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At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Burn wound evaporation--measurement of body fluid loss by probe evaporimeter and weight change.

A knowledge of the rate of fluid loss from the body is a useful aid in planning treatment of patients with severe burns. Different methods for obtaining this data have been investigated. Evaporation rates recorded from a probe evaporimeter have been compared with gravimetric measurements. The evaporimeter underestimated evaporation, especially at high levels, but could be calibrated against known evaporation rates. Estimates of whole-body fluid loss have been made from calibrated evaporimeter data and results compared with measurements of fluid loss by weight change for three patients. Problems with assessing whole-body evaporation rates in the clinical environment are highlighted. Weight change gives a more accurate assessment of total body fluid loss, but considerable effort is necessary to record all relevant information. Probe evaporimeter measurements are simple to perform and allow local evaporation rates to be estimated, but results should be treated with caution. Evaporation rates from wounds of 17 patients with severe burns have been evaluated in terms of surface diffusion resistances. The diffusion resistances of some burn wounds increased with time, but many did not change significantly during the first ten days after injury, and there was considerable variation with burn type and severity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Duration of time on shift before accidental blood or body fluid exposure for housestaff, nurses, and technicians.

BACKGROUND: Shift work has been found to be associated with an increased rate of errors and accidents among healthcare workers (HCWs), but the effect of shift work on accidental blood and body fluid exposure sustained by HCWs has not been well characterized. OBJECTIVES: To determine the duration of time on shift before accidental blood and body fluid exposure in housestaff, nurses, and technicians and the proportion of housestaff who sustain a blood and body fluid exposure after 12 hours on duty. METHODS: This retrospective, descriptive study was conducted during a 24-month period at a large urban teaching hospital. Participants were HCWs who sustained an accidental blood and body fluid exposure. RESULTS: Housestaff were on duty significantly longer than both nursing staff (P=.02) and technicians (P<.0001) before accidental blood and body fluid exposure. Half of the blood and body fluid exposures sustained by housestaff occurred after being on duty 8 hours or more, and 24% were sustained after being on duty 12 hours or more. Of all HCWs, 3% reported an accidental blood and body fluid exposure, with specific rates of 7.9% among nurses, 9.4% among housestaff, and 3% among phlebotomists. CONCLUSIONS: Housestaff were significantly more likely to have longer duration of time on shift before blood and body fluid exposure than were the other groups. Almost one-quarter of accidental blood and body fluid exposures to housestaff were incurred after they had been on duty for 12 hours or more. Housestaff sustained a higher rate of accidental blood and body fluid exposures than did nursing staff and technicians.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1983

Cerebrospinal fluid as a diagnostic body fluid.

The cerebrospinal fluid is a dynamic, metabolically active substance that has many important functions. It is invaluable as a diagnostic aid in the evaluation of inflammatory conditions, infectious or noninfectious, involving the brain, spinal cord, and meninges. The cerebrospinal fluid may be obtained with relative ease with the use of lumbar puncture, but failing this, alternative techniques are available. With the judicious use of the computerized axial tomographic scan, the removal of cerebrospinal fluid has little attendant risk. Age-related and compartmental variations in chemical and cellular composition are important considerations in the interpretation of results. Alterations in cerebrospinal fluid constituents from different pathologic processes may be similar in certain circumstances and cause interpretation difficulties.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) in pregnancy body fluids during normal and abnormal pregnancy.

cAMP levels in maternal urine (MU), maternal plasma (MP), and amniotic fluid (AF) were measured by competitive protein-binding assay in medically uncomplicated pregnancies (Group A) and some abnormal pregnancies (Group B). In Group A, MU values increased from 3.43 +/- 0.3 mu/Moles per gram of creatinine (mean +/- S.E.M.) at 12 to 29 weeks to its peak value, 5.72 +/- 1.03 at 33 to 35 weeks (p less than 0.025). Thereafter, the values decreased until term. In AF, cAMP levels increased from 9.4 +/- 1.02 at 10 to 19 weeks to 32.6 +/- 2.7 picomoles per milliliter between 35 and 42 weeks (p less than 0.005). Mean +/- S.E.M. MP levels between 4 to 20 and 21 to 42 weeks showed no significant difference (14.97 +/- 15.89 +/- 0.57 picomoles per milliliter, respectively). Umbilical cord plasma contained higher concentrations than in MP and AF. In Group B, abnormal MU patterns were observed in hypertensive disorders, chronic renal disease, and postmaturity. In a single patient with hyperthyroidism, abnormal MU and AF (but not MP) levels were observed. Abnormalities in MU and AF concentrations of the nucleotide are thus not specific for one disease entity.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1976

16-sulfates of estriol in body fluids of human pregnancy at term.

A method was developed for the assay of estriol-16-sulfate (E3-16S) and estriol-3, 16-disulfate (E3-3,16-diS) in maternal serum, cord serum and amniotic fluid at delivery in human pregnancy. Tritiated E3-16S and E3-3,16-diS are added to the fluid being analyzed. The conjugates are separated and purified by sequential chromatography on alumina, Celite and Sephadex LH-20. Each conjugate is hydrolyzed with Glusulase and the released estriol is quantified by radioimmmunoassay. E3-3,16-diS was found in each fluid, most concentrated in the cord serum. Small amounts of E3-16S were found in some amniotic fluids, and this conjugate was virtually absent from the sera. These new estriol conjugates comprise less than 1 percent of total, estriol, apparently too low to be of diagnostic value in human pregnancy.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1982

Multiple forms of iduronate 2-sulphate sulphatase in human tissues and body fluids.

Iduronate 2-sulphate sulphatase (EC 3.1.6.-) was found in human placenta in three forms which could be separated by elution from DEAE-cellulose using an NaCl gradient. Form C, most firmly bound to DEAE-cellulose, was 40% larger than the other two (forms A and B in order of ease of elution from the ion exchanger). Forms B and C contained sialic acid which could be removed by neuraminidase digestion. After removal of sialic acid form B became indistinguishable from form A. The enzyme forms found in placenta were compared with those from other human tissues and fluids by means of DEAE-cellulose chromatography and gel chromatography. Serum and amniotic fluid contained only form C, urine and cultured fibroblasts contained the less-anionic forms as well, and kidney contained appreciable amounts only of form A. Pre- and post-natal diagnosis of the Hunter syndrome both involve measurements on the enzyme which is present in form C. This is not accompanied by less-anionic forms which constitute the bulk of the enzyme as it is isolated from easily available sources such as urine.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1991

High-performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous measurement of floxuridine and fluorouracil in human body fluids.

A method for the simultaneous measurement of floxuridine (5-fluorodeoxyuridine) and fluorouracil in human plasma and peritoneal fluid has been developed. This method utilizes high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis with a Zorbax RX column (25 cm x 4.6 mm I.D.) plus a guard cartridge of the same material. The sensitivity limits for this assay are 0.25 mumol/l in a 20-microliters sample. The detection limit at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 is 2.5 nmol/l. This procedure has been used to quantitatively measure concentration versus time profiles of floxuridine and fluorouracil in plasma and peritoneal fluid of human patients after receiving intraperitoneal administration of floxuridine.

Ascitic Fluid↗
PubMed1976

Profiles of volatile metabolities in body fluids.

A method for the analysis of volatile metabolites present in plasma, urine, breast milk and amniotic fluid collected from mother-infant pairs has been developed which requires only 100 mul of plasma, 3 ml of urine, 20 mul of breast milk and 500 mul of amniotic fluid. After extraction with diethyl ether, the volatile compounds were absorbed on glass wool in a special concentration tube and subsequently desorbed and transferred to a 100-m nickel capillary column for analysis by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The separations, carried out by temperature programming, were complete in 90 min.

Alcohols↗
PubMed1983

Steroid profiles of body fluids other than urine, obtained by capillary gas chromatography.

Steroid profiling by capillary gas chromatography has been applied to the analysis of free and conjugated steroids in serum, ovarian follicles, lutein cyst and peritoneal fluids. Sep-Pak C18 octadecylsilica was used for extraction, whereas the separation of free and different conjugates was accomplished by successive hydrolysis and liquid extraction steps.

Ascitic Fluid↗
PubMed1998

Development of a quantitative chemical ionization gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method to detect tuberculostearic acid in body fluids.

We developed a mass spectral method to verify the detection of free tuberculostearic acid (TSA) by frequency-pulsed electron-capture gas chromatography (FPEC-GC) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), serum, pericardial fluid, ascites fluid and pleural fluid of patients infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. To obtain satisfactory sensitivity and specificity for comparison of the test using mass spectrometry (MS) in the single ion monitor (SIM) mode to the FPEC-GC test, we developed a specific, sensitive, quantitative chemical ionization mass spectrometry capillary gas chromatography (QCIGC-MS) test. The procedure maximized the molecular ion (i.e., made it the base peak) for increased specificity and sensitivity, and instrument parameters for increased sensitivity. The procedure uses a computerized approach, requiring an internal standard (nonadecanoic acid) for precise measurement of the retention time and quantitation of the molecular ion of TSA. Data from this study suggest that QCIGC-MS analysis could be a valuable tool to confirm FPEC-GC identification of TSA in CSF, serum, and in pleural, ascites, and pericardial fluids.

Ascitic Fluid↗
PubMed1997

Bedside diagnostic testing of body fluids.

Numerous bedside diagnostic modalities are appropriate for the practice of emergency medicine. The proliferation of sophisticated technology is likely to increase both the availability and accuracy of commercial testing products. If health care reform in the United States results in a relaxation of the CLIA regulations, there will be a rapid expansion of research and development aimed at the biotechnology market. How much this would pertain to hospital-based emergency practice remains to be seen. Cost containment pressures may act in both directions on the utilization of available bedside technology. Although these tests are often less expensive than centralized laboratory determinations, the ready availability of near-patient testing may result in an increase in use that negates the lower cost. As with other diagnostic modalities, a thoughtful, considered approach based on scientific evidence will be necessary to formulate the appropriate use of bedside testing in individual emergency practice settings.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Determination of methylglyoxal-bis(guanylhydrazone) in body fluids by ion-pair chromatography.

Methylglyoxal-bis(guanylhydrazone), Methyl-G, is a potent antineoplastic agent currently undergoing Phase l clinical trials. Serum, ascitic and pleural fluids, and urine are deproteinized with methanol, supernatant is evaporated, residue is redissolved in the eluent, lipids are removed with carbon tetrachloride, and an aliquot of the aqueous layer injected into the chromatograph. Ethylglyoxal-bis(guanylhydrazone) (Ethyl-G) is the internal standard. The mobile phase is a mixture of an aqueous buffer (containing 0.004 M heptane and pentane sulfonic acid, 90%:10%, buffered to pH 3.5) and methanol (68%:32%). The ion-pair complex is retained on a micro Bondapak C18 column, eluted with a flow of 2.0 mL/min. Absorbance is measured at 280 nm. Detectability: 30 ng/mL (0.11 micro M) in serum, ascitic and pleural fluids, 300 ng/mL (1.1 micro M) in urine. Calibration curves (peak height ratios of Methyl-G/Ethyl-G plotted against known drug concentrations) were linear in the 0.1-30 microg/mL range. Correlation coefficinets were 0.999; coefficients of variation for reproducibility were less than 5%. Residual blood levels of Methyl-G persist for several days. Methyl-G was found to pass into ascitic fluid.

Ascitic Fluid↗
PubMed1988

Placental protein 21. Localization in human placenta and concentrations in the body fluids of men and nonpregnant and pregnant women.

The immunohistochemical localization of placental protein 21 (PP21) was marked in the syncytial brush border and basal membrane during the 1st and 2nd trimesters of pregnancy and also in the chorionic epithelial brush border and basement membrane at term. A weaker stain was found in the cell membranes of amniotic epithelial and chorionic trophoblast cells. Neither heparin nor changes in temperature significantly influenced PP21 concentration. Relatively high serum PP21 concentrations were measured during the follicular and luteal phases in healthy nonpregnant women and in healthy men whose seminal plasma also showed a high PP21 concentration. Serum PP21 levels in normal pregnancy rose from a median of 29.1 ng/ml at 6-7 weeks of gestation to 82.0 ng/ml at 36-37 weeks of gestation. Although maternal urine showed low PP21 levels during pregnancy, amniotic fluid PP21 levels were higher at 7-21 weeks of gestation than at term. Cord blood sera showed almost the same PP21 concentration as maternal sera, but retroplacental blood showed much higher levels. Maternal serum PP21 levels in hydatidiform mole patients did not differ from the normal pregnancy range, although their molar vesicular fluids contained higher PP21 concentrations. These results suggest an extraplacental source for PP21.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Pregnancy-associated globulin in body fluids of pregnant women.

Pregnancy-associated globulin (PAG) in saliva, urine and amniotic fluid was investigated just before and after delivery by Ouchterlony's method and immunoelectrosyneresis. In saliva, the incidence was more than 60 percent; 12 out of 18 samples by immunoelectrosyneresis and 11 out of 18 by Ouchterlony's method. In urine, 8 (33 percent) and 6 (25 percent) out of 24 samples were positive by immunoelectrosyneresis and Ouchterlony's method, but 19 out of 21 samples (91 percent) were positive by immunoelectrosyneresis. Of 12 pregnant women in whom serum, saliva, urine and amniotic fluid were tested by immunoelectrosyneresis, four showed positive reaction in the above four samples and 11 in three samples except urine.

Amniotic Fluid↗