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At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Early secondary bone grafting of alveolar cleft defects. A comparison between chin and rib grafts.

Since 1981 in cleft lip and palate patients a combined surgical-orthodontic procedure has been performed to eliminate the residual alveolar cleft. For early secondary bone grafting (before the eruption of the canine tooth) initially the graft tissue of choice was rib. Since 1984 chin bone has also been used. Sixty one patients with complete unilateral clefts were reviewed (mean age 9.5 years). 15.7% of the rib graft cases showed resorption of the graft of 50% and more. Such resorption was not found in any of the chin graft cases. No complications such as wound dehiscence, sequestration, excessive resorption of bone or recurrence of an oro-nasal fistula were found in the chin graft group. This leads to the conclusion that if enough bone is available in the chin region to bridge the defect, this graft is preferable to a rib graft.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Morbidity of harvesting of chin grafts: a prospective study.

In a prospective study, 20 patients who underwent harvesting of chin grafts as outpatients, were followed up for 12 months (3 further patients with incomplete follow-up data were excluded from the study). Preoperatively and 7 days, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively, follow-up data were assessed. Evaluation of the superficial sensory function of the inferior alveolar nerve was determined by the Pointed-Blunt Test and the Two-Point-Discrimination Test. Sensory disturbances were objectively assessed by testing thermal sensitivity with the "Pain and Thermal Sensitivity" Test (PATH Test). In addition, evaluation of the pulp sensitivity of teeth 35-45 was carried out by cold vitality testing. One week postoperatively, 8 patients were affected by superficial sensory impairment. 8 nerve territories showed hypoaesthetic reactions and 5 showed hyperaesthetic reactions. After 12 months, two patients still suffered from hypoaesthesia of one side of the chin. There was a statistically significant sensitivity impairment of the chin for all patients comparing the preoperative data of the Two-Point-Discrimination Test (left/right median: 8.17/8.17 mm, interquartile range (IQR) 1.00/2.00 mm) with the first postoperative measurement (left/right median 9.00/8.33 mm, IQR 1.67/2.66 mm). Comparing the latter to the last postoperative measurement there was significant tendency for regeneration of a nerve function (left/right median 8.00/7.84 mm, IQR 0.66/2.00 mm). In the PATH Test all hypoaesthetic areas could be identified by a reduction of thermal sensitivity. After the first postoperative examination 21.6% (n=38/176) of the examined teeth had lost their pulp sensitivity. After 12 postoperative months 11.4% (n=20/176) still did not react sensitively. Many of these were canines (n=8/20). Comparing the preoperative to the first postoperative examination, there was a significant reduction of pulp sensitivity. However, statistically significant recovery until the last postoperative follow-up could not be detected. The assessed data show that patients have to be informed extensively about disturbances of the inferior alveolar nerve function lasting longer than 12 months. Moreover, the loss of pulp sensitivity is a very frequent event which has always to be taken into account. Considering the high rate of complications with harvesting of chin grafts, more prospective trials should be done to find out whether there are other donor sites for autogenous bone which put less strain on patients.

Ambulatory Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed2001

Effective condylar growth and chin position changes in activator treatment: a cephalometric roentgenographic study.

Effective condylar growth (a summation of condylar remodeling, glenoid fossa remodeling, and condylar position changes within the fossa) and its influence on the position of the chin was analyzed in 40 class II, division I malocclusions treated successfully with activators. Additionally, the amount of mandibular rotation was assessed. Lateral head films in habitual occlusion from before and after an average treatment period of 2.6 years were evaluated. The Bolton Standards (32 untreated individuals with ideal occlusion) served as controls. Two different treatment effects were evaluated: overall growth change and treatment effects (overall growth changes minus age-related Bolton values). In comparison with the Bolton group, the activator patients exhibited an increase in the amount of vertical effective condylar growth (3.0 mm; P < .001), a decrease in the amount of sagittal effective condylar growth (0.6 mm; P < .05), and an increase in the amount of vertical development of the chin (1.8 mm; P < .001). No group differences could be found for sagittal development of the chin. In the Bolton group, the mandible rotated posteriorly, and in the activator group it rotated anteriorly (2.7 degrees; P < .001). The present investigation revealed that effective condylar growth can be increased and the chin position can be changed by activator treatment. Thus activator treatment induces skeletal changes, although not always in the desired (sagittal) therapeutic direction.

Activator Appliances↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Enabling a person with multiple disabilities and minimal motor behaviour to control environmental stimulation with chin movements.

PURPOSE: To assess whether a young man with multiple disabilities and minimal motor behaviour would learn to control environmental stimulation using chin movements and a mechanical microswitch. METHOD: The study was carried out according to an ABAB design in which A represented baseline and B intervention phases. The chin movements controlled the stimulation only during the intervention phases. A 2-month post-intervention check was conducted. RESULTS: The man increased the frequency of his chin movements, thus increasing the level of environmental stimulation, during the intervention phases. This performance was maintained at the post-intervention check. CONCLUSION: The use of chin movements is a practical strategy for enabling individuals with minimal motor movements to control environmental stimulation. Future research should examine whether similar types of movements may enable some individuals to control voice-output communication devices.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed2002

Effective temporomandibular joint growth and chin position changes: Activator versus Herbst treatment. A cephalometric roentgenographic study.

In 138 successfully treated Class II division 1 patients (40 Activator and 98 Herbst) effective temporomandibular joint (TMJ) growth changes (a summation of condylar remodelling, glenoid fossa remodelling, and condylar position changes within the fossa), and their influence on the position of the chin and the rotation of the mandible were analysed retrospectively. Lateral head films in habitual occlusion from before and after an average treatment period of 2.6 years for the Activator patients and 0.6 years for the Herbst patients were evaluated. Two different treatment changes were assessed: (1) overall growth changes and (2) treatment effects (overall growth changes minus age-related normal growth values: Bolton Standards). The comparison between the Activator and the Herbst group revealed larger effective TMJ and chin changes during Activator therapy due to the longer observation period (2.6 years versus 0.6 years). The treatment effects showed marked group differences for both the amount and direction of effective TMJ changes. The changes were vertical and slightly anterior in the Activator group, and predominantly posterior in the Herbst group. Concerning the chin changes, the treatment effects for the Herbst group exceeded those for the Activator group in both directions, caudally and anteriorly. The Activator group showed an anterior rotation and the Herbst group a slight posterior rotation of the mandible. The present investigation revealed that the effective TMJ and chin changes were increased by both Activator and Herbst treatment. However, the Herbst appliance renders more favourable sagittally orientated treatment effects in a much shorter period of time compared with the Activator.

Activator Appliances↗
PubMed2003

Long-term effects of chin-cap therapy on the temporomandibular joints.

It is commonly believed that upward/backward forces applied to the condyle by a chin-cap cause temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD). In the current study the long-term follow-up (2-11 years) of patients treated with a chin-cap was investigated regarding signs and symptoms of TMD. The treatment group consisted of 32 individuals who had a skeletal Class III malocclusion treated using chin-cap therapy (mean age 18.4 years). The two control groups contained 39 untreated subjects with skeletal Class III malocclusions (mean age 15.5 years) and 53 dental students (mean age 19.2 years) with acceptable normal occlusions. Functional examination of the subjects was carried out and those with at least one sign/symptom (clicking, pain, or deviation) were identified as the 'symptomatic' subgroup. The distribution of symptomatic individuals was 25 per cent in the treatment group, 23 per cent in the Class III malocclusion group, and 41.5 per cent in the normal group (dental students). In addition, the frequency of signs and symptoms of TMD in the symptomatic individuals was also investigated. There were no signs of crepitus in any subject, clicking was found in 50 per cent of the treatment group and pain in 54.5 per cent of the normal group. The results of this long-term follow-up indicate that chin-cap treatment is neither a risk factor nor a prevention for TMD. Age and stress factors should always be considered in the evaluation of TMD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Chin augmentation--a restrospective study.

A retrospective study of 480 Silastic chin implants is summarized and analyzed. The surgeon's own variations on the operative procedure are detailed, including the staging of the simultaneous nose-chin operation in which the chin work is started first, with a temporary interval for hump removal, followed by termination of the chin work and a return to the nose operation. A variation in the handling of the Silastic implant is described in which parallel incisions are made on its inner side to avoid dead space and undesired tension. The results of the 480 cases are presented. The overall complications rate was 2.3%, though the total percentage of implants removed was only 1.46.

Chin↗
PubMed1988

Surgical correction of the vertically deficient chin.

Surgical correction of the vertically deficient chin has received relatively little attention. This paucity of information is most likely related to the failure to diagnose vertical microgenia and the questionable stability of its surgical correction utilizing autogenous bone grafts. This paper reports on eight patients who have undergone vertical augmentation genioplasty utilizing a transverse symphyseal osteotomy and interpositional implantation of porous, block hydroxyapatite. All patients had preoperative measured decreases in lower face height. Mean vertical lengthening of the chin was 5.3 mm. Seven of the eight patients had class II occlusions and underwent simultaneous sagittal advancement of the chin. Follow-up at a mean time of 11.1 months revealed complete stability of the vertically repositioned symphyseal segment. Mean ratio of the vertical soft to hard tissue augmentation was 0.89:1. There were no instances of operative complications. Vertical facial aesthetics and their application in the evaluation and treatment of patients with vertically deficient lower faces and chins are reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Surgery of the aging chin.

A technique is described for surgery of the aging chin that I use in every rhytidectomy patient. A mentalis-periosteal flap is developed, advanced downward, and sutured in a "vest over pants" manner over the platysma muscle under the submental crease. The submental crease is obliterated by the double layer of muscle created by the muscle closure. The same technique is used in chin reductions and chin augmentations, as well as normal aging ptosis of the chin. Since muscle and fat are never excised, one can use this simple procedure on every face lift without fear of creating a contour deformity. This technique gives consistently good results but should only be used when combined with face lift surgery which includes a wide cervical dissection.

Aging↗
PubMed2004

A minimally invasive approach for correction of chin ptosis.

Although ptosis of the tip of the chin is common and can be seen in persons of any age, it is frequently seen in older patients seeking facial rejuvenation. A variety of techniques have been described to correct ptosis of the chin. The authors describe a minimally invasive method that can be used correct chin ptosis. This technique uses a small intraoral incision to place a U-shaped Prolene suture that gathers the soft tissue of the chin and elevates it above the lower border of the mandibular symphysis. A retrospective review of 314 cases performed in conjunction with face lifts between January of 1994 and January of 2000 was performed to evaluate this technique. There were no significant complications, and long-term results have been very satisfactory and lasting.

Chin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The numb chin syndrome as an early manifestation of giant-cell (temporal) arteritis: a case report.

We describe a 70-year-old woman with a 2-month history of a numb chin and gradually increasing bilateral headache and malaise. Neurological examination disclosed chin hypoesthesia while investigations showed a normocytic anemia, ESR of 100, and CRP of 72. A CT brain scan, chest X-ray, and bone scan showed no evidence of malignancy. Temporal arteritis was suspected and prednisolone started with prompt resolution of the headache, chin hypoesthesia, ESR, and CRP. This case illustrates an unusual etiology of the numb chin syndrome, which in most occasions is associated with malignancy. Temporal arteritis should be borne in mind as a possible explanation for this as it is a treatable condition with potentially serious, life-threatening complications.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Chin reconstruction with pectoralis myocutaneous flap.

Chin reconstruction after radical surgery for carcinoma of the oral cavity is a complex and controversial problem. We have developed a simple, single-stage, primary procedure for chin reconstruction. It is easily mastered and is based on a simple modification of the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap. Our experience includes seven cases, including two with total chin reconstructions. The number and type of complication is low and consistent with the magnitude of the surgical procedure. This operation provides acceptable aesthetic and functional results to patients undergoing partial or total resection of the chin.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Patients' evaluation of the final result of sagittal split osteotomy: is it influenced by impaired sensitivity of the lower lip and chin?

The purpose of this article was to evaluate whether neurosensory disturbances such as impaired sensitivity of the lower lip and chin influence patients' final evaluation of the treatment result. Information about the patients' degree of satisfaction and about lip and chin sensitivity were obtained from final follow-up documents of 215 patients. All patients had undergone sagittal split ramus osteotomy for mandibular advancement. In patients with normal sensitivity on both sides of the lower lip and chin, the degree of satisfaction was equally distributed at a very high level through all age groups. Among those with some degree of numbness on either or both sides of the lower lip and chin, patients in the younger quarter and middle half of the group were as satisfied as those with normal sensitivity, while those in the oldest quarter with impaired sensitivity demonstrated a lower degree of satisfaction than the rest of the patients. Although the difference was not statistically significant, the finding strongly indicates that older patients seem to suffer more from neurosensory disturbances than do younger patients with similar conditions.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Chin tremor in a peruvian family].

INTRODUCTION: Chin tremor is an uncommon hereditary autosomic dominant disorder, characterized by involuntary, episodic, and repetitive movements involving chin muscles, stimulated by stress. It was first described by Massaro in 1894 like geniospasmo . The most reported cases are from Europeans or Americans families. CLINICAL CASE: A 53 years old man with chin tremor since childhood. CONCLUSIONS: We report the first Peruvian family with chin tremor without European nor American ascendancy with six affected members in four generations.

Chin↗
PubMed1991

A surgical system for the correction of bony chin deformity.

Because the chin, like the nose, occupies a prominent position in the face, it must also be assessed in planning any changes in the facial profile. For example, a large nose associated with a microgenia does not appear as large when the chin is augmented. A chin increased in the vertical dimension confers an excessively long appearance to the face. Finally, a microgenia is associated with the stereotype of a sluggish personality, and a large chin in women connotes a masculine personality. The authors provide guidelines for assessing these variables and including them in surgical plan.

Chin↗
PubMed1991

[Burkitt's type ALL with numb chin syndrome as an initial manifestation].

A case of Burkitt's type ALL with numb chin syndrome as the initial manifestation is described. A 57-year-old Japanese male was admitted to our hospital in November 14, 1989 because of paresthesia at the chin and lower lip with diplopia and ptosis. Neurological examination revealed oculomotor paralysis of the right side and hypesthesia on the chin, lower lip and buccal mucous membrane. Laboratory findings showed increased leukocyte count. Bone marrow aspirate revealed hypercellular marrow with 92.3% leukemic cells which had vacuoles in the cytoplasm and surface marker of IgM, kappa type. The abnormalities of karyotype included t(8;14). He was treated with chemotherapy and radiation. His conditions were temporarily improved, but relapsed later and died in March 6, 1990. Leukemic infiltrations to the trigeminal nerve were found in autopsy. The relationship between lymphoid malignancies and numb chin syndrome was discussed.

Burkitt Lymphoma↗
PubMed1991

[Reflex response in the masseter muscle after tapping the chin in healthy persons--an electromyographic study].

In a group of healthy subjects the author evoked reflex responses in both masseters by percussion of the chin with a reflex hammer. The reflexes were evoked during relaxation, slight or intense contraction of the masseters with the mouth open or closed. By percussion of the chin from above extension reflexes were evoked and by percussion of the chin from below contracting reflexes. The response was recorded by means of an electromyographic apparatus. The short-term stretch responses were evoked from the relaxed and slightly contracted masseters with the mouth open or closed. During intense contraction of the masseters the short-latency reflex stretch response was not evoked. In that case at first a short-latency inhibition of the basal activity of the masseter was observed followed by a medium and late-latency excitation response. With the masseters relaxed a long-latency stretch response was observed only with the mouth open. Percussion of the chin from beneath with slight contraction of the masseter caused initial inhibition of its basal activity followed then by a short-latency excitation response. Based on the assembled results the author analyzed the mechanism of the reflex control of the masseters.

Chin↗
PubMed1989

The mentalis muscle: an essential component of chin and lower lip position.

The soft-tissue chin may become ptotic following surgery in this area. The mentalis muscles which are responsible for proper central lip motion and chin point position may be affected. The mentalis muscle origin may require resuspension at a proper level. This reattachment may be performed by means of an intraoral approach. Non-absorbable sutures are used to hold the soft-tissue chin upward. The exact method involves placing drill holes through the alveolar bone, into which sutures are passed. These sutures are then placed through the lower mentalis muscles and tightened. Chin and lip position may be corrected in certain cases. Ancillary procedures are required to correct vestibular scarring and submental scars.

Adult↗