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At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Is it possible to decrease skin temperature with ice packs under casts and bandages? A cross-sectional, randomized trial on normal and swollen ankles.

INTRODUCTION: There is a general belief that the presence of a cast or a bandage eliminates the lowering effects of skin temperature when local cold therapy applied on the surface of the cast or bandage. The purpose of this study is to determine the magnitude of temperature changes at the skin of the ankle after the application of frozen ice packs to the surface of various casts and bandages both in normal and swollen ankles. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two healthy subjects (Group A) and 12 patients with Grade III inversion type acute ankle sprain (Group B) were randomly divided into four groups. The sensor of the digital thermometer was secured to the ankle over the anterior talo-fibular ligament in every subject before placement of a bandage or cast. Robert Jones bandage, elastic support bandage, a below-knee plaster cast and synthetic below-knee cast were applied in groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Two frozen ice packs were placed around the cast or bandage at the level of sensor, and skin temperatures were recorded. RESULTS: The skin temperature under dressings and casts decreased significantly relative to the baseline temperatures with local cold therapy in all groups. The fall in the temperature with cryotherapy in group A showed a three-phase pattern of change between groups 1 and 2, groups 2 and 3 and groups 2 and 4 during the experiment. The fall in the skin temperature with ice packs differed significantly between groups 1 and 3, and also groups 1 and 4 from the beginning till the end of the experiment. There was no significant difference between groups 3 and 4 in terms of skin temperature fall with cryotherapy during the whole experiment. The results were similar in group B. CONCLUSION: A bandage or cast does not prevent measurable skin temperature lowering by frozen ice packs both in normal and swollen ankles.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of intraarticular anesthesia and elastic bandage on elbow proprioception.

Twenty uninjured male volunteers were studied to characterize normal elbow proprioception and to investigate the effect of applying an elastic bandage to the extremity and injection of an intraarticular anesthetic. A modified Biodex dynamometer was used to study position sense and detection of motion. In part 1 of the study position sense was tested by flexing the elbow to a predetermined angle, returning to the starting position, and then asking the subject to identify that angle. In part 2 detection of motion was tested by asking the subject to disengage the apparatus by pressing a stop button when movement was detected. The testing conditions in part 1 and part 2 were repeated after the elbow was wrapped with an elastic bandage and again after an intraarticular injection of 3 cc 1% lidocaine with the bandage removed. Ten additional subjects underwent testing of both elbows to examine the effect of arm dominance. Mean position sense was within 3.3 degrees+/-1.3 degrees of the actual angle in trials without an elastic bandage or an anesthetic. A significant improvement in position sense was observed (2.2 degrees+/-1.2 degrees) after an elastic bandage was applied (P < .004). No significant difference was seen in position sense after lidocaine was injected. The mean threshold for detection of motion in trials without an elastic bandage or an anesthetic was 4.21 degrees+/-1.56 degrees. No significant differences were seen in detection of motion observed with the elastic bandage or intraarticular anesthetic. No significant differences were seen between dominant and nondominant extremities for both position sense and detection of motion. The application of an elastic bandage improved position sense, suggesting that tactile cues from cutaneous or other extraarticular receptors may play a role in elbow proprioception. Intraarticular anesthesia, however, had little effect, suggesting that intracapsular receptors play a lesser role in elbow proprioception. The determination of proprioceptive qualities for the normal elbow can aid in the understanding of elbow function and provide a basis for defining its role in elbow dysfunction.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[The influence of knee bandages on sport specific capabilities in healthy volunteers and patients with rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament].

In 15 male healthy volunteers and 10 male patients with ACL-deficiency sports specific capabilities were evaluated with a 9-3-6-3-9-run and a single-leg jumping test. Each subject was tested with and without different knee bandages. We evaluated the Patelladyn-, the Kasseler-, the Super-Genuplus-, and the Genuhit-bandage. Additionally a subjective assessment of each bandage was performed by the volunteers. There were no significant difference performing the 9-3-6-3-9-run between all of the bandages in the control-group. Comparing the injured group with the control there were significant differences. All bandages led to improvement without reaching the running time, which was used by the controls. Performing the single leg jumping test there were also no differences with the different bandages in the healthy control group. However, after applying a bandage in the injured subjects, the time improved significantly. In the subjective assessment the Patelladyn-bandage scored best.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Controlled trial of a semi-rigid bandage ('Scotchrap') in patients with ankle ligament lesions.

A randomized, controlled, parallel-group study was performed to compare the clinical efficacy of a semi-rigid bandage ('Scotchrap') with the standard adhesive tape treatment for ankle ligament injuries. The semi-rigid bandage support wrap consists of a knitted fibreglass fabric impregnated with a polyurethane resin. The cotton stockinet and the synthetic cast padding are used for protection of pressure points and any bony prominences. Prior to application, the 'Scotchrap' must be soaked in water after which it is applied in a way similar to that used for a plaster of paris bandage. The finished bandage remains elastic, allowing normal dorsal and plantar flexion of the foot, but preventing inversion and eversion, and pronation and supination. At rest, the bandage always redresses the immobilized ankle into the neutral position. One hundred and thirty-six patients were included in the study. The semi-rigid bandage group comprised 59 patients and the tape group had 57 patients. These two groups were statistically comparable. The intake questionnaire included a general and a specific anamnesis form as well as a physical examination form. Follow-up data were recorded every 2 weeks. After termination of the treatment, the patients evaluated treatment efficacy. Statistical analysis of 126 items per patient with chi 2-tests (p < or = 0.05) and Fisher's exact tests (p < or = 0.05) revealed no statistical significant differences in treatment result. The patient assessments of treatment efficacy of both types of bandage were also comparable. Both types of bandage gave sufficient stability (98%; p < 0.005) and were equally effective.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adhesives↗
PubMed2000

Measuring sub-bandage pressure.

Compression therapy is the principal treatment for leg ulcers associated with venous disease. The extent of compression generally can be estimated from the general Laplace equation relating pressure, bandage tension and leg radius. This study aimed to investigate the physical forces under long-stretch bandages applied under constant tensions to cylinders of three defined radii ('model limbs'). Force expressed as pressure was measured under one, two and three layers of eight long-stretch bandages and a plastic film (control) using temperature-compensated, strain-gauge pressure transducers. The bandages were applied at the manufactures' recommended extensions/tensions and at constant tensions (2-10 N) to three rigid plastic tubes of increasing size, covered with a layer of soft foam. Foams of different hardnesses ranging from 20 to 230 N were assessed. The median applied pressure and observed bandage characteristics changed with bandage type. The median applied pressure also changed with tension, number of layers, tube radius and foam hardness. The inter-layer shear component also tended to increase with the number of layers. An increase in sub-bandage pressure was observed relative to the radius, tension, foam hardness and number of layers but the relationship was not directly proportional. The shear force tended to be associated with increased bandage layers.

Bandages↗
PubMed2000

Studies of a new multi-layer compression bandage for the treatment of venous ulceration.

This study aimed to develop an alternative graduated compression bandage for the treatment of venous leg ulcers. Alternative bandage components were identified and assessed for optimal performance as a graduated multi-layer compression bandage. Subsequently the physical characteristics and clinical efficacy of the optimal bandage combination was prospectively examined. Ten healthy limbs were used to develop the optimal combination and 20 limbs with venous ulceration to compare the physical properties of the two bandage types. Subsequently 42 consecutive ulcerated limbs were prospectively treated to examine the efficacy of the new bandage combination. The new combination produced graduated median (range) sub-bandage pressures (mmHg) as follows: ankle 59 (42-100), calf 36 (27-67) and knee 35 (16-67). Over a seven-day period this combination maintained a comparable level of compression with the Charing Cross system, and achieved an overall healing rate at one year of 88%. The described combination should be brought to the attention of healthcare professionals treating venous ulcers as a possible alternative to other forms of multi-layer graduated compression bandages pending prospective, randomised clinical trials.

Bandages↗
PubMed2000

The physics of sub-bandage pressure measurement.

Compression therapy is the principal treatment for leg ulcers associated with venous disease. The extent of compression generally can be estimated from the general Laplace equation relating pressure, bandage tension and leg radius. This study aimed to investigate the physical forces under long stretch bandages applied under constant tensions to cylinders of three defined radii ('model limbs'). Force expressed as pressure was measured under one, two and three layers of eight long stretch bandages and a plastic film (control) using temperature-compensated, strain-gauge pressure transducers. The bandages were applied at the manufactures' recommended extensions/tensions and at constant tensions (2-10N) to three rigid plastic tubes of increasing size, covered with a layer of soft foam. Foams of different hardnesses ranging from 20 to 230N were assessed. The median applied pressure and observed bandage characteristics changed with bandage type. The median applied pressure also changed with tension, number of layers, tube radius and foam hardness. The inter-layer shear component also tended to increase with the number of layers. An increase in sub-bandage pressure was observed relative to the radius, tension, foam hardness and number of layers but the relationship was not directly proportional. The shear force tended to be associated with increased bandage layers.

Bandages↗
PubMed2002

Epsilon-amino caproic acid additive decreases fibrin bandage performance in a swine arterial bleeding model.

epsilon -Amino caproic acid (EACA), a lysine analog that inhibits the activity of plasmin, was added to Nycomed (TC-S) fibrin bandages, and the bandages were tested for hemostatic efficacy in a swine femoral artery bleeding model. The blood loss using the bandage with EACA (TC-S+EACA; 728.8+/-132 g, n=5) was much greater as compared to the TC-S bandage alone (TC-S; 237.8+/-47.9 g, n=6, p=.02). The time to "cessation of bleeding" (T(b)) was also increased for animals treated with TC-S+EACA bandages compared to the TC-S controls (33.6+/-10.8 min vs. 9.2+/-2.2 min; p=.05). Although plasma fibrinogen concentration decreased in animals treated with the TC-S+EACA bandage, activated partial thromboplastin times (aPTT) and thrombin times (TT) were decreased. Animals treated with the TC-S control bandage exhibited no changes in fibrinogen, aPTT or TT. Prothrombin times (PT) were unchanged in either group. In conclusion, addition of EACA to the Nycomed product decreased fibrin bandage efficiency.

Aminocaproic Acid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ischemic bandage injuries: a case series and review of the literature.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prognosis and distribution of ischemic injuries caused by inappropriate bandaging of the lower limb in dogs and cats. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective clinical study. ANIMAL POPULATION: Eleven client-owned animals, including 9 dogs and 2 cats with a history of injuries consistent with incorrect application of a bandage. METHODS: Medical records for dogs and cats referred to the Queen's Veterinary School Hospital with limb wounds between 1995 and 1999 were reviewed for clinical history and referring veterinary surgeons' reports, indicating that the injury was directly related to the application of a bandage to the limb. RESULTS: The indications for bandage application included 2 postoperative cruciate ligament ruptures, 2 lacerations, 3 internal fixations, an onychectomy, a shoulder dislocation, a dog bite, and a tendon strain. None of the patients had other body systems involved or underlying or concurrent diseases. Five different types of bandage were described (support, Robert Jones, pressure, splint, and Velpeau), and no particular age or breed was overrepresented. Of the 11 animals, 5 required full-thickness skin grafts, 3 had to have digits amputated, and 2 required limb amputations. Nine animals survived, but only 4 became fully functional on the affected limb. CONCLUSIONS: Bandage-related injuries are potentially serious sequelae to a routine procedure. A guarded prognosis should be given when there is loss of deeper structures. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A review of bandaging principles is presented. Method of application, choice of materials, and close monitoring of the bandage are important factors in preventing iatrogenic injury.

Amputation, Surgical↗
PubMed2004

Economic analysis of VenUS I, a randomized trial of two bandages for treating venous leg ulcers.

BACKGROUND: The study investigated the cost-effectiveness of four-layer and short-stretch compression bandages for treating venous leg ulcers. METHODS: Cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analyses were performed using patient-level data collected alongside the VenUS I leg ulcer study. The perspective for the economic analysis was that of the UK National Health Service (NHS) and Personal Social Service. The time horizon for the analysis was 1 year after recruitment. Health benefit was measured as differences in ulcer-free days and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). RESULTS: The mean healing time for ulcers treated with four-layer bandages was 10.9 (95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) -6.8 to 29.1) days less than that for ulcers treated with short-stretch bandages. Mean average difference in QALYs between compression systems was -0.02 (95 per cent c.i. -0.08 to 0.04). The four-layer bandage cost a mean of pound 227.32 (95 per cent c.i. pound 16.53 to pound 448 .30) less per patient per year than the short-stretch bandage. CONCLUSION: On average, four-layer bandaging was associated with greater health benefits and lower costs than short-stretch bandaging.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Measurement of the skin microcirculation through intact bandages using laser Doppler flowmetry.

The microcirculation under compression bandages has been assessed by numerous methods; however, the measurement techniques can disrupt the bandage-skin interface, affecting the measurement. In this study, a non-invasive method for measuring cutaneous blood flow using laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) is presented. Ten volunteers had their microcirculation assessed by a laser Doppler probe being placed on their upper forearm with and without a light-transmissive gel and with a compression bandage plus light-transmissive gel. A circulatory challenge to the bandaged forearm in two of the volunteers was also undertaken. The median (95% confidence interval) perfusion (p.u.) for the skin surface was 24 (15-33) perfusion units (p.u.), and the skin plus light-transmissive gel demonstrated a higher perfusion: 66 (50-82) p.u., (p < 0.012). The addition of the compression bandage, with additional gel allowed to permeate through to the underlying skin, decreased the perfusion to 27 (20-34) p.u. (p < 0.007). In both volunteers, the microcirculatory flow responded to the vascular challenge, resulting in flow changes related to the cuff pressure (45-27 and 14-8 p.u.). This method demonstrated that it may be possible to assess the microcirculation through intact bandages, without the need to place any sensors at the skin-bandage interface.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Lower limb and abdominal compression bandages prevent progressive orthostatic hypotension in elderly persons: a randomized single-blind controlled study.

OBJECTIVES: This study sought to assess the efficacy of compression bandage of legs and abdomen in preventing hypotension and symptoms. BACKGROUND: Progressive orthostatic hypotension can occur in elderly people during standing. METHODS: Twenty-one patients (70 +/- 11 years) affected by symptomatic progressive orthostatic hypotension underwent 2 tilt-test procedures, with and without elastic bandage of the legs (compression pressure 40 to 60 mm Hg) and of the abdomen (compression pressure 20 to 30 mm Hg) in a randomized crossover fashion. Leg bandage was administered for 10 min and was followed by an additional abdominal bandage for a further 10 min. Symptoms were evaluated by a 7-item Specific Symptom Score (SSS) questionnaire before and after 1 month of therapy with elastic compression stockings of the legs (prescribed in all patients irrespective of the results of the tilt study). RESULTS: In the control arm, systolic blood pressure decreased from 125 +/- 18 mm Hg immediately after tilting to 112 +/- 25 mm Hg after 10 min of sham leg bandage and to 106 +/- 25 mm Hg after 20 min despite the addition of sham abdominal bandage. The corresponding values with active therapy were 129 +/- 19 mm Hg, 127 +/- 17 mm Hg (p = 0.003 vs. control), and 127 +/- 21 mm Hg (p = 0.002 vs. control). In the active arm, 90% of patients remained asymptomatic, versus 53% in the control arm (p = 0.02). During the month before evaluation, the mean SSS score was 35.2 +/- 12.1 with dizziness, weakness, and palpitations accounting for 64% of the total score. The SSS score decreased to 22.5 +/- 11.3 after 1 month of therapy (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Lower limb compression bandage is effective in avoiding orthostatic systolic blood pressure decrease and in reducing symptoms in elderly patients affected by progressive orthostatic hypotension.

Abdomen↗
PubMed2002

Randomized clinical trial comparing the efficacy of two bandaging regimens in the treatment of venous leg ulcers.

BACKGROUND: Many venous ulcers are healed by the application of external compression. It has been suggested that bandages capable of producing greater compression enhance healing. The aim of this study was to compare the time to total healing of venous ulcers in two groups of patients treated with different compression regimens in a randomized prospective trial. METHODS: A total of 112 patients was studied and all were treated with a zinc-impregnated paste bandage applied directly to the ulcer. Fifty-seven patients had the paste covered by Tensopress and 55 by Elastocrepe bandages. Both groups had a tubular bandage applied over the top to retain the bandage in place. All ulcers were stratified and randomized within one of three size groups. The 'venous' aetiology of the ulcer was confirmed on completion by calf pump function tests. RESULTS: By 26 weeks, 58 per cent of the patients treated with Tensopress and 62 per cent of those treated with Elastocrepe bandages were healed. The median healing times were 9 and 9.5 weeks respectively. Similar numbers of patients were excluded or withdrawn from both groups. Large ulcers healed significantly more slowly than small ulcers. CONCLUSION: There was no significant improvement in venous ulcer healing using higher compression elastic bandages.

Bandages↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effectiveness of epicondylitis bandages from the biomechanical viewpoint--an experimental study].

QUESTIONS: During extension of the elbow joint (test measurement) and extension of the wrist (control measurement), maximal bandage pressure is desired on the extensor group of the forearm, especially of the M. extensor carpl radialis brevis (ECRB). Do the various commercial epicondylitis bandages produce a mechanical effect on the extensor group of the forearm and how do the maximal pressures of these bandages behave in direct comparison? Are the pressures produced clinically relevant? METHODS: Eleven different epicondylitis bandage constructions were examined for their biomechanical effects. The exerted pressure was measured continously during the above-mentioned movements. A fist-closing strength of ca. 30 N was maintained for the necessary pre-stressing of the forearm muscles. RESULTS: Strap-type bandages were the only bandages to produce adequately high pressures. Bands applied at pressures which approach those of the straps led to obstruction in bloodflow. Stocking designs showed no effect in respect to our study. CONCLUSION: Bandages which apply pressure to relieve the tendon insertion of the extensor muscles must, from a technical standpoint, be of a strap construction in order to build up adequate pressures to be effective.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Evaluation of mechanical and neurophysiological effects of wearing bandages for the knee joint in functional testing situations].

The purpose of the study was to estimate the stabilising effects of two functional bandages for the knee joint. Two mechanisms typically leading to knee injuries were simulated. Three-dimensional recordings of knee joint angles and recordings of the tibial displacement in anterior-posterior direction were used to determine the destabilisation of the knee joint as a result of the applied mechanical stimuli, as well as the stabilising support of wearing the bandages. Reflex activations of the knee joint muscles and their modulation by the bandages were measured by EMG. To estimate limitations of the sports performance by the bandages, the subjects performed an additional test for postural stability. The testing performance, the three-dimensional knee joint angles and muscle activities were measured. While the FUTURO(R)-knee joint bandage (BDF AG) caused both mechanical and neurophysiological effects, the action of the KASSELER bandage (Sporlastic(R) GmbH) relied solely on the enhancement of muscular activities. The applied methods proved to be a very useful tool for the evaluation of stabilising effects of bandages in functional situations.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Bioevaluation of radioactive bandages in a murine model of melanoma.

PURPOSE: To study the effectiveness of a radioactive bandage incorporating a beta(-) emitter for the treatment of superficial tumours like melanoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: (188)Re tin particles were immobilized on a bandage patch ((188)Re bandage). The effectiveness of the (188)Re bandage for controlling tumour growth was tested in C57BL/6 mice bearing BL6/FIO melanoma. The effect of the single dose delivered, two-dose treatment and time of contact of bandages on the skin was studied by following tumour size. RESULTS: Tumour growth was delayed significantly in treated animals compared with controls. Complete tumour regression was observed with some doses of radiation. Histology studies and dose-rate calculations were also carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of (188)Re bandages. CONCLUSIONS: Radioactive bandages could be a promising modality for the treatment of skin cancers.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Lower limb compression bandaging is effective in preventing signs and symptoms of seating-induced postural hypotension.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Data concerning postural hypotension (PH) induced by transition from supine to sitting position are scarce and measures for its prevention have not been investigated. Our objective was to assess the preventive role of lower limb compression bandaging on PH and associated manifestations in older inpatients when seated from lying position. METHODS: In a randomized crossover study, 61 patients aged >65 years were enrolled. Following bed rest lasting >36 h, each patient was seated and studied for 2 consecutive days, unbandaged or bandaged. PH was defined as a fall of >/=20 mm Hg and/or >/=10 mm Hg in systolic/diastolic blood pressure, respectively. Compression bandages were applied along both legs before seating; the pressure was approximately 30 mm Hg. Blood pressure, heart rate, O(2) saturation, dizziness and palpitations were recorded prior to and 1, 3, and 5 min following seating. RESULTS: Prevalence of PH was identical in the unbandaged versus bandaged state (55.7%). However, dizziness, palpitations, accelerated heart rate and decreased O(2) saturation over 5 min were more prevalent in the unbandaged versus bandaged state (p < 0.01, <0.001, <0.05, <0.001, respectively). In the unbandaged state, presence versus absence of PH was associated with significantly greater incidence of palpitations, tachycardia and decline of O(2) saturation over time (p < 0.04, <0.03, <0.03, respectively). In the bandaged state, O(2) saturation over 5 min tended to rise irrespective of PH, but mean values were higher in patients without PH (p < 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Lower limb compression bandaging does not reduce the incidence of PH. However, associated manifestations are largely prevented.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bandages: indications for use and Drug Tariff status.

Community nurses need to have an up-to-date knowledge of which bandages are available on NHS prescription (i.e. on Drug Tariff) so that they can select the most appropriate bandage for their patient from those currently available. It seems that, for many years, both doctors and nurses have selected bandages for their patients without any clear knowledge of how the materials in the bandage will perform or what effect they will have (McCollum, 1992). Ideally, the nurse would first carry out an accurate assessment of the wound and then use this information to select an appropriate bandage, based on a full knowledge of its components, indications for use, and correct application technique. A bandage that is applied incorrectly can cause serious tissue damage. This article presents an up-to-date guide to the bandages currently available on Drug Tariff. However, since the Drug Tariff status of wound care products is constantly changing, community nurses need to keep up to date with the changes if they are to provide optimum care for their patients.

Bandages↗