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Surgical biopsy of 536 pulmonary tuberculosis patients was analysed. It was found that in 90% of them tuberculosis developed in the malformed segment of lung tissue. Among the defects, basic matter was composed of small hypoplasia zones (2-3 cm) which were detected only morphologically. In 89% of the cases, zones of hypoplasia and cysts were located in the 1st and 2nd lung segments, which formed in the first postnatal months. In all cases tuberculosis affected the malformed bronchus, which was probably the primary site of tuberculosis process dissemination.
Ultrasonography was used in the second pregnancy trimester as a noninvasive method of prenatal diagnosis of congenital malformations (CM) in 1071 pregnant women. These were found in 1.2% of the examinees, were local and multiple with predominance of CNS anomalies. Key ultrasonic signs of CM are specified. It was noted that a fertilized egg presents valuable specific and nonspecific information. Ultrasonography is shown to be of high informative value in prenatal diagnosis of CM in the second trimester.
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Only recently have we begun to examine systematically the effect of dysfunctional children on other family members. This article addresses several issues: (1) It presents two models of family stress, the ABCX and the social ecology model, and discusses how they can be employed for a systematic mapping of known key variables that, in complex interplay, appear to influence the family's ability to cope with a dysfunctional child. (2) It reviews evidence from our own work and research by others related to the main elements of the ABCX model of family stress. (3) It offers an outline of what appear to us to be the key methodologic considerations for improving quality of research in this area. (4) It provides a few recommendations to clinicians working with families of severely dysfunctional children based on the evidence and our clinical experience.
This article examines speech and language impairment in relation to several common childhood psychiatric disorders. Similarities among disorders can be found in the associated language impairments, family histories, and certain language outcomes. The article describes prevalence surveys of speech and language disorders and the correlates of language impairment, such as IQ, socioeconomic status, and birth order. The association between language impairment and childhood psychiatric disorders (i.e., hyperactivity, autism) is investigated, and the outcomes of language impairment are discussed. Finally, the hypothesis that a common underlying neurolinguistic diathesis may be present for certain subgroups of psychiatrically disordered children is presented. In some groups, psychiatric disorder (i.e., hyperactivity) and linguistic impairment may develop in parallel as a function of an underlying neurodevelopmental immaturity. The relation between the linguistic impairment and neurodevelopmental immaturity requires clarification so as to disentangle their specific associations with the various disorders discussed.
The retrospective examination of 70 patients who had suffered fractures in tooth-bearing segments of the maxilla and the mandible when they were between one and twelve years old revealed a high incidence of late pathologic changes (in 39 out of 70). Disorders in odontogeny, eruption of the teeth and occlusion were observed. Primary and secondary loss of teeth did also occur. Our results show the necessity to inform both the young patients and their parents about the high incidence of late changes after jaw fractures in childhood. An effective recall-system is required in order to diagnose and treat such changes as soon as possible.
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These are data of a clinico-epidemiological investigation into dysontogenesis++ and inherited disorders of the nervous system in children in a major industrial region. The peculiarities of structure, rate, clinical picture, genealogy of the disorders in the population is described. A program of further actions is designed in order to elaborate a complex of preventive measures.
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Cerebral hemispheres development was analyzed in 39 embryons obtained after 5 to 12 weeks to gestation in mothers abusing alcohol (alcoholism and drunkenness). In 20 cases (51%) distortions in the brain shaping were detected with excessive plication and invaginations of the brain walls. This led to the brain development disorder known as true porencephalia, and others, termed as cysts with normal and reverse order of layers, porencephalia with reverse layer ordering. The authors suggest that brain shaping distortions are variants of teratogenesis of its innate defects.