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At least 883 records · Page 49Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Cardiovascular risk factor profiles and kidney function stage in the US general population: the NHANES III study.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in the general population based on kidney function. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of noninstitutionalized US adults, which was conducted from 1988 to 1994. Data were gathered on 9 cardiovascular risk factors (smoking; obesity; hypertension; high total cholesterol, C-reactive protein, glycosylated hemoglobin, and homocysteine levels; low hemoglobin level; and high urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR). RESULTS: For the 15,837 subjects, the estimated GFR was at least 90 mL/min per 1.73 m2 (normal) in 65.4%, 60 to 89.9 mL/ min per 1.73 m2 (stage 2 kidney function) in 27.9%, 30 to 59.9 mL/min per 1.73 m2 (stage 3 kidney function) in 6.2%, and less than 30 mL/min per 1.73 m2 (stages 4 and 5 kidney function) In 0.5%. The number of cardiovascular risk factors Increased with stage of kidney dysfunction. Of subjects with a normal GFR, 30.4% had no risk factors, 34.9% had 1 risk factor, and 34.7% had 2 or more risk factors. Of subjects with stage 2 kidney function, 24.8% had no risk factors, 30.3% had 1 risk factor, and 44.9% had 2 or more risk factors. Of subjects with stage 3 kidney function, 1.4% had no risk factors, 14.9% had 1 risk factor, and 83.6% had 2 or more risk factors. All subjects with stages 4 and 5 kidney function had 2 or more risk factors. After covariate adjustment, odds ratios for having an estimated GFR lower than 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 were 1, 3.7 (95% confidence interval, 1.2-11.3), and 10.4 (95% confidence interval, 3.9-27.8) times greater in subjects with 0, 1, and 2 or more cardiovascular risk factors, respectively (P<.001). CONCLUSION: Persons with chronic kidney disease are much more likely to need multiple cardiovascular risk factor interventions than those without chronic kidney disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Changes in rat testicular antioxidant defence profile as a function of age and its impairment by hexachlorocyclohexane during critical stages of maturation.

Age-related changes in rat testicular oxidative stress parameters were investigated. A biphasic pattern was evident for lipid peroxidation and for the activity ratio of superoxide dismutase to catalase and glutathione peroxidase with increasing age. In the first phase of life (birth-7 days), a linear fall in lipid peroxidation was accompanied by a gradual increase in the enzyme ratio which was reversed in the second phase (15-600 days). Glutathione and ascorbic acid levels increased from birth to the 45th day and remained unchanged up till 365 days and then reduced at 600 days of age. The maximum level of H2O2 observed at birth gradually decreased till 90 days and remained unchanged up till 365 days of age; thereafter its level was elevated on day 600. The results suggest that an antioxidant defence system plays a crucial role in development and maturation of the rat testis. When the rats were treated with hexachlorocyclohexane during critical stages of testicular development (6th-30th day) and responses were evaluated on the 46th day of age, elevations in the levels of testicular lipid peroxidation and H2O2 along with reduction in levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbic acid were observed. However, no change in glutathione and its metabolizing enzymes was recorded. On the other hand, hexachlorocyclohexane elevated total testicular Ca(2+)-Mg(2+)-ATPase activity. The results advocate for impairment of testicular functions in adult age as a consequence of some permanent lesions induced by hexachlorocyclohexane during critical stages of sexual maturation.

Aging↗
PubMed1999

[Variations under genetic control of onchocerca infection as a function of clinical profile in the endemic center of Cameroon].

Onchocerciasis, also known as "river blindness", presents a plenum of clinical manifestations which vary from one individual to another, and from one area to another. This large spectrum of clinical manifestations of the disease is an indication of the complexity of the pathogenesis of onchocerciasis and suggests that many interacting factors might influence the clinical features of the disease. The present study has focused on the heterogenicity of the host immune response as a plausible explanation for differences in clinical manifestations of the infection. Host genetic factors, namely HLA genes, might play an important role in determining the nature of the immune response mounted against the parasite Onchocerca volvulus, and thus the development of different manifestations of the infection. Genetic diversity of onchocerciasis was assessed in different endemic foci in Cameroon. In order to investigate the possibility that the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) genes might be associated with the different clinical types of onchocerciasis, 146 subjects living in three endemic areas of Cameroon were studied. They were classified in four groups: A (asymptomatic subjects), P (putatively immune subjects) L (patients with localised disease) and G (patients with generalised disease). The four groups differed in the distribution of HLA class II alleles as determined by Direct Heteroduplex Analysis. On the one hand, allele HLA-DQA1*0501 appeared to be associated with protection against severe onchocerciasis; on the other, allele HLA-DQB1*0201 might play an important role in the severe form of the disease.

Alleles↗
PubMed2000

S33084, a novel, potent, selective, and competitive antagonist at dopamine D(3)-receptors: II. Functional and behavioral profile compared with GR218,231 and L741,626.

The selective dopamine D(3)-receptor antagonist S33084 dose dependently attenuated induction of hypothermia by 7-hydroxy-2-dipropylaminotetralin (7-OH-DPAT) and PD128,907. S33084 also dose dependently reduced 7-OH-DPAT-induced penile erections (PEs) but had little effect on 7-OH-DPAT-induced yawning and hypophagia, and it did not block contralateral rotation elicited by the preferential D(3) agonist quinpirole in unilateral substantia nigra-lesioned rats. In models of potential antipsychotic activity, S33084 had little effect on conditioned avoidance behavior and the locomotor response to amphetamine and cocaine in rats, and weakly inhibited apomorphine-induced climbing in mice. Moreover, S33084 was inactive in models of potential extrapyramidal activity in rats: induction of catalepsy and prolactin secretion and inhibition of methylphenidate-induced gnawing. Another selective D(3) antagonist, GR218,231, mimicked S33084 in inhibiting 7-OH-DPAT-induced PEs and hypothermia but neither hypophagia nor yawning behavior. Similarly, it was inactive in models of potential antipsychotic and extrapyramidal activity. In distinction to S33084 and GR218,231, the preferential D(2) antagonist L741,626 inhibited all responses elicited by 7-OH-DPAT. Furthermore, it displayed robust activity in models of antipsychotic and, at slightly higher doses, extrapyramidal activity. In summary, S33084 was inactive in models of potential antipsychotic and extrapyramidal activity and failed to modify spontaneous locomotor behavior. Furthermore, it did not affect hypophagia or yawns, but attenuated hypothermia and PEs, elicited by 7-OH-DPAT. This profile was shared by GR218,231, whereas L741,626 was effective in all models. Thus, D(2)-receptors are principally involved in these paradigms, although D(3)-receptors may contribute to induction of hypothermia and PEs. S33084 should comprise a useful tool for further exploration of the pathophysiological significance of D(3)- versus D(2)-receptors.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

[Dynamics of the personality profile and cognitive functions in finlepsin treatment of partial epilepsy].

The aim of modern antiepileptic therapy is not only to decrease frequency of the seizures and to prevent their rise, but to decrease negative consequences of the treatment too. It is, first of all, to decrease the influence of the antiepileptic preparations on the cognitive functions and, therefore, on quality of the patients' life. During therapy of 40 patients (8-57 year-olds) with partial epilepsy the severity of the seizures as well as emotional and cognitive functions of the patients were evaluated. A significant decrease of the severity of the seizures was observed during therapy with finlepsin-retard (p < 0.002). These changes correlated both with a decrease of anxiety according to MMPI questionnaire (p < 0.0001) and with an increase of the volume of the short-term imaginary memory. Finlepsin-retard is effective therapy for epilepsy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Immune profile and thyroid function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Thyroid autoantibodies and thyroid function were studied in 175 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (ARA criteria, 1987). The study included 149 women and 26 men aged (54.7 +/- 13.1) all treated in the Clinic of Rheumatology, Higher Medical Institute, Plovdiv. A control group comprising 72 healthy subjects (aged 51.2 +/- 3.2) was used. Rheumatoid factor (RF) (latex agglutination test and Waaler-Rose test), antithyroglobulin (TAT) and antimicrosomal antibodies (MAT), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and the free fraction of thyroxine (FT4) were measured. 69.7% of all patients tested positive for RF by the latex test and 64.5% by the Waaler-Rose test. TAT was found in 55 (31.4%), MAT in 26 (14.8%) from all the examined, which is significantly greater in comparison with the controls (p < 0.05). The thyroid gland was in a euthyroid state in most of the RA patients although MAT and/or TAT were detected in them. The results suggest existence of two autoimmune diseases - rheumatoid arthritis and Hashimoto's thyroiditis and raise the question of whether they are not manifestations of a single autoimmune disease with different body organ localisation.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Relationship between arrhythmia profile, left ventricular function and sudden death in the post-infarct period of patients resuscitated from heart arrest].

In order to determine the relationship among ventricular arrhythmias, left ventricular dysfunction and sudden cardiac death (SCD), 75 consecutive patients with myocardial infarction, 38 of whom resuscitated from SCD, were studied retrospectively by 48 hour Holter electrocardiographic monitoring (ECGD), cardiac catheterization and radionuclide angiography (ACRD). The patients were divided in 3 groups, related to SCD occurrence and to the interval between acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and SCD: Group I (37 patients-control group) no cardiac arrest occurred; Group II (26 patients) resuscitated less than or equal to 48 hours after AMI; Group III (12 patients) resuscitated 6-12 weeks after AMI. ECGDs were recorded with an average of 2 (ECGD 1), 16 (ECGD 2) and 36 months (ECGD 3) after AMI. In ECGD 1, there were no differences in the frequency and complexity of ventricular arrhythmias among the 3 groups, whereas in ECGD 2 and 3 the incidence of complex ventricular arrhythmias was significantly higher in Group III than in the other 2 groups (p less than 0.05). In Group III, the complexity and frequency of ventricular arrhythmias increased both in ECGD 2 and 3 compared to ECGD 1 (p less than 0.05). Furthermore, between patients of Group II and III higher grade arrhythmias and more frequent ventricular premature beats (VPB) were noted in sudden death patients than in survivors. There was no statistical difference in mean cardiac index, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and ejection fraction among the groups. In the ACRD 1 performed an average of 8 months after AMI, a slight decrease of ejection fraction in Group III compared to the other groups was noted (p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Profile of thyroid function and urinary iodine excretion of pregnant women attending Harare Central Hospital antenatal clinic.

A preliminary study to determine the iodine status of pregnant women was carried out in the busy referral antenatal clinic of the Harare Central Hospital. Serum free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), thyrotrophin (TSH), and urinary iodine, were determined in 100 pregnant women, and compared with non-pregnancy control levels. Visible goitres were observed in 16 percent of the pregnant women, and 70 percent of the serum FT3 results fell below the mean value for the non-pregnancy controls. The mean serum FT4 levels were significantly increased. The serum TSH values of the pregnant and the non pregnant women showed no significant differences. No significant differences were observed between the pregnant goitrous and pregnant non-goitrous women with regard to FT3, FT4 and TSH. The urinary iodine concentration was found to be slightly higher in the goitrous pregnant women than in the non-goitrous counterparts. In 40 percent of the pregnant women the urinary iodine concentration was below 100 micrograms I/g creatinine, and in the 0-25 micrograms I/g creatinine range were 15 percent of the total patient sample.

Female↗
PubMed1987

Combined effect of a small dose of ethanol and 36 hr fasting on blood-glucose response, breath-acetone profiles and platelet function in healthy men.

Six healthy men drank 0.25 g/kg ethanol after an overnight fast (12 hr) and the same dose was consumed again after a further 24 hr fasting. The concentration of ethanol and acetone in end-expired alveolar air was determined at 15 min intervals for 3 hr after ethanol intake by a gas chromatographic method. Before drinking and 30 and 90 min thereafter blood samples were taken for determination of glucose, ADP-induced platelet aggregation and associated thromboxane (TXB2) formation. The breath-ethanol time course was virtually identical after 12 and 36 hr fasting and the peak concentration occurred 30 min after drinking. Fasting for 36 hr caused a 20-fold increase in breath-acetone levels. Under these conditions, i.e. after 12 and 36 hr fasting, the hypoglycemic response to ethanol intake was 10 and 25%, while the antiketogenic response was 38 and 16%, respectively. ADP-induced platelet aggregation and associated TXB2 formation showed wide interindividual variations, but no definite effects of ethanol, hypoglycemia or metabolic acidosis were observed. Platelet function was not significantly influenced by ingestion of a small dose of ethanol after prolonged fasting.

Acetone↗
PubMed1986

[Relation between the cellularity and lactic acid level in 55 synovial fluids and research on concentration profile as a function of the etiology].

The authors investigated 55 determinations of synovial lactic acid in 7 groups of patients: septic arthritis, seropositive rheumatoid arthritis, seronegative rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitic arthritis, reactive arthritis, mechanical fluids of osteoarthritis. Statistical analysis confirmed the diagnostic contribution of this determination in septic arthritis and demonstrated a correlation between the lactic-acid and cell levels within a cell-level range of 5,000-20,000. A significant difference was detected between seronegative and seropositive forms of arthritis. The physiopathologic interpretation of the findings in cases of rheumatoid polyarthritis and in non-rheumatoid inflammatory rheumatism is discussed.

Anaerobiosis↗