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PubMedDate not supplied

[Diabetogenic factor in the blood plasma in diabetes mellitus].

The blood plasma of rats with stable alloxan diabetes, injected three times in appropriate intravenous doses to intact rats, provoked in the rats-recipients hyperglycemia and hyperuricemia, persisted within 14 days. Under the same conditions the blood plasma of patients with diabetes mellitus induced hyperglycemia in the rats-recipients without hyperuricemia development during the same time period. A preliminary intravenous injection of heparin in a dose of 100 E (5 minutes before injecting the plasma of rats with alloxan diabetes or the plasma of patients with diabetes mellitus) completely prevented hyperglycemia and hyperuricemia development in the recipients. Intravenous injections of the blood plasma of healthy animals and humans did not provoke hyperglycemia and hyperuricemia arising in the rats-recipients. It is concluded, that in the blood plasma of animals with alloxan diabetes and in patients with diabetes mellitus the diabetogenic factor is present, being deactivated under heparin effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Central and renal hemodynamics in hypertension with high, normal and low renin activity in the blood plasma].

Simultaneous study of renin activity in plasma of peripheral blood and values of central and renal hemodynamics in 180 patients with hypertensive disease showed no significant differences in the hemodynamic values in patients with stage I of the disease which differed in the activity of blood plasma renin. No dependence of the volume of circulating blood on the type of reninemia was revealed in stage II, but a significant decrease in the coefficient of circulation effectiveness and in cardiac output and an increase in peripheral vascular resistance were disclosed in patients with low renin activity in blood plasma. Diminished effective renal blood flow and increased renal vascular resistance and filtration fraction were the most marked findings in patients with high renin activity. The changes in renal hemodynamics may be associated with the effect of intrarenal angiotensin II.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[The influence of thermal load on the immunochemical detection of dried blood plasma supplements in meat mixtures].

Addition of blood plasma to meat products is not permitted in the FRG unless these products are heat processed using an internal temperature of 80 degrees C (German regulation of meat and meat products: "Verordnung für Fleisch und Fleischerzeugnisse"). Such heat process may have an unfavourable effect on the detectability of blood plasma. Since blood plasma or dried plasma may originate from different animal species (porcine or bovine) two different anti dried blood plasma-sera (porcine and bovine) are required for immunochemical analysis. The varying quality of these sera has to be considered when interpreting the results. Seven M urea extract turned out to be suitable for detection of dried plasma additives and proved to be highly effective particularly when examining heated samples. Both the gel-diffusion and the electro immuno assay proved useful for the detection of dried blood plasma, provided the examined extracts had been adequately diluted. Immunochemical reactivity was hampered by the heat process which was given to the sample. Accordingly, the concentration of the plasma in a particular sample cannot be determined unless the time/temperature data of the process applied to the sample were given and model samples were tested for comparison.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Half-life of galactose in the blood plasma of lambs and sheep and the effect on various blood components after an i.v. galactose solution infusion].

Three lambs, aged between four and five weeks, and four sheep, aged one year, received infusions of galactose solutions (0.5 g galactose/kg body weight). The average half-life values were 28.7 minutes in the lambs and 59 minutes in the sheep. Average galactose concentrations, five minutes from mid-infusion, were 61 +/- 1.2 mg/100 ml of blood plasma in the lambs and 71 +/- 3.3 mg/100 ml in the sheep. The infusions caused statistically significant rises of glucose in the blood plasma of both lambs and sheep and an additional rise of fructose in the blood plasma of the sheep. In sheep galactose infusion resulted in rise of insulin in the blood plasma, within ten minutes from mid-infusion, the latter rise being statistically significant, from 53 +/- 26 microE/ml to 96 +/- 23.3 microE/ml. The lambs exhibited, as a result of the infusions, statistically significant rises of blood-borne lactate from 6.7 +/- 2.3 mg/100 ml to 16.7 +/- 1.2 mg/100 ml on average, within five minutes from mid-infusion.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Survey of Canadian human blood plasma for ochratoxin A.

Blood plasma samples collected from 144 healthy volunteers in 16 locations across Canada in 1994 were analysed for ochratoxin A (OTA). The method of analysis included cleanup by C18 solid phase extraction and immunoaffinity columns followed by liquid chromatography (LC) with fluorescence detection, which gave 86.5% (s.d. = 9.7) recovery (n = 31) of OTA (added at 2 ng/ml) with a detection limit of 0.15 ng/ml. The arithmetic mean concentration found in the plasma samples, corrected for volume of anticoagulant added, was 0.88 ng/ml with a standard deviation of 0.35 ng/ml and a range of 0.29-2.37 ng/ml. Confirmation of identity of OTA was by methyl ester formation for 65 samples and by LC-tandem mass spectrometry for 17 samples (some of which were included in pooled samples). Statistical analysis, by ANOVA of the log OTA plasma concentrations, showed a highly significant effect due to location in Canada (p = < 0.0001) but no effect due to age, sex or blood group of donors. The highest mean concentration was found in Winnipeg, significantly different (p = 0.05) by the Student-Newman-Keuls multiple range test from the lowest levels found in Toronto, Vancouver and Saint John.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

A sensitive method for determination of conjugated catecholamines in blood plasma.

Conjugated catecholamines in blood plasma of blood donors were determined from the difference between the total and the free catecholamines. Total catecholamines were measured after complete hydrolysis of the conjugated amines (heating of acidified samples for 40 min at 95 degrees C). Free catecholamines were determined in untreated plasma. Determinations were performed radioenzymatically. We combined and modified the procedures of Peuler & Johnson (1977) Life Sci 21, 625-636) and Da Prada & Zürcher (1976) Life Sci 19, 1161-1174). The resulting method was less laborious and cheaper.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

A microfluidic device for continuous, real time blood plasma separation.

A microfluidic device for continuous, real time blood plasma separation is introduced. The principle of the blood plasma separation from blood cells is supported by the Zweifach-Fung effect and was experimentally demonstrated using simple microchannels. The blood plasma separation device is composed of a blood inlet, a bifurcating region which leads to a purified plasma outlet, and a concentrated blood cell outlet. It was designed to separate blood plasma from an initial blood sample of up to 45% inlet hematocrit (volume percentage of cells). The microfluidic network was designed using an analogous electrical circuit, as well as analytical and numerical studies. The functionality of this device was demonstrated using defibrinated sheep blood. During 30 minutes of continuous blood infusion through the device, all the erythrocytes (red blood cells) traveled through the device toward the concentrated blood outlet while only the plasma was separated at the bifurcating regions and flowed towards the plasma outlet. The device has been operated continuously without any clogging or hemolysis of cells. The experimentally determined plasma selectivity with respect to blood hematocrit level was almost 100% regardless of the inlet hematocrit. The total plasma separation volume percent varied from 15% to 25% with increasing inlet hematocrit. Due to the device's simple structure and control mechanism, this microdevice is expected to be used for highly efficient continuous, real time cell-free blood plasma separation from blood samples for use in lab on a chip applications.

Fluorescent Dyes↗
PubMed1980

Blood plasma lipoprotein and tissue cholesterol of calves fed soybean oil, corn oil, vegetable shortening or tallow.

The objective of this study was to determine cholesterol content of blood plasma, blood plasma lipoproteins and tissues of calves fed fats of differing compositions. Groups of 2-week-old calves were fed one of the following fats in a reconstituted milk formula: soybean oil, corn oil, vegetable shortening or tallow. The diets contained no dry feed or added cholesterol. Blood plasma cholesterol concentrations increased with time for all groups. After 15 weeks, cholesterol concentrations were greater in the blood, liver and fat of the groups fed soybean oil and corn oil than in those of the groups fed vegetable shortening and tallow. Low density lipoprotein was identified as the carrier of the increased amounts of cholesterol noted in the blood.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1980

[Studies of iron level, Fe binding capacity, copper and protein in the blood plasma as well as hemoglobin in the blood of sows during the day].

The average iron level in the blood plasma of six gilts, weighting between 120 kg and 130 kg, was 103. 3 micrograms/100 ml, prior to early-morning feeding. The iron fixation capacity, measured at the time, was 673 micrograms/100 ml. Average iron levels went up to 121.3 micrograms/100 ml after 1.5 to two hours and to 130.3 micrograms/100 ml in the course of 3.5 to four hours. An average level of 124.3 micrograms/100 ml had been reached after another 1.5 to two hours. The iron fixation capacities first declined and then went up again. The average iron level recorded from eight adult sows, weighing between 180 kg and 210 kg, was 75 micrograms/100 ml, when measured seven weeks from piglet weaning. The average iron fixation capacity was 488.3 micrograms/100 ml at the same time and for the same animals. The iron level did not change throughout testing. The average copper level was 230.9 micrograms/100 ml, at the beginning, but individual differences in behaviour occurred during the day. No difference was recorded, at the beginning, between gilts and adult sows for blood plasma protein, levels being 7.73 or 7.81 g/100 ml, and for haemoglobin in the blood, levels being 12.8 or 12.5 g/100 ml. Individual variations, however, with no clear-cut direction, occurred over the testing period.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1980

[Changes in the concentration of glucose, fructose, insulin and free fatty acids in the blood plasma as well as of lactate and pyruvate in the blood of cattle after i.v. adrenaline, insulin and noradrenaline infusion].

The glucose, free fatty acid, and insulin levels in the blood plasma of young cattle underwent temporary but considerable rises, following intravenous infusion of adrenalin, doses being 2.5 or 5.0 micrograms/kg body weight. The average weight of these animals was 106.3 kg. The same findings were obtained from adult cattle, weighing 419.3 kg on average. A temporary but unambiguous rise of lactate in the blood was additionally recorded from young cattle. Adult cattle exhibited a temporary rise of fructose in the blood plasma. Regulation causing reflux of the analysed blood components and their return to their original levels or even below those was faster in cattle than it had been in sheep. Administration of insulin to cattle caused, within 45 minutes, decline of glucose in blood plasma from 8 mg/100 ml to 10 mg/100 ml. Intravenous application of adrenalin (5.0 micrograms/kg) increased the glucose level to 45 mg/100 ml or even 57 mg/100 ml, within five minutes. The lipolytic action of adrenalin was low under those conditions. Noradrenalin (5.0 microgram/kg body weight) exhibited merely medium glycogenolytic action but no lipolytic action at all.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Changes in blood plasma volume in rats during ontogenesis].

The dynamics of blood plasma volume were studied for the first time in rats during ontogenesis. The significance of blood plasma volume is estimated in the transport of physiologically active substances to cells and target organs during development. The blood plasma volume was measured in male and female rats during embryogenesis on day 18 (E18), perinatal development on E21 and day of postnatal development (P3), and postnatal development on P15 and P30. Body mass was determined in the same animals and correlation was estimated between the blood plasma volume and body mass. The plasma volume increased 1.9-fold from E18 to E21, 1.4-fold from E21 to P3, 2.1-fold from P3 to P15, and 3.4-fold from P15 to P30. The body mass increased 5-fold from E18 to E21, 2-fold from E21 to P3, 2.3-fold from P3 to P15, and 3.2-fold from P15 to P30. The ratio of blood plasma to body mass was the highest on E18 (19%) and decreased twice by E21. This index varied from 5.4 to 4.8% during postnatal development. No sex-related differences in these indices were found in rats. The results obtained make it possible to determine the total content of physiologically active substances on the basis of their plasma concentration and, thereby, estimate the efficiency of secretory organs.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Quantitative 1H NMR spectroscopy of blood plasma metabolites.

The absolute quantification of blood plasma metabolites by proton NMR spectroscopy is complicated by the presence of a baseline and broad resonances originating from serum macromolecules and lipoproteins. A method for spectral simplification of proton NMR spectra of blood plasma is presented. Serum macromolecules and metabolites are completely separated by utilizing the large difference in translational diffusion coefficients in combination with diffusion-sensitized proton NMR spectroscopy. The concentration of blood plasma metabolites can be quantified by using formate as an internal concentration reference. The results are compared with those obtained with ultrafiltration, a traditional method for separating macromolecules and metabolites, and demonstrate an excellent correlation between the two methods. The general nature of diffusion-sensitized NMR spectroscopy allows application on a wide range of biological fluids.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1976

Observations on blood plasma postalbumins and hatchability of chickens.

In chicken blood plasma two bands have been observed in the region of postalbumins. The genetically determined faster migrating band PasA was present in the blood plasma of all tested males in the plasma of a majority of the females. The slower migrating band (PasB) was only observed in the blood plasma of laying females and never in the blood plasma of males and non-laying females. The genotype of individuals of which the faster migrating band was present was determined as AA and Aa and of those lacking this postalbumin as aa. An excess of females over males was found from mating of male Aa x female Aa and male Aa x female aa. At the same time the percentage of hatched eggs was lowered respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

GBV-C/HGV coinfection in HIV-1-positive men: frequent detection of viral RNA in blood plasma but absence from seminal fluid plasma.

Sequential paired samples of blood and seminal fluid were obtained from a cohort of 54 HIV-1-infected homosexual males. The prevalence of GBV-C/HGV RNA in the cell-free fractions of some of these patients was determined using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). To assess the effects of HIV-1 and HCV infection upon GBV-C/HGV RNA status, blood CD4 cell counts, HCV RNA status, and HIV-1 proviral DNA and viral RNA titres were also determined. GBV-C/HGV RNA was detected in 8/30 (27%) of the blood plasma samples obtained at the start of the study, and was present at a frequency of 14/64 (22%) in all the blood plasma samples tested. By contrast, GBV-C/HGV RNA was not detected in the 26 seminal fluid samples obtained at the start of the study, including 8 samples obtained from patients for which GBV-C/HGV RNA was detected in the corresponding blood sample. Of the samples tested for the presence of both GBV-C/HGV and HCV RNA, there was no evidence of coinfection. Although GBV-C/HGV RNA detection rates were significantly higher in individuals with blood CD4 cell counts greater than 200 cells per microlitre, there were no significant differences in the median blood CD4 cell counts or HIV-1 proviral DNA or viral RNA titres observed between the GBV-C/HGV-positive and -negative individuals. The failure to detect GBV-C/HGV RNA in seminal fluid samples obtained from this cohort would suggest that further studies need to be carried out to determine the roles of sexual transmission and of seminal fluid in GBV-C/HGV infection.

CD4 Lymphocyte Count↗
PubMed1983

Elimination of peak deformation in the liquid chromatographic separation of a strongly protein-bound drug from directly injected blood plasma samples.

Direct injection of blood plasma samples into reversed-phase columns resulted in skewed chromatographic peaks for the drug naproxen. The skew is shown to be due to strong binding of naproxen to albumin present in the blood plasma. Methods to eliminate the peak skew have been investigated. They include changes of the composition of the eluent and of the sample solution in order to decrease the degree of binding of the drug to albumin. The methods studied were dilution, addition of displacers, change of pH and change of methanol concentration. Calculations based on known binding constants indicate that the degree of peak skew was directly influenced by the degree of protein binding of the drug in the sample solution.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The protein components of the acid-soluble fraction of normal human blood plasma and in peritonitis patients].

Samples of acid-soluble blood plasma fractions from 10 healthy donors and 12 patients with peritonitis have been fractionated, using the techniques of vertical electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel and high pressure liquid chromatography. Three basic protein-containing components with the molecular mass 43, 30 and 14 kD have been identified in samples of donor blood plasma. In peritonitis there is an increase in the level of some fractions present in acid-soluble fractions of donor blood plasma and the generation of new protein-containing acid-soluble components. A band corresponding to a component with a molecular mass 64 kD and a wide band in the range of 9-14 kD have been registered. The treatment of donor blood with trypsin generates some components characteristic of acid-soluble blood plasma fraction of patients with peritonitis. The authors believe that increased proteolytic activity is one of the factors responsible for qualitative and quantitative changes in acid-soluble blood plasma fraction in peritonitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Copper/zinc ratios in whole blood, plasma, and erythrocytes in pulmonary tuberculosis.

Concentrations of copper and zinc in plasma, whole blood, and erythrocytes were determined in pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients and controls by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The plasma and whole blood copper/zinc ratios were markedly higher in the TB patients. Eighty-seven percent of the TB patients had plasma copper/zinc ratios above 2.00, and 94% had whole blood copper/zinc ratios above 0.20. None of the controls had plasma copper/zinc ratios above 2.00, while 24% of the controls had whole blood ratios greater than 0.20. Whole blood and plasma copper/zinc ratios appear to be more sensitive indicators of the presence of pulmonary TB than the individual copper and zinc concentrations. Patients with conditions in which copper and zinc metabolism are altered might benefit from the monitoring of copper/zinc ratios.

Adult↗