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PubMed1996

A multisite collaborative for the development of interdisciplinary education in continuous improvement for health professions students.

In 1994, The Institute for Healthcare Improvement, in Boston, Massachusetts, formed the Interdisciplinary Professional Education Collaborative (the Collaborative). The mission of the Collaborative is to create an interdisciplinary teaching and learning environment in which future health professionals learn to work together to improve health care delivery. Apart from emphasizing interdisciplinary collaboration, the Collaborative focuses on teaching the methods of continuous improvement (CI), a system of management first developed for manufacturing industries that is increasingly being used in the management of health care delivery. The Collaborative consists of four local interdisciplinary teams (LITs): the Cleveland LIT, the "George" LIT (a collaboration between George Washington University in Washington, D.C., and George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia), the South Carolina LIT, and the Pennsylvania LIT; and a coordinating committee. This paper describes each LIT's approach to achieving the Collaborative's commitment to give health professions students the opportunity to work in interdisciplinary teams to learn about and practice CI methods, training the Collaborative believes will enable them to be effective providers in a variety of health care systems. The paper describes the overall goals of the Collaborative, presents reports from the four LITs, and discusses common lessons learned.

District of Columbia↗
PubMed2001

Public health training and research collaboration in South Eastern Europe.

The health care systems in South Eastern Europe are characterized by a predominantly curative orientation. During the last decade public health became insufficient due to war as well as economic and political changes. Today there is a lack of competence in public health above all in health management and strategy development, but also in the fields of health surveillance and prevention. The great need for a sustainable collaboration and support in advanced training and continuous education of qualified professionals to reach required conditions was recognized. Therefore, the project for the development of training modules and research capabilities in public health in South Eastern European countries (SEE) was proposed to the Stability Pact (PH-SEE Project). The project is to support the reconstruction of postgraduate public health training through development of teaching materials in English for the Internet. A regional network of lecturers in the health sciences will be established. The up to date texts should be of international standard but also be of regional specificity.

Croatia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Over the rainbow: advancing child health in the new millennium.

Research studies presented at the annual Pediatric Academic Societies meeting provide continued evidence of the impact of the environment on child health, the prevalence of mental health problems in children and adolescents, and the benefits of comprehensive health care coverage. Other studies report on the efficacy of new formats for delivering pediatric health care and the content of health supervision visits, and identify potential solutions for existing deficits and disparities in health care delivery. Despite this abundance of positive studies, the United States continues to lag behind many developed countries in its broader adoption of effective strategies such as universal health coverage. Child health care professionals must continue to speak out on behalf of the needs of infants, children, and adolescents and work for systemic change in health care delivery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Clinical specialization programs for dietitians: a needs assessment.

This needs assessment was conducted to identify the perceived need for advancement and specialization through practicum programs in clinical dietetics. A questionnaire was developed and validated through a pilot study. It was mailed to a randomized sample of 950 dietitians (52%) registered with the ODA. Fifty two per cent responded, representing 27% of ODA members. Of those surveyed 89% were currently employed. The most current area of practice was clinical nutrition (55%) followed by foodservice (22%) and community nutrition (14%). Seventy two per cent of the respondents identified that they would consider enrolling in a specialized practicum. Most cited reasons for enrolling were increased knowledge/expertise (44%) and increased professional profile (25%). Areas of greatest interest were: nutrition assessment (9%), critical care/nutrition support (8%) and gerontology (7.5%). Sixty two per cent preferred the program to be offered part-time, 27% full-time and 9% were impartial. The most frequently cited length and cost per week for the program within specified part or full-time categories was: two weeks full-time (36.5%) at S200-299.00 (33%), four weeks full-time (25%) at S100-199.00 (31%) and two weeks part or full-time (23.5%) at S200-299.00 (57%). Desired ODA regions for program availability were: Toronto (34%), Kitchener/Waterloo/Hamilton (17.5%) and London (14%). Lastly, 92% of the respondents felt the program should be CDA and ODA approved and continuing education points be provided. These results indicate that dietitians are interested in pursuing professional self-development through specialized practicums.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Registered nurse refresher course as an adjunct in nurse recruitment.

A registered nurse refresher course in the east central region of Missouri has offered a singular opportunity for nurses wishing to re-enter the nursing profession. By offering both didactic instruction and clinical experience with a nurse mentor in the medical center, nurses who have been out of nursing or in a non-clinical role have had the chance to begin to reorient themselves to professional practice before committing to a permanent position. This article describes one institution's experience and process for those who might be considering developing a re-entry program of their own.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Developing a multisite project in geriatric and/or gerontological education with emphases in interdisciplinary practice and cultural competence.

PURPOSE: This 2-year, multisite, curriculum-development project aimed to increase the pool of professionals trained in geriatric and/or gerontological social work. DESIGN AND METHODS: Our methods included (a) providing advanced training in aging, cultural competence, and interdisciplinary practice to social work professionals and masters degree students, (b) developing, implementing, and testing an innovative student curriculum based on standardized learning competencies identified by project participants, (c) revising the university curriculum to support such competencies, and (d) producing a practicum handbook. RESULTS: The project achieved its out-comes. IMPLICATIONS: Project conceptualization, implementation, and evaluation are discussed together with approaches for its replication.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Black non-Hispanic mothers' perceptions about the promotion of infant-feeding methods by nurses and physicians.

OBJECTIVE: To describe reports of low-income Black non-Hispanic women about the promotion of infant-feeding methods by nurses and physicians. DESIGN: Ethnographic research conducted over 18 months with interviewing and participant observation of informants. SETTING: The study took place in a Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children clinic and neighborhood in the New York metropolitan area. PARTICIPANTS: 130 Black non-Hispanic mothers enrolled in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children were general informants. From this group, 11 primiparous key informants were selected for close follow-up during pregnancy and the 1st postpartum year. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Audiotaped interviews and field notes were analyzed for mothers' descriptions of infant-feeding education and support from nurses and physicians. FINDINGS: The informants reported limited breastfeeding education and support during pregnancy, childbirth stay in neonatal intensive care unit, postpartum, and recovery in the community. They also expressed trust/distrust concerns and varying degrees of anxiety about the ways they were treated by nurses and physicians. CONCLUSIONS: To decrease disparities in breastfeeding, this research suggests that health care professionals should focus their efforts on the development of trusting relationships and continuity of care along with clear, consistent breastfeeding education and support.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The professional support group: a model for psychiatric clinical nurse specialists.

In addition to the frustrations experienced by any CNS, the psychiatric CNS in the general hospital setting experiences additional pressures which are inherent to his/her role. The major additional pressure is the great demand for the provision of support to patients, families, and staff. This necessitates a source of support for the psychiatric CNS. In response to this need, a group of psychiatric CNSs from general hospital settings developed and implemented a model for a professional support group. The formation and developmental process of this professional support group was consistent with literature descriptions of both small group and professional support group development. Informal evaluation demonstrated that this professional support group is achieving its purposes, and continues to function as an ongoing group.

Group Processes↗
PubMed2004

Principles for development of multi-disciplinary, mental health learning modules for undergraduate, postgraduate and continuing education.

BACKGROUND: People experiencing mental health problems have greater contact with health and welfare professionals in generalist settings than with specialist mental health services. Yet the capacity for generalist professionals to respond effectively to mental health problems is often compromised by inadequate mental health training. The Discipline of Psychiatry at the University of Newcastle developed a series of CD-Rom mental health learning modules for professionals working in non-mental health settings. The paper describes the principles that guided the development of a series and how those principles were applied. DEVELOPMENT PRINCIPLES: The following development principles were adopted. The series should: (i) have a multi-disciplinary application; (ii) be adaptable for presentation in multiple educational domains; (iii) be accessible for rural and remote practitioners; (iv) combine structured solutions-focused lessons (directed learning) with elements of problem-based learning; (v) include working problems that are authentic and relevant; and (vi) describe normal, abnormal and cross-cultural manifestations of problems. APPLICATION OF PRINCIPLES: The model guided the development of a short course series on professional engagement with people who have personality problems. The learning modules provide generic, multi-disciplinary training for a range of practitioners, including nurses, primary care physicians, social workers, psychologists and magistrates. The modules have been adapted for use in undergraduate medical education, postgraduate programs (in population health, nursing, psychology and drug and alcohol studies) and continuing education. CONCLUSION: In contrast to traditional diagnostic-focussed psychiatry training, the model directly addresses the mental health training needs of health and welfare professionals using a multi-disciplinary, problem-based approach.

CD-ROM↗
PubMed2005

Current status of burn care facilities: a nationwide survey.

The problems associated with burn injuries are wide-ranging, and the social and economic impacts of burns affect all of society. Only burn units have the capability to properly care for these patients, and this specialization translates to increased costs. The aim of this study was to examine the current status of burn units in Turkey. There are no reliable epidemiological data on burns and burn units in our country, so we conducted our own survey. In March 2003, Turkey had 1198 hospitals with 159,290 patient beds. To collect data related to burn care centers, we mailed a questionnaire to every hospital (974 total sent) and a different questionnaire to every City Health Directorate (81 total sent). Seven hundred and seventy-seven hospitals (79.8%) responded, and the results indicate that the number of burn care centers has risen significantly in the past decade. At most centers, plastic-reconstructive surgeons and general surgeons are the physicians who care for burn patients. The survey findings indicate that Turkey needs many more burn centers, and also better quality units. In addition, in-service training of health care professionals is required. As well, a curriculum should be developed for continuous public education geared towards burn prevention and first aid.

Beds↗
PubMed1998

A survey of physicians' education in caring for the dying: identified training needs.

BACKGROUND: Physicians receive limited systematic training in caring for dying people. The majority of training focuses on technical skills. METHODS: This study surveyed medical students, residents, fellows, and attending physicians to identify physician needs and current types of training in caring for the terminally ill. The study questionnaire was designed to determine whether and when physicians were trained in caring for dying people, the nature of such training, and possible areas to be included in future training. Also requested was a description of a personal experience involving caring for a terminally ill person. RESULTS: One hundred twenty-three questionnaires were distributed and 90 were returned. Data indicate a lack of standardized training in dealing with terminally ill people and an expressed need for periodic, continuous training. The training needs to be mandatory, be ongoing, and use multiple formats, including the integration of theoretical information and clinical practice. Physicians in this study desired training in the following topic areas: 1) pain management; 2) death and dying; 3) the quality of life and death; 4) DNR status. CONCLUSIONS: Physicians in this study indicated a need for more training in how to care for the terminally ill. A model for training should start in medical school and continue throughout one's career. Providing a framework for lifelong professional development that integrates theoretical information and clinical practice with a multidisciplinary approach to patient care should form the basis of a training model.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Evaluation of an occupational therapy mentorship program.

BACKGROUND: It was identified that there is a lack of evidence for the effectiveness of formal mentorship programs, no evidence supporting mentor groups and little research in mentorship specific to occupational therapy. PURPOSE: The following quantitative study evaluates the mentorship program offered within the occupational therapy curriculum at The University of Western Ontario. METHODS: One hundred and seventy nine surveys were analyzed to evaluate participants' perceptions of the program's strengths, weaknesses, changes needed, effectiveness, and whether it should continue to be offered. RESULTS: In general, mentors and mentees reported that the mentorship program should continue to be offered and that it was effective in developing professionalism. However, the structure of the program, clarification of its requirements, and more support for the mentors were identified as some areas for change. IMPLICATIONS: Results can impact further program development at this university and other occupational therapy programs which may have a similar program or are interested in developing a mentorship program.

Education, Professional↗
PubMed1984

Drugs in the Spanish health system.

This paper presents data on drug consumption in Spain, analyzed from a cultural as well as from a medical point of view. The overuse of medicines is an economic rather than a pharmaceutical problem, and the main characteristic of drug use in Spain seems to be the misuse of pharmacologic therapeutic strategies. Four factors which influence the quantity and quality of drug consumption are identified and analyzed: 1) the structure of the primary health care system, 2) general requirements for marketing drugs and the characteristics of pharmaceutical supply, 3) information about drugs used by health professionals, and 4) development and activities--pre-graduate teaching and continuing education--in the field of clinical pharmacology. Some recent activities in this area are also presented. These are intended as a contribution to the development of clinical pharmacology with the aim of turning benefit-risk ratios to the side of the benefit, through the promotion of a more rational drug therapy.

Drug Therapy↗
PubMed2004

Tying it all together--The PASS to Success: a comprehensive look at promoting job retention for workers with psychiatric disabilities in a supported employment program.

Job initiation rates are steadily improving for people with severe and persistent mental illnesses. Yet, job retention rates, especially for those individuals who historically have had difficulty maintaining employment, continue to concern vocational rehabilitation professionals. In this paper, the author develops and refines her ideas that were presented in a previous research paper titled "Differences in Job Retention in a Supported Employment Program, Chinook Clubhouse." A more complete model, "The PASS to Success," is suggested by incorporating existing research with the author's revised work. Components of the model (Placement, Attitude, Support, Skills), can be used to predict vocational success and promote job retention.

Adaptation, Psychological↗