Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Antelopes”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Toxoplasmosis in nilgais (Boselaphus tragocamelus) and a saiga antelope (Saiga tatarica).

Three captive female nilgais (Boselaphus tragocamelus) either showed late-term abortion or their newborn calves died within 2 days of birth. Toxoplasma gondii DNA was demonstrated in the brain and liver of each fetus and in one of the two neonates by single-stage polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with TGR1E and by seminested PCR with B1 gene. Retrospectively, antibodies titers > or =640 to T. gondii by indirect fluorescence were found in the sera of all three female and one male nilgais. No other cause of abortion was detected. Fatal toxoplasmosis was also diagnosed in one captive, adult female saiga antelope (Saiga tatarica), which died suddenly. Toxoplasma gondii was detected in the liver, lung, spleen, kidney, and intestine. An unusual finding was the presence of numerous tissue cysts in the liver of this animal. Toxoplasmosis was confirmed by PCR with TGR1E and immunohistochemically. Toxoplasmic hepatitis and pneumonia were considered to be the primary causes of death.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed2000

Bilateral aural hyalohyphomycosis in sable antelope (Hippotragus niger).

Three juvenile sable antelope (Hippotragus niger) were diagnosed with bilateral aural hyalohyphomycosis based on histopathology. All three animals were suspected to be immunodeficient based on low IgG levels determined using the zinc sulfate turbidity test. The serum and hepatic copper levels of one animal were below the bovine reference range. Clinical signs in the three animals included bilateral ventral deviation of the pinnae with multifocal subcutaneous aural tumefaction and poor body condition. Numerous septate, nonpigmented fungal hyphae were found within the auricular cartilage, dermis, and subcutaneous granulomas. No significant fungal agents were isolated by culture, and no signs of systemic fungal dissemination were identified except for a concurrent fungal rhinitis in one animal.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Occurrence of Listeria spp. in captive antelope herds and their environment.

Two juvenile scimitar-horned oryx (Oryx dammah) at the Wild Animal Park Planckendael died from acute septicemia caused by Listeria monocytogenes serovar 4b. Subsequently, Listeria spp. were isolated from the feces, food, and environment of seven antelope species and examined using a two-stage enrichment procedure in Fraser Broth, followed by isolation on PALCAM agar. A total of 40/170 samples (23.5%) was positive for Listeria spp. No organisms were cultured in 83/170 samples (48.8%), and 47 samples (27.6%) were overgrown with Bacillus spp. Nonpathogenic Listeria spp. were isolated from 16/70 fecal samples, 22/40 soil samples, and 2/60 feed samples. Listeria monocytogenes serovar 1/2b was isolated from two soil samples collected in the enclosure of the scimitar-horned oryx.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Population pharmacokinetics of antituberculous drugs and treatment of Mycobacterium bovis infection in bongo antelope (Tragelaphus eurycerus isaaci).

After clinical illness, treatment, and death of a captive male bongo antelope (Tragelaphus eurycerus isaaci) caused by tuberculosis involving Mycobacterium bovis, four tuberculin test reactive captive bongos were treated for 6 mo with isoniazid (INH) and rifampin (RIF) and intermittent single doses of other medications before being euthanized. In all cases, postmortem examination indicated no evidence of active disease and cultures of multiple organs were negative. We present detailed pharmacokinetic (PK) data for amikacin (AMK), ethambutol (EMB), INH, pyrazinamide (PZA), RIF, and levofloxacin in four female bongos. Adequate absorption and serum levels were obtained after parenteral administration of AMK, EMB, and INH and after oral administration of INH and PZA. Parenterally administered drugs were well described by a one-compartment PK model with first-order absorption and elimination processes. Treatment with INH and RIF over a 6-mo period did not result in demonstrable adverse effects. Starting doses of 10-15 mg/kg, i.m., or 30 mg/kg, p.o., of INH, 50 mg/kg, p.o., of EMB, and 25 mg/kg, i.m., s.i.d., of AMK are recommended. The treatment is continued with at least two drugs to which the organism is susceptible for a total treatment length of 6-12 mo. Treatment may be an option to eradicate M. bovis from suspect animals, with carefully administered and monitored drug treatment.

Amikacin↗
PubMed1987

Listeriosis in an immature black buck antelope (Antilope cervicapra).

A 10-week-old, black buck antelope calf, from the Mesker Park Zoo in Evansville, Indiana was found dead without observed signs of illness. Necropsy disclosed disseminated ecchymoses on the pericardium, diaphragm, intestines, and renal capsules and more extensive hemorrhage in the muscles of the hindquarters. There were numerous, 1 mm, pale foci on the capsular and cut surfaces of the liver and spleen which, on microscopic examination, were necrotic foci containing variable numbers of neutrophils and mononuclear leukocytes with numerous, short, Gram-positive, cocco-bacilli at the periphery. Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from the liver. Septicemia is the most common form of listeriosis in non-domestic ruminants. Listeriosis should be suspected when unexpected deaths are accompanied by multifocal necrotizing hepatitis and splenitis, myocarditis, and disseminated hemorrhage.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Ectoparasites of the blackbuck antelope (Antilope cervicapra).

Fifty-two free-ranging blackbuck antelope (Antilope cervicapra) from Texas were examined for ectoparasites. Two species of sucking lice (Anoplura), one species of chewing louse (Mallophaga), one species of louse fly (Diptera), and three species of ticks (Acari) were found. This is the first report of the anoplurans Linognathus cervicaprae and L. pithodes from the Western Hemisphere. The southern deer ked (Lipoptena mazamae), the winter tick (Dermacentor albipictus), and the rabbit tick (Haemaphysalis leporispalustris) are reported from blackbuck for the first time. The lone star tick (Amblyomma americanum) and the mallophagan (Damalinia cornuta cornuta) were reported previously from blackbuck in Texas, the latter species under the name Tricholipeurus balanicus balanicus.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Toxicologic evaluation of a high-selenium hay diet in captive pronghorn antelope (Antilocapra americana).

Five captive-raised pronghorn antelope (Antilocapra americana) were fed an alfalfa-grass hay diet containing 15 ppm total dietary selenium (Se) for 164 days. Four additional captive-raised pronghorns fed a similar diet containing approximately 0.3 ppm total dietary Se served as controls. None of the pronghorns had clinical signs attributable to the high Se hay. Plasma Se increased more rapidly than blood Se concentrations, from baseline concentrations (< 0.15 g/ml) to > 0.40 g/ml within the first 50 days on the high selenium diet, but thereafter declined to approximately 0.30 microgram/ml. Mean primary antibody response to hen egg albumin was less in pronghorn on Se hay. No significant gross or histological lesions attributable to selenosis were found, nor was there any evidence of dystrophic hoof growth. The greatest Se tissue concentrations were found in liver and kidney (5.67 to 10.4 micrograms/g and 2.36 to 3.14 micrograms/g, respectively) from experimental animals; liver and kidney from the controls contained considerably less (< or = 0.52 microgram/g and < or = 0.61 microgram/g, respectively). Exposure of pronghorns for more than 5 mo to a diet containing 15 ppm Se caused significant increases in plasma, liver and kidney Se concentrations, in the absence of clinical disease or pathologic lesions due to selenosis. Based on these results, we propose that pronghorns are less susceptible to selenosis than previously reported and that diagnostic criteria for the disease should be modified.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Helminths of saiga antelope in Kazakhstan: implications for conservation and livestock production.

Saiga antelope (Saiga tatarica) graze extensively on livestock pasture, potentially enabling transmission of a wide range of parasitic helminths between saigas and domestic ruminants. Thirty-six of the 38 species of helminth that have been found in saigas in Kazakhstan in the past have been found also in domestic livestock. We examined 133 saigas culled for meat in autumn 1997, and found three species of cestode and 12 nematodes (nine in the abomasum), but no trematodes or lungworms. The most abundant species were Marshallagia marshalli, Marshallagia mongolica, and Nematodirus gazellae in the abomasum, Nematodirus gazellae in the small intestine, and Skrjabinema ovis in the large intestine. There was no clear relationship between intensities of abomasal nematodes and body condition. Age-intensity patterns differed between species: N. gazellae intensities were highest in saigas around 2-3 yr old, and declined in older animals, whereas the intensity of Marshallagia spp. rose asymptotically with age. Fecal egg density was directly proportional to adult worm intensity across ages for Marshallagia spp., but only in young animals for N. gazellae. There was no evidence that helminths, at the intensities observed, adversely affect saiga populations. The host range of many of the parasites found is broad, and transmission between saigas and livestock in both directions might become important to agriculture and conservation as livestock numbers recover. Simplified sampling techniques used in this study, and statistical analysis based on bootstrapping, could prove useful in other parasitologic surveys of wildlife in remote areas.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1992

[An unusual example of primary weight bearing stability of a limb fracture of the oryx antelope after external fixation with the original Ilisarov fixator].

This paper reports the stabilization of an open comminuted fracture of the metatarsus of a rare white Arabian oryx using an original Ilisarov-fixator. The antelope (weighing 75 kg!) walked with its full weight on the stabilized leg immediately after operative treatment, thus demonstrating the high degree of stability of such a system. In our opinion, the Ilisarow technique is, in selected cases, an adequate method for stabilizing highly unstable open fractures in veterinary practice.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of small antelopes: steenbok, Raphicerus campestris and suni, Neotragus moschatus.

During surveys on the tick burdens of various wildlife species in South Africa, nine small antelopes became available for study. Six of these were steenbok, Raphicerus campestris and three sunis, Neotragus moschatus, and their tick burdens are recorded here. The steenbok were examined in three nature reserves and harboured nine tick species. The sunis were examined in a fourth reserve and were infested with eight species. The steenbok and sunis were generally infested with the immature stages of the same tick species that infest larger animals in the same geographic regions. In addition the sunis harboured Haemaphysalis parmata, which in South Africa is present only in the eastern and north-eastern coastal and adjacent areas of KwaZulu-Natal Province. They were also infested with Rhipicephalus kochi, which in South Africa occurs only in the far north-east of the KwaZulu-Natal and Limpopo Provinces.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Morphology of intestinal villi in African antelope (Artiodactyla: Bovidae).

Villous morphology in 16 species of African antelope varied from finger-like and leaf-like to ridge-like forms. Some species showed uniform villi whereas it was variable in others. There was a slight indication that leaf-like and finger-like forms become more frequent in the distal regions of the small intestine. The variation in morphology was not associated with body size or phylogeny, but did show a significant correlation with diet: species with high moisture content and/or high fibre levels (equivalent to low bulk values) in the digesta were more likely to have ridges, which were the lowest of the villi.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Antelopes (Bovidae) kept in European zoological gardens as intermediate hosts of Sarcocystis species.

Four different forms of sarcocysts from the zoo-kept antelopes Addax nasomaculatus. Antilope cervicapra, Taurotragus oryx and Boselaphus tragocamelus (Bovidae) were investigated by light and transmission electron microscopy, in special consideration of the cyst wall. The sarcocysts found in Addax (born in a zoo) were not distinguishable from Sarcocystis medusiformis of Australasian sheep by their morphology and would be the first indication for the occurrence of this species in Europe. Sarcocysts from Antilope (born in a zoo) resembled the tenella/capracanis type of sheep/goats and were, therefore, designated as Sarcocystis sp. (? cf. capracanis) in this paper. Sarcocysts from Taurotragus were similar to a zoonotic species of cattle and hence provisionally designated as S. sp. (? cf. hominis). A sarcocyst form with hair-like villar protrusions of the cyst wall was found in Taurotragus. Boselaphus and Antilope and compared with a common species of cattle: S (? cf. cruzi).

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Dermatomycosis of the nilgai antelope (Boselaphus tragocamelus) caused by the dermatophyte trichophyton mentagrophytes].

The authors described a dermal lesion in seven antelopes of the species Boselaphus tragocamelus (Pallas 1776), kept in a zoo-park. Mycological examination revealed the dermatophyte Trichophyton mentagrophytes (Robin) Blanchard 1896 as the causative agent of the lesion. The clinical picture of the dermatophytosis was manifested by a non-inflammatory desquamation of the epidermis with focal hair shedding. The lesions, mostly localized on the heads of the animals affected, were successfully treated with local antimycotics and by oral administration of griseofulvin. The authors present a list of the species of Artiodactyla in which Trichophyton mentagrophytes has been found until the present time. They draw attention to the fact that in wild animals the dermatophyte mostly causes symptomless disease.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The effect of a preparation from the horns of the saiga antelope on the goal-directed drinking behavior of rats].

Saitarin (an extract from the horns of antelope Saiga) depresses complex instrumental drinking behavior of rats and induced specific changes in the structure of goal-directed behavioral acts. Such changes are to a certain extent suppressed by naloxone. The obtained evidence suggest that the effects of saitarin are caused by its predominant influence on the processes of reinforcement in the course of realization by animals of the learned behavioral acts.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Spatial integration in infant sable antelope, Hippotragus niger.

I studied the relationship between the timing of birth relative to other births in the social group, and the rate of spatial integration into the herd in six cohorts of semi-free-ranging infant sable antelope at the National Zoological Park's Conservation and Research Center near Front Royal, Virginia. All calves spent the initial few days of life resting in seclusion ('hiding'), and interacted with mothers and other conspecifics only during activity bouts. With time, calves became increasingly likely to rest apart from the herd with other calves in crèches, and by 6 weeks of age, calves remained with the herd throughout all resting and activity bouts. The rate of spatial integration for individual calves depended upon the calf's birth date and the availability of peers of similar age (birth clustering). Only the first few calves born in each cohort were observed in crèches, and crèche groups synchronized their entry into the herd. First-born calves remained in crèches longer and began resting with the herd later in life than calves born later in the cohort. Last-born calves typically did not form crèches, but instead rested with the herd from an early age. Other infants may serve as social cover during the time that infants form crèches and when they first begin to accompany the herd. The observed individual differences in the rate of spatial integration may represent individual adjustments in response to the varying degrees of protection offered by the spatial environment. Copyright 1998 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1987

Protein requirements of subadult nilgai antelope.

1. The maintenance crude protein (CP) requirements of subadult nilgai antelope (Boselaphus tragocamelus) were determined by nitrogen balance. Four isocaloric pelleted diets, ranging from 8.4 to 23.8% CP, were fed. 2. Subadults maintained a positive nitrogen balance on all diets. Linear regression showed that 95.8% of diet CP was truly digested and estimated metabolic fecal nitrogen (NFN) excretion at 0.388 gN/W0.75/day. 3. Estimates for endogenous urinary nitrogen excretion and maintenance nitrogen requirement, derived through linear regression, were erroneous. Consequently, the former was calculated based on metabolic size (0.126 gN/W0.75/day) and added to MFN to obtain an 0.514 gN/W0.75/day estimate of required nitrogen for maintenance. This value is between the levels recommended for maintenance of yearling deer and cattle. 4. Given the same level of dry matter intake (68.6 g/W0.75/day) and true CP digestibility, study animals would be able to meet N equilibrium on a 4.89% CP (dry matter basis) diet. 5. Based on data from other sources, natural diets containing 6.98% CP would need to be consumed by free-ranging subadults to maintain body weight.

Aging↗
PubMed1988

Comparative quantitation of the physiological response to acute stress in impala and roan antelope.

1. The concentrations of 8 variables in the blood of impala and roan antelope exposed to acute stress were investigated. 2. An objective measure of the acute stress response, based on the % maximal change of the 8 variables, is suggested. 3. The method takes into account the species specificity of the stress response and is based on changes in the concentration of variables which reflect the (general) hormonal and (neuro-) endocrine balance of an animal at a given time. 4. The species-specific experimental response to stress (SSERTS), thus obtained, is time and procedure dependent.

Animals↗