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PubMed1992

Estimation of parity progression ratios from the truncated distribution of closed and open birth intervals.

A procedure to estimate parity progression ratios in a population from the truncated distribution of open and closed birth intervals is presented. The approach is quite simple in computation and data needs. It does not require any separate data on age at last birth to the women of completed fertility as in earlier methods. The procedure is illustrated with an observed set of data.

Biometry↗
PubMed2000

Analysis of birth intervals in a non-contracepting Indian population: an evolutionary ecological approach.

Reproductive strategies are related to ecological constraints. This paper examines data on early birth spacing in a scheduled caste, Bengali-speaking, non-contracepting population of the Karimganj district of southern Assam, India, taking an evolutionary ecological perspective. It is found that on average birth intervals closed by boy-boy are longer than those closed by girl-girl. Birth spacing tends to be longer among upper-income and Craftsman sub-caste mothers. The presence of a 'grandmother' in the household shortens spacing. These findings are compatible with an evolutionary-based reproductive decision-making process.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1983

The Ngaglik study: an inquiry into birth interval dynamics and maternal and child health in rural Java.

Preliminary analysis of the Ngaglik Study has been able to confirm much of what we knew about birth interval dynamics from past retrospective studies, while also adding new insights into birth spacing and maternal and child health in rural Java. In Ngaglik, a median duration of breast-feeding of over 2 years is associated with durations of lactational amenorrhoea of over a year on average, despite the very early introduction of other foods in the infant diet. Postpartum abstinence appears to play a role in birth spacing for many women, though as previous research has shown, it does not extend throughout the breast-feeding period and tends to be more abbreviated among younger, higher socioeconomic status individuals. The extent to which maternal nutrition affects the return of postpartum fecundity will be a central topic for more detailed investigation, though preliminary results do not lend support to nutrition as a major determinant. The anthropometry of women during pregnancy shows strong evidence of nutritional stress during the third trimester and, in general, provides valuable data for comparison with other Indonesian and international data. Maternal nutritional measurement during the postpartum period is perhaps even more valuable, since few studies anywhere have recorded detailed patterns of change during the months following childbirth. Among Ngaglik women, for example, upper arm measurements show very low values immediately after parturition, rising during the early months postpartum prior to a gradual decline. Nutritional indicators for lactators are somewhat higher than for non-lactators over the first year postpartum. Morbidity data for both mothers and children show frequent reported illness episodes and a wide variety of modern and traditional treatment patterns. The more than 8 000 observations of infant growth provide one of the few sources of such information for an Indonesian population, and data on primary tooth eruption will be used to relate dentition patterns to exact ages of child. A distinctive feature of the Ngaglik Study is the inclusion of attitudinal data and information on beliefs and customs, which will aid in interpreting behaviour patterns, will allow future detailed analysis to be set in a cultural context, and will help in the design of modern health and nutrition intervention programmes aimed at women and children during their most vulnerable stages of the life-cycle.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Birth interval study in a culturally stable urban population.

Five hundred women were interviewed within 2 days of delivery to examine indigenous birth spacing among the urban and rural population of Ife township. The crude birth interval was between 30 and 40 months due mainly to cultural attitudes towards lactation and sexual abstinence. The women studied possessed considerable knowledge of Western contraceptive methods, but they rejected them. The possible cause of this rejection is examined and solutions to the problem are suggested.

Birth Rate↗
PubMed1989

An extension of a model for first birth interval and some social factors.

"A model for the time of first birth is presented under certain assumptions, which involve biological and socio-cultural factors." The model is illustrated using data from Rural Development and Population Growth--A Sample Survey, 1978, conducted in Varanasi, India, and involving some 3,514 households.

Asia↗
PubMed2002

Sixty-one day twin to twin birth interval in a low technology setting.

Multiple pregnancy, whether spontaneous or from artificial reproductive techniques, is regarded as high risk. Limiting the twin-twin birth interval to within 30 minutes has been widely practised. However, conservative management of the retained live, immature second twin may be worthwhile. We report a case lasting sixty-one days in a low technology setting.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗