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At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Resistance to Fiji disease in sugar cane: role of cultivar preference by planthopper vector Perkinsiella saccharicida (Homoptera: Delphacidae).

Fiji disease (FD) of sugar cane caused by Fiji disease virus (FDV) is transmitted by the planthopper Perkinsiella saccharicida Kirkaldy (Hemiptera Delphacidae). FD is effectively managed by using resistant cultivars, but whether the resistance is for the vector or for the virus is unknown. This knowledge would help develop a rapid and reliable glasshouse-based screening method for disease resistance. Sugar cane cultivars resistant, intermediate, and susceptible to FD were screened in a glasshouse, and the relationship between vector preferences and FD incidence was studied. Cultivar preference by nymphs increased with an increase in cultivar susceptibility to FD, but the relationship between adult preference and FD resistance was not significant. There was a positive correlation between the vector population and FD incidence, and the latent period for symptom expression declined with the increase in the vector populations. FD incidence in the glasshouse trial reflected the field-resistance status of sugar cane cultivars with known FD-resistance scores. The results suggest that resistance to FD in sugar cane is mediated by cultivar preference of the planthopper vector.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

A marked enhancement in phytase production by a thermophilic mould Sporotrichum thermophile using statistical designs in a cost-effective cane molasses medium.

AIMS: Statistical optimization of phytase production by a thermophilic mould Sporotrichum thermophile in a cost-effective cane molasses medium. METHODS AND RESULTS: Sporotrichum thermophile secreted phytase in cane molasses medium at 45 degrees C and 250 rev min(-1) after 5 days. The important factors identified by Plackett-Burman design (magnesium sulfate, Tween 80, ammonium sulfate and incubation period) were further optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). An overall 107% improvement in phytase production was achieved due to optimization. Supplementation of the medium with inorganic phosphate repressed the enzyme synthesis. When inorganic phosphate was reduced from the cane molasses medium by treatment with calcium chloride, the enzyme production increased. The phytase activity was not affected by the enzyme treatment with trypsin and pepsin. CONCLUSIONS: A twofold increase in phytase production was achieved due to optimization using statistical designs in a cost-effective cane molasses medium. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Phytase production was doubled due to optimization. The enzyme, being resistant to trypsin and pepsin, thermostable and acid stable, can find application in animal feed industry for improving nutritional status of the feed and combating environmental phosphorus pollution.

6-Phytase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ammonium phosphate as a sole nutritional supplement for the fermentative production of 2,3-butanediol from sugar cane juice.

The production of 2,3-butanediol by Klebsiella pneumoniae from sugar cane juice supplemented with different salts was studied. This microorganism is able to degrade sucrose present in sugar cane juice containing ammonium phosphate as the sole nutritional supplement. With a sugar cane juice-based medium containing approximately 180 g sucrose/l and 8.0 g (NH4)2HPO4/l, over 70 g 2,3-butanediol plus acetoin/l were formed. This result is comparable to that achieved with a sugar cane juice-based medium containing several nutrients, although the kinetic profiles of these runs presented significant differences. With the ammonium phosphate-enriched medium, cell growth was initially favoured by both the strong oxygen supply and the higher water activity due to the lower concentration of nutrients. After 14 h, the limitation in some nutrients led to the interruption of cell growth, and decreasing rates for product formation and substrate consumption were observed. During the stationary phase of this run, sucrose was preferentially converted to product, and the substrate was completely depleted after 35 h of the process. With the complete medium, the substrate was totally consumed after 36 h of run. In this case, the higher initial concentration of nutrients reduced the overall process rate but sustained the cell growth for 27 h. Conversion yields of 0.40 g product/g sucrose and productivities close to 2.0 g/l x h were obtained under both conditions.

Acetoin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Survival of Trypanosoma cruzi in sugar cane used to prepare juice.

Chagas disease can be transmitted to man by many different means, including contact with infected triatomine feces, blood transfusion, laboratory accidents, organ transplants, and congenital or oral routes. The latter mode has received considerable attention recently. In this assay, we evaluate the survival of Trypanosoma cruzi contaminating sugar cane used to prepare juice, as well as the viability and capacity for infection by the parasite after recovery. Thirty triatomines were contaminated with T. cruzi Y strain and 45 days later pieces of sugar cane were contaminated with the intestinal contents of the insects. The pieces were ground at different intervals after contamination (time=0, 1, 4, 6, 12 and 24 hours) and the juice extracted and analyzed. Different methods were used to show T. cruzi in the juice: direct analysis, hematocrit tube centrifugation and QBC, and experimental inoculation in 47 female BALB/c mice (five control mice and seven mice for each interval examined (five inoculated orally and two intraperitoneally). Positive results were found using the direct analysis and QBC methods for juice prepared up to 12 hours after initial contamination. However, by the centrifugation technique, positivity was found only up to four hours after contamination of the sugar cane. Inoculated animals showed parasitemia during a 14 day observation period, demonstrating the high survival rate of T. cruzi in sugar cane.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Effects of Okinawan sugar cane wax and fatty alcohol on serum and liver lipids in the rat.

Partially purified Okinawan sugar cane wax and fatty alcohol were fed to Wistar strain rats to examine the effects on serum and liver cholesterol (Chol), triglyceride (TG) and phospholipid (PL). The fecal excretion of neutral sterols in the rats was also determined. There were no significant differences found in the body weight gain, food intake and liver weight among the animals of experimental diet groups. An addition of 0.5% sugar cane wax to the diet significantly lowered the concentrations of serum and liver Chol in the rats. There were no significant differences observed in PL and TG levels either in serum or liver among the experimental groups. These results indicate that cane wax, one of the elements contained in sugar cane rind as well as in black sugar, may have a cholesterol-lowering effect on the serum and liver of the rats. The amount of feces excreted by the three experimental diet groups of rats were exactly the same and also no significant differences were found in the excretion of Chol.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Cancer of lymphatic tissues in cane-growing areas of Queensland.

The mortality from leukaemias and lymphomas in a tropical urban region of Queensland (Townsville) and in the mainly tropical cane-farming regions of Queensland was investigated. It was found that, compared with the general population of Queensland, there were fewer deaths from neoplastic disease of the lymphatic tissues in women in both regions; that there were fewer deaths from neoplastic disease of the lymphatic tissues in men in Townsville, but not in the cane-growing areas; and that, during the period 1968-1981, there was a significantly lower number of deaths from leukaemia (13 deaths; SMR, 49; P less than 0.01) in women over 60 years of age in the cane-growing areas, which contrasted with a significantly greater number of deaths from leukaemia (61 deaths; SMR, 154; P less than 0.01) in men 60 years and over in the cane-growing areas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Fungal protein enrichment of residual liquor from a sugar-cane waste Saccharum officinarum.

The use of residual liquor obtained from cane-thrash, a sugar-cane waste Saccharum officinarum, L. , as a protein source was studied. The cane-thrash was available in local sugar-mills and the fungus utilized, the Aspergillus niger IZ-9, was provided by the University of São Paulo and derived from a strain under the number NRRL-337. The liquor was previously hydrolyzed and physicochemical analyses were performed. Total nitrogen and amino acid contents were measured in the final product. The synthetic medium of Pontecorvo et al. modified by Christias et al., was used for growth, maintenance and storage of the strain. The analysis of variance was used to determine the statistical significance of all results. Mean values were compared by the Tukey's test. According to our data, the residual liquor from the prehydrolyzed cane-thrash can be used as a medium for biomass production from the A. niger IZ-9 and that the highest biomass production was obtained when the synthetic medium was substituted for 100% treated liquor added with balanced salts and carbon, and pH adjusted to 5.0. The highest amino acid values were detected in the A. Niger grown in the medium containing 40% treated liquor added with balanced salts and carbon, with pH adjustment to 5.0 with exception of methionine, this fungal protein seems to provide all essential amino acids in a diet, and could certainly be considered of good biological value.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed2003

Accidental fatal poisoning of a dog by Dieffenbachia picta (dumb cane).

A single case of accidental fatal poisoning by Dieffenbachia picta, (dumb cane) (Araceae) in a 9-y-old female Poodle is described. Clinical signs included severe, locally extensive erosive/ulcerative glossitis accompanied by marked dyspnea of acute onset. The animal did not respond to emergency procedures to relieve severe respiratory distress; fatal asphyxiation ensued from edema of the glottis a few hours after the first clinical signs were observed. According to the owner, the dog had access to a tall, potted dumb cane plant and chewed the thick stem of the plant intensely. The owner did not authorize a necropsy of the animal. The diagnosis of Dieffenbachia picta poisoning was based on the history of accidental consumption of dumb cane and clinical signs. A comparison of this single case with other reports of dumb cane poisoning suggests that dogs poisoned by Dieffenbachia species usually recover uneventfully with conservative management and that death from asphyxiation is a rare but possible consequence of this intoxication. Severe edematous swelling of the glottis with occlusion of the larynx airway passage can occur in those cases in which large amounts of sap are quickly squeezed from the plant during intense chewing. Death would occur if owners do not seek veterinary care immediately and if emergency procedures are not instituted on time.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Putative pyrophosphate phosphofructose 1-kinase genes identified in sugar cane may be getting energy from pyrophosphate.

Pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase (PPi-PFK) has been detected in several types of plant cells, but the gene has not been reported in sugar cane. Using Citrus paradisi PPi-PFK gene (AF095520 and AF095521) sequences to search the sugar cane EST database, we have identified both the alpha and beta subunits of this enzyme. The deduced amino acid sequences showed 76 and 80% similarity with the corresponding alpha and beta subunits of C. paradisi. A high degree of similarity was also observed among the PFK b subunits when the alignment of the sugar cane sequences was compared to those of Ricinus communis and Solanum tuberosum. It appears that alpha and beta are two distinct subunits; they were found at different concentrations in several sugar cane tissues. It remains to be determined if the different gene expression levels have some physiological importance and how they affect sucrose synthesis, export, and storage in vacuoles. A comparison between the amino acid sequences of b PFKs from a variety of organisms allowed us to identify the two critical Asp residues typical of this enzyme's activity site and the other binding sites; these residues are tightly conserved in all members of this protein family. Apparently, there are catalytic residues on the b subunit of the pyrophosphate-dependent enzyme.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Ergonomics productivity enhancement at government-owned sugar cane factories in east Java, Indonesia.

To cope, both with the increasing demand for sugar and to win the global competition as well, government-owned sugar cane limited number xxi-xxii, has decided to enhance its productivity, among other things, by implementing ergonomics principles within their factories. In the execution, ergonomics application have been carried out since 1992, which resulted in safer, healthier, and more efficient working conditions and environment. Some of the improvements yielded economic gains through higher productivity via increased output, lower cost, faster processing, etc. Improvements related to cane transloading and unloading processes resulted in a higher amount of cane being transferred from the trucks to the lorries as well as from the lorries to the cane table. Fewer clinical visits, lower health care costs, more efficient inspection, and fewer fatigue complaints are also achieved by improvement steps, which increase the productivity as end results. With all those economic gains, full and long lasting management's concern and commitment could be created without a doubt.

Agriculture↗
PubMed2001

Canes, crutches and home care services: the interplay of human and technological assistance.

This brief reports the results of a study investigating the efficacy of canes, crutches, walkers, and wheelchairs for people who need assistance with everyday activities and asks the question, does low assistive technology replace human help for people with disabilities? Study results show that canes and crutches are low cost, versatile aids that can partially substitute for human assistance by reducing the overall number of hours of care required. They can also reduce out-of-pocket expenses for supportive services. Walkers and wheelchairs, on the other hand, appear to supplement, rather than substitute for, human assistance. The brief concludes by recommending that greater use of canes and crutches be actively encouraged to increase the independence of people who need help with daily activities.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2001

Community values for environmental protection in a cane farming catchment in northern Australia: a choice modelling study.

Choice modelling is an emerging approach to estimating the non-use values of environmental services with multiple attributes. In this paper, results are reported of a choice modelling study conducted in the Herbert River District of North Queensland to estimate the value placed on the protection of natural vegetation in areas suitable for cane production by the local community. Resource use options that vary in the level of environmental protection and the level of agricultural production were presented as a series of choice sets and respondents were asked to choose among a set of three discrete alternatives in a given choice set. The alternatives in each choice set were described by four attributes, pertaining to the area of teatree woodlands, the area of vegetation along rivers and in wetlands, regional income from cane production, and an environmental levy. The responses were analysed together with socio-economic data using a nested-logit discrete-choice model to estimate the community willingness-to-pay for the protection of natural vegetation. The results indicate that the environmental values of wetlands are comparable to returns from commercial production of sugar cane and that the values of teatree woodlands are comparable to returns from extensive grazing. It is argued that land allocation policies should recognise these values in tandem with commercial benefits of production to ensure that resources are used more efficiently.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Analysis of genetic similarity detected by AFLP and coefficient of parentage among genotypes of sugar cane ( Saccharum spp.).

Despite the economical importance of sugar cane, until the present-date no studies have been carried out to determine the correlation of the molecular-based genetic similarity (GS) and the coefficient of parentage ( f)-estimates generated for cultivars. A comprehensive knowledge of the amount of genetic diversity in parental cultivars, could improve the effectiveness of breeding programmes. In this study, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and pedigree data were used to investigate the genetic relationship in a group of 79 cultivars (interspecific hybrids), used as parents in one of the Brazilian breeding programmes, and four species of Saccharum ( Saccharum sinense, Saccharum barberi and two of Saccharum officinarum). The objectives of this study were to assess the level of genetic similarity among the sugar-cane cultivars and to investigate the correlation between the AFLP-based GS and f, based on pedigree information. Twenty one primer combinations were used to obtain the AFLP molecular markers, generating a total of 2,331 bands, of which 1,121 were polymorphic, with a polymorphism rate, on average, of 50% per primer combination. GSs were determined using Jaccard's similarity coefficient, and a final dendrogram was constructed using an unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic average (UPGMA). AFLP-based GS ranged from 0.28 to 0.89, with a mean of 0.47, whereas f ranged from 0 to 0.503, with a mean of 0.057. Cluster analysis using GS divided the genotypes into related subgroups suggesting that there is important genetic relationship among the cultivars. AFLP-based GS and f were significantly correlated ( r= 0.42, P< 0.001), thus the significance of this r value suggests that the AFLP data may help to more-accurately quantify the degree of relationship among sugar-cane cultivars.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Testosterone secretion and pharmacological spermatozoal recovery in the cane toad (Bufo marinus).

The cane toad (Bufo marinus) was used as a model to study male anuran reproductive endocrinology and to develop a protocol for non-invasive sperm recovery. Circulating testosterone concentrations in 6-hourly samples did not vary significantly (P < 0.05) over a 24 h period although there was a tendency (P = 0.06) for testosterone to be elevated at 19:00 h relative to other times of the day, which may be related to the nocturnal activity pattern of this species. Testosterone secretion after intraperitoneal (IP) injection of either a GnRH agonist (5 microg IP) or hCG (1000 IU) was also examined. While the GnRH agonist did not produce a significant increase above basal plasma testosterone (0.29, 95% C.I. of 0.05-1.10 ng/ml), injection of hCG resulted in an increase (P < 0.01) of plasma testosterone with peak concentrations at approximately 120 min (4.17, 95% C.I. of 2.69-7.44 ng/ml) after injection. Non-invasive pharmaceutical sperm recovery was attempted following IP injection of graded doses of GnRH agonist, hCG or FSH. Urine was collected at 3, 6 and 12 h after treatment to assess sperm quality and quantity. The optimal protocol for sperm recovery in cane toads was injection of either 1000 or 2000 IU hCG; there was no significant difference in the quality of the spermic urine samples obtained using either dose of hCG or with respect to collection time. The findings indicated that hCG can be used to assess testicular steroidogenic status and also to induce sperm recovery in the cane toad. The hCG protocols developed in this study will have application in studies on the reproductive biology of rare and endangered male anurans.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Characterization and use of high surface area activated carbons prepared from cane pith for liquid-phase adsorption.

Carbonaceous adsorbents with controllable surface areas were chemically activated with KOH at 780 degrees C from char that had been carbonized from cane pith at 450 degrees C. The pore properties including the BET surface area, pore volume, pore size distribution, and mean pore diameter of these activated carbons were characterized and derived using the t-plot method based on N(2) adsorption isotherms. The activated cane pith carbons, with KOH/char ratios of 2-6, exhibited BET surface areas ranging from 912 to 2299 m(2) g(-1). The scanning electron microscopic (SEM) observations revealed that the surface morphology of honeycombed holes on all activated cane pith carbons was significantly influenced by the KOH/char ratio. The adsorption kinetics and equilibrium isotherms of acid blue 74, methylene blue, basic brown 1, p-nitrophenol, p-chlorophenol, p-cresol, and phenol from water at 30 degrees C on the activated carbons were studied. The adsorption kinetics were suitably described by a simplified kinetic model, the Elovich equation. All adsorption equilibrium isotherms were in agreement with the Langmuir equation, and were used to compare the covered area (S(c)/S(p)) of the activated carbons at different KOH/char ratios. The high-surface-area activated carbons were proven to be promising adsorbents for pollution control and for other applications.

Adsorption↗
PubMed2002

Effect of maturity on chlorophyll, tannin, color, and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity of sugarcane juice (Saccharum officinarum Var. Yellow Cane).

A study was conducted to determine the effect of sugarcane maturation on the contents of chlorophyll, tannin, and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity and on color change of sugarcane juice. The maturation period of the cane studied was between 3 and 10 months after planting. Different parts of the cane, namely, the top, middle, and bottom portions, were analyzed. Results obtained indicated that there were significant (P < 0.01) decreases in total chlorophyll a and b and tannin contents during maturity followed by slower rates of decrease of both parameters at the end of maturity stages. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in chlorophyll and tannin contents between the middle and bottom portions. On the other hand, the top portion of the stem had a significantly (P < 0.01) lower concentration of chlorophyll and a significantly (P < 0.01) higher content of tannin. PPO activity of sugarcane juice was determined using chlorogenic acid as a substrate. There was a highly significant difference (P < 0.01) in PPO activity of cane juice during maturity. PPO activity was high at the early development stage, decreased during maturation, and then remained relatively constant at the end of maturity. PPO activity was higher when chlorogenic acid was used as substrate. There were also significant differences (P < 0.01) in juice color (L*, a*, b* values) from different portions at different maturity stages. At the early stages, the color of extracted juice was dark, and then the juice turned to yellowish green during maturity. The decrease in green color or the increase in the yellow color could be associated with the decline in chlorophyll. The overall color change (DeltaE) at maturity indicated that the color of the middle and bottom portions was lower than that of the top portion.

Catechol Oxidase↗
PubMed1999

Smallholder farming of the greater cane rat, Thryonomys swinderianus, Temminck, in southern Ghana: a baseline survey of management practices.

Baseline management practices and productivity of captive greater cane rats were studied between February and July 1992 using questionnaires with 33 practising and former farmers in 16 villages in three regions in southern Ghana. The colony sizes were relatively small, ranging between 1 and 96, with nearly a 100% farmer drop-out rate. The mean litter size of the greater cane rats in this study was 4.8+/-0.13, with the young being weaned at 8.8 weeks old. Although nearly all the farmers interviewed (90.9%) had long-term commercial intentions, a number of problems militating against their objectives were encountered. These included lack of technical support on proper management practices for efficient production, housing design, dry season feeding, sex determination and the acquisition of foundation stock. In conclusion, these studies have shown the generally poor state of the greater cane rat industry in Ghana, which requires research into almost all aspects of the productivity of this animal under captive breeding.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1998

A novel repetitive sequence of sugar cane, SCEN family, locating on centromeric regions.

Tandem repetitive sequences consisting of 140-bp repetitive units were cloned from sugar cane genomic DNA and designated the SCEN family. In situ hybridization revealed that they were located on the centromeric region of almost all of the chromosomes of sugar cane. The 140-bp sequence included three CENP-B box-like sequences. Phylogenetic analysis of the members of the SCEN family revealed that the sequences had 75% homology with each other, on average, and that the sequences could not be further classified into smaller subfamilies. The copy number of the sequence was estimated to be 2.6 x 10(5) per haploid sugar cane genome and, therefore, 4.6 x 10(3) or 630 kb per chromosome on average.

Autoantigens↗