Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “ANTIBODIES”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Regulation of antibody response in different immunoglobulin classes. II. Induction of in vitro IgE antibody response in murine spleen cells and demonstration of a possible involvement of distinct T-helper cells in IgE and IgG antibody responses.

In vitro induction of anti-DNP IgE as well as IgG1, IgG2a antibody responses was shown in murine spleen cell culture. Spleen cells primed three times with 1 mug of DNP-OA or DNP-Asc produced significant amounts of anti-DNP IgE as well as IgG antibodies by the in vitro stimulation with DNP-OA or DNP-Asc, respectively. Collaboration between DNP-primed B cells and carrier-primed T cells was required for the induction of both IgE and IgG antibodies with DNP-coupled T-dependent antigen. Carrier-specific T cells induced with a low dose of Asc (0.01 mug) showed helper function only on IgE antibody response, whereas T cells primed with a higher dose of Asc (10 mug) cooperated only with IgG-B cells. T cells primed with Asc in CFA showed helper function mainly on IgG antibody response but not on IgE antibody response. The result indicated the presence of a distinct population of T helper cells for IgE and IgG antibody responses. T-independent antigen (DNP-Ficoll) induced both anti-DNP IgE and IgG antibody responses in DNP-primed spleen cell population without the requirement of the collaboration of helper T cells.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Cloning the antibody response in humans with chronic inflammatory disease: immunopanning of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) brain sections with antibody phage libraries prepared from SSPE brain enriches for antibody recognizing measles virus antigens in situ.

In central nervous system (CNS) infectious and inflammatory diseases of known cause, oligoclonal bands represent antibody directed against the causative agent. To determine whether disease-relevant antibodies can be cloned from diseased brain, we prepared an antibody phage display library from the brain of a human with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), a chronic encephalitis caused by measles virus, and selected the library against SSPE brain sections. Antibodies that were retrieved reacted strongly with measles virus cell extracts by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and were specific for the measles virus nucleocapsid protein. These antibodies immunostained cells in different SSPE brains but not in control brain. Our data provide the first demonstration that diseased brain can be used to select in situ for antibodies directed against the causative agent of disease and point to the potential usefulness of this approach in identifying relevant antibodies in chronic CNS or systemic inflammatory diseases of unknown cause.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1976

Identification of paramyxovirus-specific haemolysis-inhibiting antibodies separate from haemagglutinating-inhibiting and neuraminidase-inhibiting antibodies. 1. Sendai virus haemolysis-inhibiting antibodies.

Egg-grown Sendai virus was used for preparation of rabbit hyperimmune sera directed against purified whole virus and pronasetreated projectionless virus particles. These sera and convalescent sera after natural Sendai infection in guinea pigs were studied in haemolysis-inhibition (HLI), haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) and neuraminidase-inhibition (NI) tests both before and after absorption with Tween 80-ether (TE) treated virus preparations. In addition, neutralization tests using the different sera were carried out. HI and NI antibodies and the major population of neutralizing antibodies in convalescent sera were removed by absorption with TE treated virus material without changing the titre of non-HI HLI antibodies. Rabbit hyperimmune sera directed against projectionless virus particles exhibited HLI antibody titres in marked excess of HI and NI antibody titres, whereas this was not found in sera against purified whole virus. In contrast, absorption of sera against projectionless particles eliminated HI antibodies without changing the titre of non-HI HLI antibodies. The protein composition of antigenic preparations used in absorption experiments and for preparation of sera was investigated by SDS-polyacryladmie-gel electrophoresis. TH treatment had no significant effect on the polypeptide pattern of Sendai virus. Pronase-treatment predominantly affected the two glycosylated proteins of Sendai virus. The larger glycoprotein was not detectable in pronasetreated projectionless virus particles, whereas the smaller glycoprotein was present in reduced quantities.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Clinical significance of antinuclear antibodies, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies and anticardiolipin antibodies in heroin abusers.

BACKGROUND: Different autoantibodies and immunologic abnormalities have been described in heroin abusers positive for human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B surface antigen, or hepatitis C virus, as well as in addicts with negative viral markers. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the prevalence of different autoantibodies in heroin addicts. METHODS: We studied 10 heroin addicts (8 males and 2 females aged 18-30 years) with a mean duration of heroin abuse of 46.5 months (range 6-96) for the presence of the following autoantibodies: antinuclear antibodies and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies--using indirect immunofluorescent technique; ds-DNA, ss-DNA, Sm, RNP, Ro and La antibodies--using counter immunoelectrophoresis; and immunoglobulins G and M anticardiolipin and beta 2-glycoprotein-I antibodies--using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All patients were tested for VDRL, HIV, HBsAG and anti-HCV antibodies. RESULTS: Four patients were positive for ANA, of whom two were positive for anti-HCV and two for ANCA. Three patients were positive for IgM aCL, one of whom was positive for IgG beta 2 GPI with clinical data of acute renal failure in the course of heroin coma and antiphospholipid syndrome (deep vein thrombosis) and positive Sm and ds-DNA antibodies, and another had subacute endocarditis and biopsy-proven chronic tubulo-interstitial nephritis (in both these patients aCL gradually fell to normal levels after the cessation of heroin abuse). One patient was HBsAG positive with negative autoantibodies. All patients were HIV and VDRL negative. CONCLUSION: Our data support the importance of ANA and aCL determination as a predictor of some systemic complications in heroin addicts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Human monoclonal antibodies reactive with cell surface antigens on human leukemia cell lines: many antibodies are (auto)antibodies.

Primary Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) transformants from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) established in macrocultures were screened for the secretion of antibodies reactive with cell surface antigens on one or another of two indicator human leukemic cell lines and fused with the HMMA2.11TG/O human fusion partner. Human monoclonal antibodies (HuMAbs) were readily obtained. Relative oligoclonality of the primary EBV macrocultures was documented by the number of antibody secreting hybridomas (1-100%). The method permitted preselection for fusion of transformants producing antibodies of certain specificities and/or class. Fourteen HuMAbs, primarily of the IgM class, have been obtained. Those IgM HuMAbs obtained from patients with active diseases, e.g. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (3 HuMAbs), and HIV infection (4 HuMAbs), were found to have a relatively broad spectrum of reactivity with cell lines of various hematopoietic lineages and normal cells, although several show selective reactivity with T cell lineage tumors or a selected population of cells. HuMAbs from normal donors of both the IgG and IgM class were obtained. The IgM HuMAbs from one volunteer reacted primarily with autologous and allogeneic macrophages (autologous PBM from the other patients were not available) as well as a diverse number of hematopoietic cell lines. From others, the IgG HuMAbs demonstrated a more restricted spectrum of reactivity, while the IgM HuMAbs reacted with both autologous and allogeneic normal cells. Thus, the B cell repertoire contains cells capable of secreting cell surface reactive antibodies and many of these antibodies express characteristics of autoantibodies. Those that did not react with autologous or allogeneic PBM may react with other autoantigens which have been expressed on the malignant cells used as screening targets or may represent true antitumor antibodies.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1987

High levels of anti-mitochondrial antibodies in MRL mice. Influence of anti-DNA antibodies on anti-mitochondrial antibodies measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

We developed an easy enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for anti-mitochondrial antibodies, and detected high levels of anti-mitochondrial antibodies in MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr (MRL1/l) mice. The influence of the presence of anti-DNA antibodies in the tested sera on this assay was also evaluated. The monoclonal anti-DNA antibodies, which were made from non-immunized MRL1/l mice, did not react with the mitochondrial antigens adhering to polystyrene plates. Absorption with DNA had little effect on the levels of mitochondrial antibodies in MRL1/l sera. Our assay for mitochondria-binding antibody was very easy and sensitive, although it could not differentiate among heterogeneous anti-mitochondrial antibodies.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Antinuclear antibodies and anti-DNA antibodies in scleroderma. A possible relationship between joint manifestations and increased antibodies in localized scleroderma.

Antinuclear antibodies (ANA), including anti-DNA antibodies, and rheumatoid factors (RAT, Waaler-Rose) were determined prospectively during a 3-year period in 40 patients with localized scleroderma (LS) compared with 77 patients with generalized scleroderma (GS). ANA were increased in 26% of patients with LS, and in 47% with GS, anti-DNA antibodies in 23% of patients with LS, and in 34% with GS. Thus, the anti-DNA antibody level was lower compared with the known level in systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatoid factors were present in 6-7% of patients with LS, and in 14-15% of patients with GS. Increased antinuclear antibodies were not associated with any specific type of localized scleroderma, nor with internal disorders, and no case of clinical overlap to discoid or systemic lupus erythematosus was observed. However, six patients with localized scleroderma and complaints of arthralgia all presented increased antibodies, and one patient showed overlap to rheumatoid arthritis. It is suggested that increased ANA and anti-DNA antibodies in localized scleroderma, associated with joint manifestations, represents a systemic component in this type of scleroderma, with activation of the immune system and similarities with generalized collagen diseases.

Antibodies, Antinuclear↗
PubMed2003

[Measles antibody followed after measles vaccination: comparison with gelatin beads agglutination (PA) antibody, hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody and IgG-avidity].

The immunity status of 37 cases has been tested at 6 weeks and 3.5 years after vaccination by using gelatin beads agglutination (PA), hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and avidity of specific IgG. The geometric mean titer (GMT) of HI antibody was 34.5 at 6 weeks and had fallen to 17.9 over 3.5 years. On the other hand, GMT of PA antibody was 36.5 at 6 weeks and had increased to 286.0 over 3.5 years. Also, the average of measles specific IgG avidity was 4.5% at 6 week and had increased to 45.4% over 3.5 years. The multiple regression analysis was performed in order to investigate the relationship of HI antibody and avidity to PA antibody. The significant involvement of the HI antibody and avidity to PA antibody (standardized partial regression coefficients; 0.612, 0.726) was recognized and the multiple correlation coefficient was 0.880 (p < 0.001). Hence it was strongly suggested that the increase of PA antibody with time could be dependent on that of IgG avidity.

Agglutination↗
PubMed1977

Comparison of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and complement-dependent antibody lysis of herpes simplex virus-infected cells as methods of detecting antiviral antibodies in human sera.

An antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) assay was used to detect antibodies to the herpes simplex viruses in humans sera. The assay utilized the release of 51Cr from BHK-21 cells infected with the viruses, hamster peritoneal exudate cells as effector cells, and antiviral antibodies in human sera. The technique was found to be far more sensitive than complement-dependent antibody lysis of infected cells and virus neutralization. The ADCC assay was useful in detecting antibodies in sera that had low titers or no antibodies detectable by other methods. In a sample of 100 sera from university students, 40 were positive by complement-dependent lysis whereas 73 were positive by ADCC. Of 400 sera from women with cervical cancer, 17 did not have detectable antibodies by microneutralization or complement-dependent lysis; however, all sera were positive by ADCC, suggesting that all of the women had been infected in the past with one or both types of herpes simplex virus.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Research on a new type of antiinsulin antibody in a diabetic female patient: the cytotoxic antibody. antiinsulin cytotoxic antibody.

A study was carried out on a diabetic patient showing allergy to insulin, with urticaria and Quincke's edema, apparently owing to sensitization with IgE antibodies. By means of a hyposensitizing treatment her allergy improved due to the building up of IgG protecting antibodies, but at the same time she showed resistance to insulin, probably owing to IgG antibodies as well. This suggest that caution should be exerted before applying hyposensitization with insulin on diabetic patients allergic to the hormone. We were able to describe on the same patient a type II sensitization caused by a cytotoxic antibody against insulin. It was shown that this antibody agglutinates leukocytes which had been previously incubated with insulin and damage occurred when complement was present. Those effects could be especifically inhibited when the antigen (insulin) was added to the medium. The antibody belongs to the IgG group and it acts both in vivo and in vitro. In the case under study, the cytotoxic antibody disappeared as soon as treatment with insulin was discontinued for a year, and reappeared when renewed. It does not seem to occur very frequently, for it was not found in 20 consecutive diabetic patients under insulin treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

[Antiphospholipid antibodies in a series of 25 cases of lupus without antinuclear antibodies. Comparison with a series of 91 lupus patients with antinuclear antibodies].

Twenty-five patients with at least 3 of 1982 ARA criteria of SLE but without the ANA, were compared with 91 patients with 4 or more of the ARA criteria of lupus with positive ANA. The ANA-negative group was characterised by the low incidence of skin involvement, serous effusions and alopecia, and a relatively high incidence of thrombocytopaenia and venous and arterial thrombosis. Three types of antiphospholipid antibodies were looked for: the VDRL, antiprothrombinase and anticardiolipin antibodies by an immuno-enzymatic method. The VDRL was the only antibody which was significantly commoner in the ANA-negative group. Statistical studies showed that the three methods of demonstrating antiphospholipid antibodies detected crossed but not identical specificities. In the ANA-positive group only the antiprothrombinase was associated with a high incidence of venous thrombosis and stroke. In the ANA-negative group, only the anticardiolipin antibodies were associated with a high incidence of arterial or venous thrombosis. Two subgroups may be identified in the group of ANA-negative lupus patients: firstly, those with high anticardiolipin antibody titres with a high incidence of thrombotic and haematological complications, and, secondly, patients with low anticardiolipin antibody levels with a high incidence of cutaneous involvement, serous effusions and Raynaud's phenomenon.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Antibody networks and imaging: elicitation of anti-fluorescein antibodies in response to the metatypic state of fluorescein-specific monoclonal antibodies.

Studies are described regarding generation of anti-hapten antibodies starting with a monoclonal Ig immunogen in the ligand-induced conformation or metatypic state. Liganded monoclonal Ab1 antibodies represent the unique feature of the study since previous reports investigating internal imaging in the original Idiotype Network Hypothesis [Jerne, 1974 (Ann. Immun. 125C, 373-389)] were based on the non-liganded or idiotypic state [as reviewed in: Rodkey, 1980 (Microbiol. Rev. 44, 631-659); Kohler et al., 1979 (In: Methods in Enzymology: Antibodies, Antigens and Molecular Mimicry, pp. 3-35); Greenspan and Bona, 1993 (FASEB J. 7,437-444)]. Affinity-labeled liganded murine monoclonal anti-fluorescein antibodies served as immunogens administered both in the syngenic and xenogenic modes to determine if the metatypic state elicited anti-hapten antibodies through imaging-like mechanisms. Polyclonal and monoclonal anti-Ab1 reagents in various hosts were assayed for anti-fluorescein and/or anti-metatype specificity. Significant anti-fluorescein responses were measured indicating that the metatypic state directly or indirectly stimulates an anti-hapten antibody population.

Affinity Labels↗
PubMed1990

Immune responses during human Schistosoma mansoni. XVII. Recognition by monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies of several idiotopes on a monoclonal anti-soluble schistosomal egg antigen antibody and anti-soluble schistosomal egg antigen antibodies from patients with different clinical forms of infection.

A monoclonal human anti-soluble schistosomal egg Ag(SEA) antibody (E5) that stimulates anti-Id T cells and is idiotypically represented in pools of immunoaffinity-purified human anti-SEA antibodies from chronic, generally asymptomatic, intestinal (INT) patients (AM1 and AM5) was used to raise several monoclonal anti-Id: 1C2, 1C6, 4A8, 4F9, and 2A7. Cross-inhibition between these anti-Id identified distinct idiotopes on E5. Anti-SEA preparations from schistosomiasis patients (AM1, AM5, and others) were tested for their inhibition of the E5/monoclonal anti-Id reactions, in competitive ELISA. In either the E5/4A8 or E5/1C6 ELISA system, anti-SEA from INT (AM1 or AM5) or hepatointestinal (HI) (AM7) patients were able to inhibit these reactions. However, anti-SEA antibodies from acute (AM9) or hepatosplenic (HS) (AM3 or AM8) patients did not express Id that were inhibitory in these systems. These results suggest that a relatively high proportion of INT and HI anti-SEA antibodies express a dominant cross-reactive idiotope (CRI) recognized by 1C6/4A8. This CRI is also easily detected in plasmas from individual INT patients. Anti-Id 1C2 reacted strongly with an Id in AM1, AM5, or AM7, but one which also occurred, to a lesser extent, in AM3, AM8, and AM9. Monoclonal anti-Id 4F9 and 2A7 reacted weakly with idiotopes expressed by antibodies from all patients, regardless of the clinical form of their infection. These observations indicate that anti-SEA antibodies from INT and HI, but not acute or HS patients express dominant, CRI that are identified by 1C6, 4A8, or 1C2 and are also expressed on the INT-derived anti-SEA mAb E5.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Modulation of the murine immune response to human IgG by complexing with monoclonal antibodies. II. Antibody responses to idiotopes of the human IgG paraprotein and of the mouse monoclonal antibodies.

Anti-idiotope antibodies produced by mice immunized with a human IgG paraprotein complexed with various mouse monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) have been measured. All animals receiving more than one injection of the paraprotein (free or complexed with a mouse McAb) produced antibodies to the idiotypes of the paraprotein. Complexing with a McAb, especially an anti-Fc-gamma McAb, enhanced the response. Antibodies to the idiotopes of mouse McAbs were more difficult to produce and their production was very dependent on the mode and schedule of the immunization. The best antisera were produced by mice receiving a course of injections of pre-formed complexes of the IgG paraprotein and McAbs. Four of five mice produced antibodies to the idiotopes of an anti-light chain McAb (C4) after a course of immunization (one primary plus four boosts) of an IgG-C4 complex. Two of the six mice receiving a similar course of injections of the paraprotein complexed with an anti-gamma McAb (A55) produced high titres of antibodies to A55 idiotypes. Responses were enhanced when complexes were prepared with a pool of McAbs. It is probable that the formation of large multi-cross-linked complexes containing the McAb under study is important in generating the response. Once a response is initiated, very high titres may be achieved.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Guinea pig line 10 hepatocarcinoma model: characterization of monoclonal antibody and in vivo effect of unconjugated antibody and antibody conjugated to diphtheria toxin A chain.

Monoclonal antibodies were raised against the guinea pig line 10 (L10) hepatocarcinoma, and an IgG1-producing hybridoma (D3) was selected for further study. D3 is a true monoclonal antibody as demonstrated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Radioimmunoassays on live cells revealed no cross-reactivity with normal tissues or with the line 1 hepatocarcinoma which was used as a control. Membrane immunofluorescence assays demonstrated similar specificity. Immunoperoxidase staining of cryostat sections of tumor and normal tissues of both adult animals and fetuses showed that the D3 monoclonal antibody reacted primarily with the L10 tumor, but some cross-reactivity with smooth muscle, placenta, fetal skeletal muscle, and fetal liver was also demonstrated. Radioimmunoprecipitation of detergent extracts of iodinated L10 cells showed that the antigen is present on the cell surface as a dimer of Mr 290,000 (unit size, Mr 148,000). Therapy studies with unconjugated D3 antibody demonstrated a minor dose-dependent effect on tumor growth. D3 antibody conjugated to the A chain of diphtheria toxin (10(-7) M) was cytotoxic to 100% of L10 cells in vitro. Animals treated with a single 1-mg i.v. injection of this immunoconjugate on Day 7 following the intradermal injection of 10(5) tumor cells demonstrated a highly significant inhibition of tumor growth compared to control animals and those treated with unconjugated antibody.

Animals↗