Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “big data”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 883 records · Page 49Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Economic interventions to discourage the illegal sale of cigarettes to minors in New York State.

In New York State it is illegal to sell tobacco products to persons under the age of 18 years. In most communities, compliance with this law is poor. This study provides estimates of teenage cigarette smoking and the illegal sale of cigarettes to minors in 1990 in each of New York's 57 counties and in New York City. Results show that in New York State, approximately 135,700 teens between the ages of 12 and 17 years are regular cigarette smokers. Data available on the cigarette consumption and purchasing habits of teenage smokers reveal that nearly 21.9 million packs of cigarettes were sold illegally to minors in 1991 in New York State. This finding underscores the fact that cigarette sales to underage youth in New York is big business, representing $39.5 million in sales annually. Government officials should consider levying an illegal drug profit tax on the cigarette industry to recover the millions in profits derived annually from the illegal sale of cigarettes to children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[Anatomical correction of the main vessels transposition. Echocardiographic estimation of cardiac parameters preoperatively and in immediate period after the operation].

Radical anatomic correction--operation of arterial switch--is performed in the main vessels transposition in majority of the world big cardiosurgical clinics, but its late results are studied insufficiently yet. Echocardiographic cardiac parameters preoperatively and in immediate postoperative period after anatomic correction in the main vessels transposition were presented. Comparative analysis of indexes, including estimation of anatomy and function of cardiac ventricles, depending on initial data and terms of the operation performance was conducted.

Echocardiography↗
PubMed2000

Dermatology--24th Hawaii Seminar. 7-12 February 2000, Big Island, HI, USA.

At this seminar, several encouraging developments were demonstrated in various areas of dermatology practice. Much attention was focused on topical tacrolimus, the US approval of which, for the treatment of atopic dermatitis is much anticipated. The general consensus from trials was that the drug is safe and effective, and it is hoped that it will be of use in pediatric cases. Additional data were presented regarding the use of cyclosporin in psoriasis patients, with some evidence that low doses could be delivered safely with adequate monitoring. Safety was an issue in many of the sessions, reflecting the increasing involvement of potentially toxic therapies within dermatology. The debate regarding the use of topical tretinoin during pregnancy continues, and pharmacokinetic evidence was presented to demonstrate that systemic absorption of the drug is minimal. The range of diseases treated by topical imiquimod may be expanded with data suggesting that it may have benefits in the treatment of basal cell carcinomas. Surgical dermatology also featured heavily in the meeting, reflecting the more interventional approaches favored by dermatologists today.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

The cII locus in the MutaMouse system.

Here, we report the first application and characterization of the cII locus as a mutational target for use with the Muta(trade mark)Mouse system for quantifying somatic mutations in vivo. This locus can be analyzed for mutations using positive selection and is identical in sequence to the cII in the Big Blue((R)) Mouse. The cII displays similar spontaneous (5.5 x 10(-5)) and induced mutation frequencies when compared to the lacZ gene in the small intestine of MutaMice treated with ENU (N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea). After acute treatment with 250 mg/kg ENU (ip) the mutant frequencies were 127 x 10(-5) at the cII and 147 x 10(-5) at the lacZ loci, reaching a maximal mutant frequency 10 days posttreatment and remaining constant thereafter. These data prove that this transgene is genetically neutral, conferring neither selective advantage nor disadvantage on the host cells. The cII dose response curve was linear (R(2) = 0.93) comparable to the lacZ after treatments with 0, 50, 150, or 250 mg/kg ENU. Use of the cII locus (0.3 kb) addresses the single most significant drawback associated with the MutaMouse system, namely the inability to obtain sequence spectra efficiently, due to the large size of the lacZ gene (3.0 kb). Moreover, a less obvious application, but nevertheless of considerable importance, is the easy identification of jackpot mutations, without sequencing. The cII, identical in both sequence and origin on the transgenic constructs used in producing the Big Blue and MutaMouse systems, provides the first transgenic locus common to the two widely used in vivo mutagenesis assays.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computer-aided system for diabetes care in Berlin, G.D.R.

In the Centre of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders of Berlin, G.D.R., a computer-aided care system has been used since 1974, aiming at relieving physicians and medical staff from routine tasks and rendering possible epidemiological research on an unselected diabetes population of a defined area. The basis of the system is the data bank on diabetics (DB), where at present data from approximately 55,000 patients are stored. DB is used as a diabetes register of Berlin. On the basis of standardised criteria of diagnosis and therapy of diabetes mellitus in our dispensary care system, DB facilitates representative epidemiological analyses of the diabetic population, e.g. prevalence, incidence, duration of diabetes, and modes of treatment. The availability of general data on the population or the selection of specified groups of patients serves the management of the care system. Also, it supports the computer-aided recall of type II diabetics, treated either with diet alone or with diet and oral drugs. In this way, the standardised evaluation of treatment strategies in large populations of diabetics is possible on the basis of uniform metabolic criteria (blood glucose plus urinary glucose). The system consists of a main computer in the data processing unit and of personal computers in the diabetes centre which can be used either individually or as terminals to the main computer. During 14 years of experience, the computer-aided out-patient care of type II diabetics has proved efficient in a big-city area with a large population.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed2002

[Inflammatory pseudotumor of paranasal sinuses].

Inflammatory pseudotumor is a rare benign lesion of unknown etiology which was first described in the lung. In head and neck the areas most commonly involved are the orbit and paranasal sinuses, but they have been also described in the larynx, pterygomaxilar space, tonsils, ears, gingiva and other periodontal tissues. We present a case of a 64 years old male who presented a three months history of right nasal obstruction. Physical examination showed a big nasal tumor arising from the nostril. CT scan shows nasal fossa mass with a normal paranasal sinuses. Histology made the diagnosis of an inflammatory pseudotumor. The lesion was surgically removed trough a midface degloving approach. The patient has no signs of recurrence two years after surgery. Data about diagnosis, treatment and outcome of inflammatory pseudotumors is revised also in this paper.

Biopsy↗
PubMed2005

Auxin inhibits endocytosis and promotes its own efflux from cells.

One of the mechanisms by which signalling molecules regulate cellular behaviour is modulating subcellular protein translocation. This mode of regulation is often based on specialized vesicle trafficking, termed constitutive cycling, which consists of repeated internalization and recycling of proteins to and from the plasma membrane. No such mechanism of hormone action has been shown in plants although several proteins, including the PIN auxin efflux facilitators, exhibit constitutive cycling. Here we show that a major regulator of plant development, auxin, inhibits endocytosis. This effect is specific to biologically active auxins and requires activity of the Calossin-like protein BIG. By inhibiting the internalization step of PIN constitutive cycling, auxin increases levels of PINs at the plasma membrane. Concomitantly, auxin promotes its own efflux from cells by a vesicle-trafficking-dependent mechanism. Furthermore, asymmetric auxin translocation during gravitropism is correlated with decreased PIN internalization. Our data imply a previously undescribed mode of plant hormone action: by modulating PIN protein trafficking, auxin regulates PIN abundance and activity at the cell surface, providing a mechanism for the feedback regulation of auxin transport.

Arabidopsis↗
PubMed1995

[Value of the adenosine triphosphate chemosensitivity assay for pre-therapeutic determination of the chemosensitivity of breast cancer cells in cell culture].

UNLABELLED: This presentation gives a summary of the chemosensitivity test results in breast cancer using the ATP-Cell-Viability Assay (ATP-CVA). Other assays and test systems for chemosensitivity testing are also evaluated. Our results with the ATP-CVA in breast cancer cell lines showed that this test system is a reproducible and reliable tool in the screening of new drugs. Our results with drug combinations showed that with the ATP-CVA and the "median effect principle" synergistic and antagonistic effects can be reliably calculated. The application of the ATP- CVA in fresh human breast cancer made it possible to test tumor chemosensitivity in individual patients. We found an evaluability rate of the ATP-CVA of 95% in 116 patients. The chemosensitivity profiles of the tested tumors revealed a big heterogeneity of chemosensitivity results for single and drug combinations. The 22 in vitro/in vivo correlations from patients with metastatic breast cancer treated with at least three cycles of chemotherapy showed a sensitivity of the ATP-CVA of 92% and a specificity of 89%. CONCLUSIONS: These data are encouraging and further investigations on chemosensitivity testing of fresh tumours are currently ongoing in a prospective study at the University of Zurich.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1986

Coupling of carbon and water interactions in forest stands.

Some measured values of the ratio transpiration rate/assimilation rate (E/A) for a Sitka spruce stand in Scotland and an oak-hickory stand are presented and compared with E/A for some agricultural crops. Typical midday values of E/A (on a molar basis) range from 100 to 900. Analysis suggests that this variation can be explained by differences in climate, canopy conductance and degree of coupling of the vegetation to the atmosphere. During the day, E/A varied considerably in the tree stands at the same time as there were changes in radiation, vapor saturation deficit and temperature. A lumped parameter, 'big leaf' model of canopy transpiration and assimilation was used to provide insight into how this complex of variables might influence E/A. The model predicted little response to radiation, but increase in E/A with increasing vapor saturation deficit and temperature, in agreement with the trends in the data. It was concluded that there is a great need for measurements of E/A of stands in relation to nutrient and water stress.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Role of endothelin-1/endothelin receptor system in endotoxic shock rats.

Endothelin (ET)-1, a potent vasoconstrictor peptide derived from the endothelium, is markedly increased in endotoxic shock, although the pathophysiological role of ET-1 under septic conditions remains obscure. To delineate the role of ET-1 and its receptor subtype in endotoxic shock, we here attempted to determine the changes of circulating levels of ET-1 and its biosynthetic intermediate big ET-1 in endotoxic shock rats, to evaluate the gene expression of ET-1 as well as the ET-1 receptor subtypes (ETA and ETB) in the heart, lung and liver, and to study the effects of ET receptor antagonists on systemic arterial blood pressure, heart rate and survival rate. Administration of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) caused profound hypotension, increased heart rate and death, and these effects were blocked by a nonselective ETA/ETB receptor antagonist (TAK044), but not by an ETA selective antagonist (BQ123). Administration of exogenous ET-1 caused a profound pressor response in control rats, but not in the LPS-pretreated rats. Injection of LPS caused marked elevation of plasma levels of both ET-1 and big ET-1, which were not affected by treatment with either ET receptor antagonist. Administration of LPS caused up-regulation of ET-1 and ETB receptor mRNA in the heart, whereas ETA receptor mRNA was markedly down-regulated in the heart, lung and liver. These data suggest differential gene regulation of ET-1 and its receptor subtypes in various organs from endotoxic shock rats, and that nonselective ETA/ETB receptor antagonist, but not ETA receptor antagonist, ameliorates endotoxin-induced hypotension and death.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Korean patterns of women's labor force participation during the period, 1960-1980.

"This article investigates how the patterns of Korean women's labor force participation have changed during the 1960s and the 1970s, [periods] of rapid economic development and social changes. The discussion focuses on the comparison of three sets of cross-sectional data derived from the 1960, 1970 and 1980 [Republic of Korea] censuses. Although not dramatic, the gross rates of women's labor force participation show an upward trend. A very high and rapidly increasing rate of rural women's labor force participation did not result in a big increase in the total rate because of the significant rise in the proportion of the population living in urban areas. However, the employment structure and patterns of women's labor force participation have changed significantly, especially in urban areas."

Asia↗
PubMed2003

[Circulating immune complexes in ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes].

The study aimed at determination of circulating immune complexes (CIC) levels in a serum of patients with ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes, isolation of the complexes and their antigen composition identification. Spectrophotometric assay, polyethylene glycol precipitation and SDS PAG electrophoresis were used. Comparing to controls, significantly elevated levels of both small and big CIC were detected in the serum of the patients with ischemic stroke, while in the patients with hemorrhage stroke only the level of small CIC was elevated. The antigen CIC composition was specific for each stroke form and for control group either. Being compared to literature data, the results obtained revealed a specificity of the antigen CIC composition in ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Evaluation of periodontium status and periodontal needs in persons aged 35-44 years in Poland].

The aim of this study was providing current, objective and comparable with the world literature data on the frequency of occurrence and the intensity of periodontal diseases in the age group 35-44 years. During the surveys the WHO card from 1986 was used. The condition of periodontium the periodontal treatment needs were assessed by CPITN (Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs) with use of 621 WHO probe. One thousand three hundred and eighty persons in nine districts of Poland were examined, with regard to three living areas: big cities, small towns and the rural ones. The results of surveys accomplished in Poland indicate that the achievement of the second health purpose, designed by World Health Organization for the year 2000 in the field of periodontal tissues is unattainable. This is because, according to the second health purpose, 75% of the population at the age of 35-44 years ought to have three health sextants, and deep picketing can occur in maximum 5% of the population. Unfortunately, only in 7.1% of persons examined at least three healthy sextants were found. They were disclosed considerably more often in women (9.1%) than in men (5.1%). Deep periodontal pocketing of 6 mm and more were found in 15% of persons examined. They were detected considerably more frequently in men (18.4%) than in women (11.3%). By comparison of data pertaining to individual districts (Tab. 1-5), it turned out that the worst conditions of periodontium occurred in Białostockie, where there was not a single person with healthy periodontium. Better results were recorded in Gdańskie, which must be the effect of systematical health education. Periodontal treatment needs among the persons examined are enormous. Almost 100% of persons require both instruction of brushing teeth and time consuming professional procedures of removal of the concrement on the teeth. Fifteen per cent of the persons need specialized treatment. These proportions varied differently in the surveyed districts, only 5% in Dgańskie and from 21.7% to 23.9% in Białostockie, Wrocłlawskie and Krakowskie. However the proportions of those needs in Poland are much bigger than in other European countries, and differ considerably from the marked second periodontal health purpose for the year 2000.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

From the big bang to the brain.

Current research on the capacities of the infant has lead to a better understanding of developmental processes underlying cognition and motor skill acquisition. ASHA's Eighth Annual Research Symposium on Infant-Toddler Development, in November 1998, included a presentation on developmental cognitive science by Dr. Andrew Meltzoff and a presentation on motor skill acquisition by Dr. Esther Thelen. The theoretical constructs and data presented served to broaden our current perspectives on infant abilities. The data reported by Meltzoff and Thelen challenged several long-standing theories of infant cognition and motor development. Alternative theoretical models were used to describe skill acquisition during the first several years of life. Our response will include a brief summary of each investigator's presentation, discuss their findings with respect to research in the area of infant speech physiology and production, and provide possible future directions and challenges for individuals conducting developmental research.

Cognition↗
PubMed2000

[Big differences in the frequency of polypharmacy between physicians].

Polypharmacy, the simultaneous use of multiple drugs, is associated with adverse drug reactions, medication errors, and increased risk of hospitalisation. When the number of drugs is five or more (major polypharmacy), a significant risk may be present. We analysed the prevalence of major polypharmacy among listed patients, and identified possible predictors of major polypharmacy related to the practice. Prescription data were retrieved from the Odense Pharmaco-epidemiological Database and the age and sex standardised prevalence rate of major polypharmacy was calculated for each practice (n = 173). Possible predictors of major polypharmacy related to the GPs were analysed by backward stepwise linear multiple regression. A six-fold variation between practices in the prevalence of major polypharmacy was found, i.e. from 16 to 96 per 1000 listed patients (median: 42). Predictors related to the practice structure, workload, clinical work profile, and prescribing profile could explain 56% of the variation.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Fat modification in the diabetes diet.

The modification of dietary fat in the diet of diabetic patients is of interest with respect to metabolic and other consequences of this modification. To begin with the data are reviewed for the use of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) in the diabetes diet. Compared to a carbohydrate-rich diet, glucose concentrations are lower. Blood pressure was also found to be lower. There were no major differences with respect to lipid concentrations. HDL-cholesterol levels tended to be higher after a MUFA-rich diet. In type-1 diabetic patients, the number of circulating big VLDL particles was greater after a MUFA diet than after a carbohydrate-rich diet. Comparisons were also made between diets enriched with MUFA and with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). With respect to lipid concentrations, different groups observed different effects. While one group saw no differences in fasting lipids, they measured a higher remnant-like particle cholesterol after a diet enriched with MUFA. Another group found higher total and LDL-cholesterol levels after a PUFA-rich diet than after a MUFA-diet. In their study, fasting glucose, insulin and fasting chylomicrons and postprandial chylomicrons and VLDL were higher following the PUFA diet. A MUFA-rich diet increased endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilatation in the superficial femoral artery. Alpha-linolenic acid appears to be a precursor of eicospentaenoic and docosahexaenoic fatty acids. As a diet rich in n-6 PUFA reduces this conversion, a n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio not exceeding 4 - 6 should be observed. No prospective data are available for alpha-linolenic acid in diabetic patients. The review summarizes the results of the Lyon Diet Heart Study and the Nurses' Health Study. Both studies saw a reduced cardiovascular risk associated with a higher intake of alpha-linolenic acid. Finally, data on the effects of fish oil are given. The latter has a clearly expressed triglyceride-lowering effect. Data with respect to glucose control are heterogeneous. Major studies did not find any influence in glucose concentrations. Hepatic glucose production and peripheral insulin sensitivity remained constant. Evidently, nerve function can be improved by fish oil. Data have been compiled comparing the effects of fish oil with those of olive oil, linseed oil and sunflower oil.

Diet, Diabetic↗
PubMed1992

Nucleotide sequence of endothelin-1 cDNA from rabbit endothelial cells.

A cDNA encoding rabbit endothelin-1 (ET-1) was isolated by plaque hybridization from a rabbit inferior vena caval endothelial cell lambda gt11 cDNA library using human ET-1 cDNA as the hybridization probe. DNA sequence analysis indicates that mature 21 amino acid rabbit ET-1 is derived from a 202 amino acid precursor, via a 39 amino acid intermediate 'big' ET-1.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1999

Revisiting motion repulsion: evidence for a general phenomenon?

Previous studies have found large misperceptions when subjects are reporting the perceived angle between two directions of motion moving transparently at an acute angle, the so called motion repulsion. While these errors have been assumed to be caused by interactions between the two directions present, we reassessed these earlier measurements taking into account recent findings about directional misperceptions affecting the perception of single motion (reference repulsion). While our measurements confirm that errors in directional judgments of transparent motions can indeed be as big as 22 degrees we find that motion repulsion, i.e. the interaction between two directions, contributes at most about 7 degrees to these errors. This value is comparable to similar repulsion effects in orientation perception and stereoscopic depth perception, suggesting that they share a common neural basis. Our data further suggest that fast time scale adaptation and/or more general interactions between neurons contribute to motion repulsion while tracking eye movements play little or no role. These findings should serve as important constraints for models of motion perception.

Adaptation, Psychological↗