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Transitional cell carcinoma of the clitoris: direct implantation or metastasis.

Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder is the seventh most frequent cancer of women. The possible mechanisms of local tumor recurrence are seeding and multicentricity. Distant metastases are most frequently as a result of vascular or lymphatic spread and to a lesser extent by seeding of the tumor cells with urine or transurethral instrumentation. We report a clitoral metastasis of a TCC of the bladder, which is a very unexpected and extremely rare site for metatstasis and discuss whether the possible mechanism is vascular spreading or direct seeding. To our knowledge this is the third case in the literature.

Aged↗

Neurofibromata of clitoris and labium majus simulating a penis and testicle.

A case report is presented of a circumscribed neurofibroma in the external genitalia of a young girl which gave the impression of a phallus and a labioscrotal gonad. There was a large care-au-lait spot on the lower abdomen. An acute anxiety state developed which, together with the genital abnormality was corrected by clitoral and labial reduction.

Child↗

The surgical management of the enlarged clitoris.

In this study we compare the cosmetic and functional results of the common reconstructive techniques used in the management of patients with clitoral hypertrophy. We find impressive benefits in a surgical procedure that includes excision of the clitoral shaft with preservation of the glans and ventral mucosa combined with simple introitoplasty. We recommend reserving definitive vaginoplasty as needed until the age of puberty. Our experience is this clinical area is being offered with attention to the long-term followup of patients.

Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital↗

Schwannoma of the clitoris.

Schwannoma is a tumor of the peripheral nerve sheath, which rarely affects the female genitalia. These tumors are often associated with von Recklinghuasen neurofibromatosis; however, they have also been reported in patients without that disease, and its most common location is the posterior mediastinum, the retroperitoneum, the head and neck, and the extremities. Simple surgical excision and follow up is the most convenient treatment (1).

Clitoris↗