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Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

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At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Bruno de Finetti: the mathematician, the statistician, the economist, the forerunner.

Bruno de Finetti is possibly the best known Italian applied mathematician of the 20th century, but was he really just a mathematician? Looking at his papers it is always possible to find original and pioneering contributions to the various fields he was interested in, where he always put his mathematical "formamentis" and skills at the service of the applications, often extending standard theories and models in order to achieve more general results. Many contributions are also devoted to educational issues, in mathematics in general and in probability and statistics in particular.He really thought that mathematics and, in particular, those topics related to uncertainty, should enter in everyday life as a useful support to everyone's decision making. He always imagined and lived mathematics as a basic tool both for better understanding and describing complex phenomena and for helping decision makers in assuming coherent and feasible actions. His many important contributions to the theory of probability and to mathematical statistics are well known all over the world, thus, in the following, minor, but still pioneering, aspects of his work, related both to theory and to applications of mathematical tools, and to his work in the field of education and training of teachers, are presented.

Economics↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical trials: some reflections.

The principles and historical development of clinical trials are outlined briefly. Some issues that extend the basic philosophy first put forward by Sir Austin Bradford Hill 40 years ago and that will need consideration in the future application of clinical trials are discussed.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The first German textbook of ophthalmology "Augendienst" by G. Bartisch, 1583.

This book contains various illustrations, portraits and an exact index, testimonials proving the author's professional successes as well as an accurate list of the qualities that should be demanded from any ophthalmologist. The anatomy of the head and eye is described according to Galen's ideas and Vesalius' book. Many remedies, prescriptions and medical treatments are discussed, partly showing the mystic influences of the Middle Ages. Bartisch reports several diseases for the first time: Allergic reactions, sympathetic ophthalmia, hemeralopia, photoelectric keratoconjunctivitis, amaurosis due to toxemia of pregnancy. But most important is the part on surgery. A careful pre- and postoperative treatment is demanded in cases of cataract operations. Bartisch describes the removal of eyelashes to cure trichiasis, the operations of ptosis, blepharochalasis and the exenteration of the orbit. This book was appreciated for a long time so that in 1686 a nearly identical reprint was published.

Books↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The lacrimal surgery of Petrus Camper and his contemporaries.

Lacrimal surgery went through a period of rapid development in the 18th century. This is all the more remarkable because at that time anaesthesia was still unknown. In his ophthalmological textbook "De Oculorum Fabrica et Morbis", written in 1766, the renowned Dutch anatomist and surgeon Petrus Camper (1722-1789) presented a detailed review of the various operative procedures performed by himself and his contemporaries.

History, 18th Century↗
PubMed1990

Eye references in the Homeric Epics.

After a short introduction to the Homeric Epics, the name of Homer and the time and place where the poems were written, the authors refer to the terms of the eyes and to the verses where they are found. Among these terms, the most important is the term omicron phi theta alpha lambda mu omicron sigma, the first term for the eye in ophthalmology, which has remained throughout the years unchanged. Finally, they refer to the injuries of the eyes, the participation of the two sons of Asclepios in the Trojan campaign and to the verses including the classical paragraph '... a doctor is more capable than the other men ...' Both Epics relating to the cardinal human values: prudence, temperance, fortitude and justice, contain the lofty ideal of human excellence, called by the Greeks alpha rho epsilon tau eta.

Eye↗
PubMed1982

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria first described in 1882 by Paul Strübing: an example of cooperation between clinical and basic research.

The 100th anniversary of the first description of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria by Paul Strübing presents an opportunity to analyze the premises valid for the description of this disease in addition to an attempt at an extensive pathophysiological analysis. Strübing's two papers of 1882 were way ahead of his time, when pathophysiology was just at its beginning, particularly considering the fact that neither Marchiafava, who is still commonly credited wit the first description of this disease (1911) and its recognition as a clinical entity (1928), nor his student Micheli analyzed the PNH syndrome in pathophysiological terms as carefully as Strübing. Both of the former names were given to the disease, which is generally referred to as the Marchiafava-Micheli Anemia. William Crosby, who in 1951 in a historical review of PHN first pointed out the pioneering achievement of Strübing, suggested that it was mainly due to the lack of the right "intellectual climate" at the time that so little attention was paid to his work. Still another important aspect of the early history of PNH will be described in the present paper. The analysis of Strübing's publications leads to the conclusion that he was only able to make his important contribution to medical science because he not only had the appropriate clinical setting but also the scientific backup of the famous physiologist Leonhard Landois and his institute at the University of Greifswald, which is an excellent example of scientific progress through cooperation between a clinician and a research scientist.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Cystosarcoma phyllodes of the mammary gland--Müller's tumor. For the 180th birthday of Johannes Müller.

For the last 150 years, cystosarcoma phyllodes of the mammary gland has had 62 different synonyms. At the present time, the most logical name for it seems to be tumor phyllodes. The result of the histological analysis of every single tumor should contain information about the degree of its maturity. The classical description of cystosarcoma phyllodes given by Johannes Müller (1838) is still considered the basis for understanding the clinical and histogenetical aspects of this neoplasm.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1995

The blindness of John Milton.

John Milton (1608-1674) often has been regarded as the greatest poet of his time, yet he did not compose his most famous work, Paradise Lost, until after he had become blind in both eyes. On the basis of clues in Milton's writings, several possible diagnoses have been advanced to explain his loss of vision. The evidence for and against each theory is presented.

Blindness↗