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At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Torticollis--a harmless symptom?].

Acquired non-traumatic torticollis may be due to a variety of causes. Presumably it may arise from inflammatory diseases and tumours of the neck as well as the central nervous system. Three cases of acquired torticollis due to osteomyelitis, retropharyngeal carcinoma and subluxation of the spine are presented and the variety of possible underlying diseases is demonstrated. Persistent torticollis should provoke an aggressive search for a specific aetiology by all means, especially CT scans or even biopsy.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed2003

Trunk asymmetry and facial symmetry in young adults.

The aim of the present study was to detect possible associations between trunk and cervical asymmetry and facial symmetry. Frontal cephalograms prepared in the natural head position, representing 79 subjects (40 males, 39 females) with mild to moderate trunk asymmetry, were analyzed separately for thoracic humps, lumbar prominences, and cervical inclination by discriminating two groups: right-sided-dominant and left-sided-dominant. The differences between the groups were analyzed using an unpaired 2-group t test. The results showed that location of the thoracic humps and inclination of the cervical spine was predominantly right-sided, while the location of lumbar prominence was predominantly left-sided. Craniofacial morphological variables of the head and face were nearly equal for right-sided and left-sided thoracic humps and lumbar prominences, showing that moderate trunk asymmetry does not affect facial symmetry. Further, it was found that frontal head position in relation to the true vertical (VER/ORB) is stable in that the angle between the supraorbital and vertical lines is constantly maintained close to 90 degrees regardless of moderate trunk asymmetry, indicating that visual perception control is most important in orienting the head in frontal plane. Maintenance of the head position takes place by cervical spine adaptation.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2004

An investigation of cervicovertebral morphology in different sagittal skeletal growth patterns.

The purpose of the present study was to examine and compare cervicovertebral morphology in subjects with different sagittal skeletal patterns. The material comprised lateral head films of 90 untreated subjects, 45 girls and 45 boys, aged 13-15 years. The radiographs were obtained in the natural head position using a fluid level method. The subjects were divided into three groups according to ANB angle: ANB angle between 1 and 5 degrees (skeletal Class I), larger than 5 degrees (skeletal Class II), and smaller than 1 degree (skeletal Class III). Each ANB group consisted of 30 subjects, 15 girls and 15 boys. Twenty-nine linear and four area measurements were used to assess cervicovertebral morphology. Differences between the ANB groups and between genders were assessed by means of analysis of variance and the least significant difference test. In addition, cephalometric measurements for all subjects were subjected to discriminant analysis. The results of the analysis of variance showed that there were statistically significant differences in the measurements of the lumen length of C1, inferior depths of C2 and C4, anterior intervertebral spaces of C2 and C3, posterior intervertebral space of C3, and anterior and posterior body heights of C4 among the ANB groups. The total length of C1, inferior depths of C2-C5, anterior intervertebral spaces of C2-C4, posterior intervertebral space of C2, anterior body heights of C4 and C5, and posterior body heights of C3-C5 demonstrated significant gender differences. The results of the discriminant analysis indicated that 54.4 per cent of the original grouped cases were correctly classified in the total sample. The final discriminant model was able to classify correctly 20 of the 30 Class I subjects (66.7 per cent), 17 of the 30 Class II subjects (56.7 per cent), and 12 of the 30 Class III subjects (40.0 per cent).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Craniovertebral anomalies.

We have tried to clarify this confusing area by demonstrating the common relationships of these abnormalities. The development of the craniovertebral junction was present in order to understand the formation of the anomalies discussed. The radiologic lines and measurements that have been described are actually to measure the degree of compromise of the functional size of the foramen magnum. This mechanical compromise, either from direct neural compression and/or from a secondary vascular impairment (arterial or venous), leads to the signs and symptoms of cervicomedullary compression.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Injuries to pathologically changed cervical vertebrae.

Three cases of fatal injuries to the upper cervical spinal cord and underlying cervical spine pathology are presented. It is stressed that the slightest suspicion concerning injuries to the upper part of the neck must lead not only to microscopic examination of the cervical spinal cord and medulla oblongata, but also to careful preparation (or maceration) of the upper cervical spine, in order not to overlook fractures or misinterpret old fractures and diseases as fresh fractures.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1979

Computed tomography of spinal fractures.

Computed tomography (CT) has aided significantly in the diagnosis and management of spinal fractures. The examination is easy, relatively quick, and avoids potentially harmful manipulation. The diagnostic advantages of CT include precise anatomic delineation and indication of extent of fractures, assessment of spinal stenosis, and demonstration of associated peraspinal lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Halo-vest treatment of unstable traumatic cervical spine injuries.

Eighty-three patients with unstable cervical spine injuries were treated with halo-vest stabilization in a prospective consecutive series during a 10 year period. At the follow-up 2-7 years after the trauma, six patients had died and eight patients had been surgically stabilized. Sixty-seven of the remaining 69 patients (97%) were subjected to the follow-up performed with validated protocols. All patients but three were reexamined clinically and radiographically. Flexion-extension motion and sidebending of the neck was measured radiographically. Rotation was measured with the aid of a compass placed on top of the head of the patient. Forty-four patients (53%) had initial neurological deficit, 26 with tetraparesis. The age range was 13-89 years and the male/female ratio was 2/1. The halo-vest treatment period was 10-12 weeks. The 1 year healing rate was 90%. Seven nonunions occurred, all in fracture types known to be prone to nonunion. Complications during the treatment were usually minor, with pin problems being the most frequent (pin loosening 60%). At the follow-up, approximately 80% of all patients had complaints of local neck symptoms. Pain at the extremes of neck motion and stiffness was the most frequent. The symptoms were mild and did not usually have any major impact on return to work or leisure activities. Seventy-five percent of patients with incomplete cord lesions and useless muscle function improved to useful function. The patients had a statistically significant decrease of rotation (18%) and sidebending (18%) of the neck but normal flexion-extension motion when compared to the normal.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Histology of the alar and transverse ligaments.

Seven sets of human transverse and alar ligaments, after tensile testing, and eight corresponding ligaments without testing, were examined histologically with respect to their fiber composition and fiber orientation. Various staining techniques were supplemented by polarized light microscopy. Both the transverse and the alar ligaments consist of collagen fibers, with very few elastic fibers in the peripheral layer. In the central portion of the transverse ligament, the collagen fibers cross each other at an angle of approximately 30 degrees. Close to the dens, the transverse ligaments show on their ventral side a transition into fibrocartilage. Except for the immediate site of failure, no differences became evident between tested specimens and controls. The collagen, as the almost exclusive constituent, together with the fiber orientation determine the mechanical properties of these ligaments. This supports the hypothesis that the ligaments could be irreversibly overstretched or even ruptured when the head is rotated and, in addition, flexed by impact trauma, especially in unexpected rear-end collisions.

Aged↗