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PubMed1981

Electromyogram of rabbit colon and cecum in vitro.

The rabbit colon is unique in that the proximal colon has taenia coli, but the distal colon has none. Electromyograms were studied from the mucosal and serosal sides of the proximal (taenial) and distal (nontaenial) rabbit colon and cecum. In the proximal colon, similar electromyograms could be obtained from either the mucosal (circular muscle) or serosal (taenia coli) side. Spike bursts occurred in 18.6% of slow waves from the serosal side; however, there were none from the mucosal side. Unlike the proximal colon, the serosal side of the distal colon gave a better electromyographic recording which showed electrical silent periods and variable amplitudes of slow waves. Recordings could also be obtained equally well from both the mucosal and serosal sides of the rabbit cecum. Acetylcholine significantly increased (p less than 0.05) the percentage of slow waves with spikes in taenial colon and the electrical active period in nontaenial colon, whereas atropine, phenylephrine, isoproterenol, and tetrodotoxin produced a significant decrease (p less than 0.05). This study showed that the electromyograms of the rabbit colon and cecum were complex. Although differences existed between the taenial and nontaenial colon, they exhibited similar responses to some autonomic drugs. Furthermore, recordings could be obtained from both sides of the proximal colon and cecum.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1996

Mobile cecum syndrome: a report of two cases.

Mobile cecum syndrome is characterized by chronic right lower quadrant pain with the evidence of neither appendicitis nor other pathological findings at operation. Two cases of mobile cecum syndrome are reported; both had intermittent right lower quadrant cramping pain for months. One had received appendectomy because of chronic right lower quadrant pain at another hospital about nine months before admission here. The symptoms did not improve postoperatively, and the patient underwent laparotomy under impression of partial intestinal obstruction. The other patient underwent laparotomy under impression of chronic appendicitis. At surgery, both were found to have cecum and ascending colon were not attached to the posterior parietal wall, and cecopexy was performed. They have now been symptom free for one year. Cecopexy appears therefore to be an effective method of treatment of mobile cecum syndrome.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMed1997

[An adult case of dermatomyositis complicated with cecum perforation and panniculitis].

The case of dermatomyositis complicated with cecum perforation and panniculitis occurred in a 62-year-old woman was reported. She was admitted to Keio University Hospital with a history of proximal muscular weakness, and dysphagia. Physical examination showed erythema over the face and shoulder. Serum level of muscle enzymes was remarkably increased. The diagnosis of dermatomyositis was made based on proximal muscular weakness, elevated serum level of muscle enzymes and myogenic change of electromyocardiogram. The treatment with 60 mg/day of prednisolone was started, and was a good response. However, 7 months later the disease became active again when the amount of prednisolone was reduced to 13 mg/day. Subsequently she complained of abdominal pain on the right lower quadrant. The surgical findings included peritonitis due to the perforation of the cecum and multiple ulcers of the cecum. After operation, azathioprine was added. Four years and 9 months later, she noticed skin erythema with ulceration and subcutaneous nodule. Skin biopsy indicated the findings of the panniculitis with membrano-cystic lesion. It was thought that both cecum perforation and panniculitis were caused by angiopathy which was often seen in childhood dermatomyositis.

Cecal Diseases↗
PubMed1990

[A case of acute simple volvulus of the cecum].

A rare and exceptional case of acute simple volvulus of the cecum, already affected by a gangrenous process, is described after it had been found by chance in a patient who was operated for acute abdomen. The torsion had occurred in a tract of the cecum which had been strictured by an acute aspecific inflammation. Having underlined that preoperative diagnosis of simple volvulus of the cecum is virtually impossible (and likewise the diagnosis of volvuli of the ascending cecum and ileocecumcholics), the paper continues to describe the etiopathogenetic mechanisms which are thought to have caused to volvulus in question.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

Acute diverticulitis of the cecum and ascending colon diagnosed by computed tomography.

Between June 1984 and August 1985, computed tomography (CT) was performed upon seven patients with diverticulitis of the cecum and ascending colon who presented with acute right lower quadrant symptoms of unknown origin. Three of these patients had undergone an appendectomy, while in the remaining four patients, the history and physical findings were atypical of acute appendicitis. CT findings suggestive of acute diverticulitis including thickening of the intestinal wall and pericolonic inflammation were present in all seven patients. In four patients, the colonic inflammation was limited to the segment of ascending colon superior to the ileocecal valve. In one patient, the inflammation involved both the ascending colon and the cecum, while in the two remaining patients, the inflammatory changes were limited to the cecum. An associated diverticular abscess was present in five patients and all were correctly identified preoperatively by CT. One patient in whom the diagnosis of uncomplicated diverticulitis of the ascending colon was made on the basis of the CT scan, was successfully managed nonoperatively with antibiotics. Five patients required a right hemicolectomy for perforated diverticulitis with abscess. The remaining patient underwent a right hemicolectomy for recurrent episodes of acute diverticulitis. Our experience suggests that CT is useful in the early diagnosis of diverticulitis of the cecum and ascending colon.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

Carcinoma of the cecum.

During the ten year period of this retrospective study, 66 of 1,451 patients with carcinoma of the colon and rectum had carcinoma of the cecum. The most frequent symptoms were nonspecific and caused by anemia which, in some instances, were treated without adequate investigation. The standard and most appropriate treatment for carcinoma of the cecum is a right hemicolectomy with ileotranversostomy and, when necessary and feasible, en bloc resection of involved parts of the abdominal wall. In the absence of nodal disease or distant metastases, extension to the abdominal wall does not adversely influence the prognosis. The surgeon must remain aware of the possibility of coexisting carcinoma of the cecum and appendicitis. Any patient with a mass or a persistent draining sinus after an appendectomy or drainage of an appendical abscess should be suspected of having carcinoma of the cecum. The over-all five year survival rate in this series is 33%, and if curative resections alone are considered, it is 44%, with an operative mortality of 3%. More recent evidence indicates that there has been a shortening of the delay in treatment, and we believe future studies will show an improvement in these figures.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Anatomy of the guinea-pig cecum.

The anatomy of the cecum of the domesticated guinea pig (Cavia aperea f. procellus) was investigated at the macroscopic and microscopic levels. In situ observations, injections of the blood vascular system and the preparation of dried specimens were made to elucidate the macroscopic anatomy of the cecum. The complex mesenterial situation in the abdomen was also investigated. The guinea-pig intestinal tract is peculiarized by the presence of the voluminous teniated cecum, which lacks an appendix vermiformis. The stomach is relative small and simple; the large intestine does not possess teniae. Seen with the scanning electron microscope the surface topography of the cecal wall shows a pattern of irregular mounds and crevasses. The former are made up of raised ridges, often in circular or looped profiles. Correlated light microscopic observation revealed an irregularity of the mucosal surface consisting of protrusions into the cecal lumen, the circular and looped configurations of the scanning microscope image representing the entry into crypts at the light microscopic level. The close association of bacteria to the mucosal surface is striking. Observed with the transmission electron microscope this close association takes the form of an intermicrovillar location of the bacteria. The present observations are compared to those made on their rodents and with respect to the dietary habit of the guinea pig.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Anatomy of the cecum of the cat.

In a series of comparative anatomical studies on the ceca of various mammals the cat was chosen as representative of a "typical" carnivore. In the domestic cat, the cecum is conspicuously small and macroscopically relatively undifferentiated in comparison to most herbivores. Microscopically (light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy), however, it is characterized by an abundance of goblet cells and enterocytes rich in organelles, suggestive of functional activity. In addition to the morphological description, which also includes arterial supply and mesenteries of the cecum, the discussion is focussed on 1) the possible functional significance of the numerous goblet cells 2) a general categorization of the different types of ileal-caeco-colical junctions and 3) speculations concerning the justification for considering the carnivore cecum as being rudimentary.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Induction of Na-K-ATPase in plasma membranes to rat cecum mucosa by diet: time course and kinetics.

Dietary polyethylene glycol (PEG) induces an increase in the specific activity of Na+-K+-activated adenosine triphosphatase (Na-K-ATPase) in the cecum mucosa of rats. Using cecum mucosa homogenates and cellular subfractions obtained by differential centrifugation, the induction process was studied with respect to time course, subcellular distribution and properties of the enzyme. In comparison with controls, Na-K-ATPase specific activity was stimulated in PEG treated rats in the total homogenate and the microsomal (105000 X g) but not in the mitochondrial (9000 X g) or nuclear (1000 X g) sediment. The specific activity of Mg-ATPase did not change in any of the fractions. Na-K-ATPase induction was statistically significant after 2 days and complete after 1-2 weeks, in parallel with the previously described stimulation in net sodium absorption. Kinetic analysis showed Vmax for ATP to be doubled while Km for ATP, Na and K as well as the optimal Mg/ATP ratio and Ki for ouabain remained unchanged. It is proposed that Na-K-ATPase and active sodium transport are closely associated in rat cecum and that dietary Na-K-ATPase stimulation is due to the induction of more enzyme molecules per unit basolateral cell membrane.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1993

The cecum is the site with the highest calcium absorption in rat intestine.

In the absence of electrochemical gradients, mucosa-to-serosa Ca transport across the rat cecum is about six times higher than the serosa-to-mucosa flux, resulting in a marked Ca absorption, which is considerably higher when compared with Ca absorption reported for other intestinal segments. The voltage-clamp experiments reveal that 45% of the total mucosa-to-serosa Ca transport measured across the short-circuited tissue is cellular whereas 55% is paracellular. The serosa-to-mucosa Ca flux, however, is purely paracellular. Dexamethasone or 1,25(OH)2D3 has no effect on the Ca transport across the cecum. Diphosphonate, known to inhibit 1,25(OH)2D3 synthesis, abolishes cellular mucosa-to-serosa Ca transport but this effect can be restored by simultaneous exogenous 1,25(OH)2D3 application. It is concluded that the cecum is the site with the highest calcium absorption in the rat intestine. The cellular mucosa-to-serosa Ca transport is dependent on 1,25(OH)2D3 but cannot be increased by exogenous 1,25(OH)2D3 application, suggesting that the Ca carrier in this segment already under normal nutritional conditions works at the maximal level. Ca absorption across the proximal colon therefore seems to be of physiological importance in the regulation of intestinal Ca homeostasis.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Ileocolic intussusception in adult due to malignant lymphoma in the cecum with intramural metastasis.

A rare adult case of intussusception caused by malignant lymphoma of the cecum with intramural metastasis is reported. The patient was a 24-year-old man. Ileocolic intussusception was diagnosed by characteristic findings on abdominal computed tomography. Endoscopic examination revealed a massive protuberant tumor, 3 cm in diameter, and a semipedunculated polyp, 1 cm in diameter, in the cecum, which had caused the ileocolic intussusception. Endoscopic biopsy specimens failed to yield a definitive diagnosis histologically, but right hemicolectomy with lymph node dissection was performed. On histologic examination of the surgical specimens, both the tumor and the polyp were diagnosed as diffuse lymphoma of medium-sized cell type, and no lymph node involvement was found. The patient responded well to surgical and chemotherapeutic treatment, and has had no recurrence of malignant lymphoma in the 2 years since the surgical treatment. This was a very rare case of an intussusception in an adult patient due to malignant lymphoma in the cecum with intramural metastasis and without lymph node involvement.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Epidermoid cyst of the cecum of an elderly man with no previous history of surgery: a case report and review of literature.

BACKGROUND: Pure, benign epidermoid cysts of the abdominal viscera are rare. There have been only four reports of epidermoid cysts of the cecum in the literature, two following appendectomies and attributed to the surgical procedure, and two in female patients, raising the possibility of dermoid cysts related to the ovaries. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We report the first case of epidermoid cyst of the cecum in an elderly man with no previous history of trauma or surgery, detected by computed tomography as an incidental finding of extraluminal cystic cecal mass. It was treated by partial colectomy. Pathologically the cyst was roughly spherical, extending from and expanding the serosal surface of the cecum with no communication through the muscularis wall. Histologically the inner lining of the cyst was composed of benign, mature, keratinized, stratified squamous epithelium with a well formed granular layer. No calcification, hair, teeth, or bone elements was detected. RESULTS: The interesting finding in our case is the unusual anatomical location and the age and sex of the patient. The patient had no history of any abdominal surgical procedures. The most likely explanation for the presence and development of an epidermoid cyst in this location is the result of an aberrant ectodermal implantation during embryogenesis. CONCLUSION: Awareness of the possibility of the presence of epidermoid cysts in this area with distinctive radiological findings consistent with a well circumscribed benign cyst should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cysts within the abdomen.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

The marked increase of Listeria monocytogenes isolation from contents of swine cecum.

The actual prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes from contents of swine cecum was investigated. The efficiency of Listeria enrichment broth (LEB) for isolation was examined by the recovery of artificially inoculated L. monocytogenes in contents of swine cecum. The numbers of organisms did not increase after 48 h incubation, but increased when the rapid decrease in pH of the LEB was adjusted. Between 1991 and 1993, 250 contents of swine cecum were examined for the prevalence of L. monocytogenes using LEB enrichment, either with or without pH adjustment. L. monocytogenes was isolated from 74 samples in 1993 with pH adjustment, however, no organisms were isolated in 1991 and 1992. It was suggested that the marked rise of the L. monocytogenes isolation was due to the spread of the organism among swine. Furthermore, 67 out of the 74 isolates were identified as 1/2c by serotyping. The serovar 1/2c strains showed genetic diversity by random amplified polymorphic DNA.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Single pancreatic metastasis from a previously resected carcinoma of the cecum: a case report.

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of an isolated pancreatic metastasis from a primary cecum carcinoma. BACKGROUND: Carcinoma of the colon and rectum commonly metastasizes to distant sites such as liver, lung, bone, brain, and ovaries. Only a few cases of pancreatic metastasis from a primary colonic carcinoma had been reported. Metastasic lesions to the pancreas are found only in 3% to 12% of autopsies from advanced malignancies. Primary tumors that commonly metastasize to the pancreas are lung and kidney. Most of the patients with metastatic lesions to pancreas also had extrapancreatic metastatic disease. CASE: We report a case of a 86-year-old woman with a single pancreatic metastasis from a primary cecum carcinoma resected 8 months before. CONCLUSIONS: The finding of an isolated metastasis to the pancreatic body from a primary cecum adenocarcinoma is extremely rare.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2006

Breed effect on early cytokine mRNA expression in spleen and cecum of chickens with and without Salmonella enteritidis infection.

We examined mRNA expression of 11 genes: BAK, Bcl-x, Interferon [IFN]-gamma, Interleukin [IL]-1beta, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12alpha, IL-12beta, IL-18, CXCLi2 [IL-8/CAF], and a MIP family chemokine, CCLi2, in the spleen and cecum of day-old chicks after oral inoculation with Salmonella enteritidis (SE) or medium. Three distinct chicken breeds (broiler, Fayoumi, and Leghorn) were evaluated for mRNA expression levels at 2 and 18h post-inoculation using quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). SE exposure significantly increased splenic IL-18 and IFN-gamma expression. Breed effect was significant (P<0.05) for CXCLi2, IL-10, IL-12alpha, and CCLi2 mRNA expression in the spleen, and for IL-12alpha, IL-12beta, IL-18, and CCLi2 mRNA expression in the cecum. Generally, mRNA expression levels were higher in the spleen, and lower in the cecum, of Leghorns versus broilers. These results support a role for breed genetics influencing cytokine mRNA expression in young chickens and may potentially explain some generalized immune response differences between breeds.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

What is the optimal depth for core-out toward the foramen cecum in a thyroglossal duct cyst operation?

The high recurrence rate of thyroglossal duct cyst operations is well documented. Sistrunk's operation is widely accepted as the best procedure to prevent recurrence. Nonetheless, the optimum depth of core-out is still not well documented. We previously reported a standard running pattern of the thyroglossal duct in an anatomical reconstruction study. In more detailed pathological studies, we have tried to determine the optimal depth for core-out toward foramen cecum and the optimal width of the hyoid bone to be resected. The following items were clarified. (1) Double the horizontal distance from midline to the most distant thyroglossal duct in front of the hyoid bone was 2.4 to 9.6 mm. (2) The length of the single duct above the hyoid bone which spreads into many ductuli as it approaches the foramen cecum was about 3 to 5 mm in 2- to 6-year old children. (3) The diameter of the thyroglossal duct at the level of the cranial top of the hyoid bone was 175 to 1,400 microns. Half of the examined cases were less than 500 microns, which may have rendered direct dissection impossible. Based on these studies, we propose: (1) that a minimum of 10 mm of the hyoid bone should be resected, and for the sake of safety, more than 15 mm is preferable; and (2) that the depth of the core-out should be less than 5 mm in young children to avoid the breakdown of the branched ductuli near the foramen cecum.

Cecum↗
PubMed1986

The Mainz pouch (mixed augmentation ileum and cecum) for bladder augmentation and continent diversion.

The surgical technique for construction of the Mainz (mixed augmentation ileum and cecum) ileocecal pouch for bladder augmentation or continent urinary diversion focuses on 3 functional features: creation of a low pressure reservoir of adequate capacity from cecum and 2 ileal loops, which are split open longitudinally, antirefluxing ureteral implantation into cecum or ascending colon, achieved by a standard submucosal tunnel technique, and in cases of bladder augmentation continence depends on competence of the bladder neck and urethral closure mechanisms, while in urinary diversion continent closure of the pouch is achieved by isoperistaltic ileoileal intussusception or implantation of an alloplastic stomal prosthesis. Of 11 patients with Mainz pouch bladder augmentation (5 of which were undiversions) 10 are completely dry day and night with normal intervals of bladder evacuation. Two patients with myelomeningocele are on intermittent catheterization for bladder evacuation, while the remainder void spontaneously without significant residual urine. Of 12 patients with Mainz pouch urinary diversion 6 have an ileoileal intussusception valve and are completely continent, as are 3 of 4 with an alloplastic stomal prosthesis. Two patients still are awaiting implantation of a sphinteric prosthesis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Short-chain fatty acids enhance diffusional ca transport in the epithelium of the rat cecum and colon.

We examined the effect of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) on Ca absorption from the large intestine in rats in vitro. An Ussing-type chamber technique was used to determine the net transport of Ca from the luminal side to the basolateral side of isolated epithelium in cecum and colon preparations. The concentration of Ca in the serosal and mucosal Tris buffer solution was 1.25 mM and 10 mM, respectively. Both solutions were warmed at 37 degrees C and bubbled with 95% O2 and 5% CO2. During and after the incubation period (30 min or 60 min), the Ca concentration in the serosal medium was determined and the net transepithelial Ca transport was evaluated. The addition of 80 mM acetic acid, 40 mM propionic acid and 10 mM butyric acid to the mucosal medium increased net Ca absorption (about 300%) in the cecum and colon. An individual application of acetic, propionic or butyric acid (0.01 to 100 mM) to the mucosal medium also increased net Ca absorption at doses of 10 mM and /or 100 mM in the cecum and colon. An increase in solute concentration in the mucosal medium by addition of glycerol or PGE400, or a decrease in pH (7.0-3.0) by addition of HCl did not affect transepithelial Ca transport. We concluded that SCFAs affect the epithelial tissue and promote Ca absorption from the large intestine in vitro. The enhancement of Ca transport induced by SCFAs might be involved in the paracellular transport mechanism.

Animals↗