest nine months after implantation. Our investigations do not confirm whether this new bone formation occurs persistently in all cases or to what extent the original homograft material, preserves in cialit solution, takes part in this process. A similar mechanism of tissue regrowth should be accepted in homograft cartilage. We have studied two cases, one after 6 months and the other after 5 years following implant. The three fascial grafts examined compare with earlier publications, with oedema, slight inflammation and little shrinkage occurring. The suitability for grafting of homograft incus, cartilage and fascia we believe to have been demonstrated.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Clinical and experimental studies on the transplantation of preserved tendons].

The tensile strength of preserved tendons was studied in relation with duration and preserving process. Cialite preserved cow-tendons were implanted in rear limbs of rabbit. After 5, 7 and 9 months the transplants could still be identified. They were covered by unreactive fibrous connective tissue, where by adjustant to the connective tissue the transplant was replaced by multicellular growing tissue. In clinical practice preserved tendons were successfully used for ligament-plastic. It is reported on the possibility of use and the results.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Homologous transplants in the middle ear (author's transl)].

The original concept of tympanoplasty included besides the closure of the middle ear, the removal of pathological middle ear components leaving intact the functional and healthy components. The special conditions that prevail in the middle ear (aeration, absence of intrinsic trauma) allow the reconstruction of the middle ear mechanics to a great extent. Animal experiments and clinical experience reveal good transplantation properties of denatured and preserved ear ossicles. They are partly replaced by the body's own true tissue, and preserve the original form over a period of years. Denatured dear drums with malleus, incus, and parts of the stapes give astounding acoustic results. The posterior bony canal wall in old radical cavities can be replaced by the posterior wall of the human temporal bone which has been preserved in Cialit.

Bone Transplantation↗
PubMed1976

[Faults and risks in rhinoplasty (author's transl)].

Because obstruction of nasal breathing accompanies a large proportion of the noses which appear to require correction externally, internal and external correction of the nose must always be carried out at the same time. Corrective rhinoplasties are not rarely connected with a certain risk because of a false estimation of the patient's psychic situation and too high expectations concerning the postoperative result. The various problems of the corrective procedure for crooked nose and saddle nose are described as well as the possibilities of using cartilaginous and bony transplants or Silastic implants. The use of histoacryl tissue glue to stick cartilage together in the reconstruction of a saddle nose can only be recommended with great reservations. The method carries a risk of persistent graft damage as a result of exothermic polymerisation processes and various end and split products of histoacryl can cause a long term inflammation and partial necrosis of the strut. The use of Cialitstored homologous cartilage can be recommended. However, in several cases (about 5%) a certain kind of inflammation around the homologous transplants could be observed, perhaps as a consequence of an immunological reaction or as a reaction against the mercury salt in the Cialit solution. The experiences with Silastic implants were very disappointing. In corrective rhinoplasties in childhood the anatomical and functional characteristics of the still developing midface must be taken into consideration. In adults, both esthetic and functional aspects must be borne in mind. The medico-legal situation and the importance of the preoperative informed consent of the patient are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Histamine-releasing activity of dental materials employed as root canal filling].

Four samples of dental materials (DM) estd for root canal filling, Septodent (S), Zinkoxide (Z), Foredent (F) and Cialite Regular (CR), were studied for their ability in vitro to release histamine (HR) employing the computerized fiber glass based histamine release assay using whole blood from allergic patients and healthy donors. It was found that F induced high and S low levels of HR from blood basophils from both allergic and non-allergic subjects. Z and CR did not induce HR from blood basophils similar to the negative control. The HR assay may be a useful method for preliminary investigation of DM employed for root canal fillings for safety as well as for selection of specific DM for individual patients.

Basophils↗