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PubMed1998

Twenty-seven base pair deletion in erythrocyte band 3 protein gene responsible for Southeast Asian ovalocytosis is not common among Southeast Asians.

Screening for a 27-bp deletion in the band 3 protein gene that causes Southeast Asian/Melanesian ovalocytosis (SAO) was carried out using the PCR method among 15 Southeast Asian populations of Thailand (Akha, Hmong, Isaan, Red Karen, White Karen, Black Lahu, Lisu, Manni, Shan, and central Thais) and Indonesia (Bugis, Dayak, Javanese, Madurian, and Toraja). Individuals with the 27-bp deletion were identified only in the Bugis of southern Sulawesi, the Dayak of southern Borneo, and Javanese of central Java. The gene frequency of the 27-bp deletion in the general population was rather low: 0.012 and 0.013 in the Dayak and the Bugis, respectively. This restricted ethnic and geographic distribution of the 27-bp deletion suggests (1) local differentiation in the prevalence of this deletion in a given ethnic group and (2) the presence of molecular heterogeneity of SAO.

Anion Exchange Protein 1, Erythrocyte↗

PubMed2002

[A historical study of coffee in Japanese and Asian countries: focusing the medicinal uses in Asian traditional medicines].

The medicinal properties of coffee, making it a diuretic and stimulant, because of the effects of caffeine, have been known since ancient times, and coffee is today a popular beverage worldwide. In Japan it was introduced at the end of the eighteenth century through overseas trading with the Netherlands. During this period, various Western cultures flowed into Japan, and coffee was one of the subjects introduced through the translations of Dutch medical books. The pharmacological effects of coffee have been presented by Yamamoto in "Kōmō Honzou, (--, 1783)"; by K. Takahashi, G. Ohtsuki, and Y. Udagawa et al. in "Kōsei Shimpen (--, 1811)"; and by Kai Hirokawa in "Nagasaki Bunkenroku (--, 1795)." In the Chinese and Arabic traditional systems of medicine, the uses of coffee were based on its diuretic and central nervous system stimulant properties, attributed in general to caffeine. This study dealt with the uses of coffee in the traditional medicines of Asian countries and with some biological activities related to aging, infectious diseases, and cardioprotective effects. In various biological tests, the water extract of coffee showed no notable effect on myocardial cell beating; however, it did show superoxide anion-scavenging effects, inhibitory activity of lipid peroxidation, and suppression of hepatitis B virus surface antigen. These biological activities are closely related to the presence of caffeic acid derivatives, especially chlorogenic acid. The findings suggest that besides its stimulant effect, coffee has properties to prevent the deleterious actions of free radicals and viral infections.

Asia↗

PubMed1990

Commercialization of biotechnology in the Asian region. Report of meeting of Asian Productivity Organization (APO) in Osaka, Japan.

Detailed studies on the commercial development of biotechnology in five countries in the Asian Region (viz. Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, India) indicate a very significant role played by government in strategic planning and R & D financing. Strong growth is projected in some traditional biotechnology products e.g. amino acids such as monosodium glutamate and L-lysine, animal and human vaccines, and in environmental applications of biotechnology. The cash flow from these products will underpin future development and marketing of diagnostics, anticancer and antiviral drugs, particularly in Japan and Korea.

Biotechnology↗

PubMed2005

A pilot study of the impact of the Asian Tsunami on a group of Asian media workers.

The Asian Tsunami that struck on December 26, 2004, claimed tens of thousands of lives. To bring up-to-date news to the public, many media workers raced to the frontline. Singapore journalists were among the first to arrive at the devastated scenes of the affected countries. Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD) was offered to these media personnel about a week after they returned from assignment. Twelve of the media workers participated in the CISD and also completed the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), The Impact of Events Scale (IES), and a feedback questionnaire on what was helpful to them during the debriefing. Twenty-five percent of the respondents displayed psychiatric symptoms (GHQ-28 score > or = 5) with highest scorings being in the somatic domain. One third had IES > 30 with higher scores on the avoidance scale. Seventy-five percent of the participants indicated moderate (8.6-19) to high (> 19.0) total scores on the IES. All the participants reported that CISD was valuable. This pilot study provides support for the need to address the emotional aftermath of impacted media workers in the wake of disasters.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Current food and nutrition situation in south Asian and south-east Asian countries.

Food production in the countries of South and South-East Asia has shown a general upward trend during the last decade. Despite the considerable increase in population in many of these countries, food production per capita in 1988-90 was significantly higher as compared to 1979-81 figures, the increase being specially marked in such countries as Vietnam, Cambodia, Indonesia, and Malaysia. Available daily calorie supply was adequate to meet the requirement. The overall pattern of food production however has shown little change, with cereal production continuing to account for a predominant part of food production. There is no evidence of a significant uptrend with respect to production of pulses, milk, horticultural products, poultry or meat production in most countries. A unique and unfortunate feature of the nutrition situation in South-Asian countries is that the incidence of low birth weight deliveries is as high as 34% (1990), ranging from 25% in Sri Lanka to 50% in Bangladesh (as against less than 7% in the countries of Europe and North America). Even in countries of Africa where the overall food and nutrition situation is worse than in South Asia, the incidence is well below 20%. This is a reflection of the poor state of maternal nutrition in pregnancy. Florid nutritional deficiency diseases have shown a steep decline over the last two decades, but goitre and iron deficiency anaemia continue to be major public health problems, though some headway has been made with regard to the control of the former. Severe forms of growth retardation in children have declined but the majority suffer from mild and moderate forms of growth retardation. Countries of the Region are in varying stages of developmental transition. Among the burgeoning middle classes in some of these countries there are evidences of escalation of degenerative diseases such as diabetes and coronary heart disease. With increasing life expectancy, geriatric nutritional problems will demand increasing attention.

Asia↗

PubMed1981