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At least 883 records · Page 49Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Analysis of the recent use of an anonymous FTP server in the University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan].

An analysis of the recent use of an Anonymous FTP Server in the University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan for the distribution of software and documents through Internet was examined. The following points were confirmed. The use of the Anonymous FTP server for receiving files from outside the university rapidly increased after making the Anonymous FTP server public. The average file transfer rate in use from outside the university was less than ten percentage points from that of local use. The time for local use was stabilized, but the time for use outside the university was variable.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1999

Occupational exposures and knowledge of universal precautions among medical students.

PURPOSE: To examine the relationship between occupational exposures and knowledge of universal precautions among medical students. METHOD: Graduating medical students were given a survey regarding occupational exposures suffered during their clinical rotations. The survey also tested students' knowledge of universal precautions by asking them to indicate what combination of gloves, mask, and eyeshields should be worn to satisfy universal precautions for ten common procedures. RESULTS: At a seminar one week before graduation, 45 senior medical students were given the questionnaire. The response rate was 100% 84% of the surveyed students suffered at least one occupational exposure during their clinical training. Of those who had an exposure, 42% reported at least once to an exposure center. The mean percentage of correct answers on the protective equipment questionnaire was 71%. No correlation between number of exposures and score on the protective equipment questionnaire was found (r = 0.0). CONCLUSION: Occupational exposures to blood are common among medical students. Few students report to exposure centers. Knowledge of universal precautions may not correlate with reduced risk of occupational exposures among medical students.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1999

[Management of mycobacteriosis in general hospital without isolation ward for tuberculosis patients. 3. Current status of tuberculosis patient care in university hospitals and general hospitals in Japan].

A recent epidemiological survey has revealed that the incidence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) patients in Japan has just increased again after four decades of decline. In fact, recently there have been numerous reports of TB outbreaks in health-care facilities. Although our medical school hospital does not have TB isolation rooms, we have to take care of more than a few TB patients, most of whom have been transferred from primary care clinics. Although, some of these TB patients have highly infectious (sputum smear positive), most of them have not been diagnosed as having highly infectious TB, and therefore, some of their patients ultimately have to be retransferred to a TB hospital. This indicates that most physicians in primary care clinics have little knowledge about TB. This may be partly because of lack of training regarding TB during their medical student days and residencies. To elucidate current TB patient care status in university hospitals in Japan, a survey of physicians working in such hospitals was conducted from September 1997 to January 1998. The survey (questionnaire) revealed that the majority (76%) of these hospitals do not have TB isolation rooms. However, these hospitals have to take care of TB patients in their outpatient clinics and sometimes on their wards because the patients have serious complications that can not be treated in ordinary TB hospitals. The survey also showed that for this reason and from an educational point of view, the majority of the physicians (90%) working in these hospitals thought that university hospitals should have isolation rooms for such patients. Another questionnaire revealed that few physicians and nurses in university hospitals have sufficient experiences in taking care of TB patients. This situation may have been responsible for producing physicians with little knowledge about TB. Recent scientific advances have made it possible to construct TB isolation rooms in ordinary wards by means of separate ventilation systems. Although combatting TB requires a variety of strategies, appropriate education for both medical students and residents using isolation rooms in university hospitals may be an effective means of preventing spread of TB, and this approach may also increase awareness concerning the prevention of TB outbreaks in hospitals and health-care facilities.

Hospitals, General↗
PubMed1982

The University Health Policy Consortium's Center for Health Policy Analysis and Research.

In 1978, the University Health Policy Consortium, composed of Boston University, Brandeis University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, established the Center for Health Policy Analysis and Research for the purpose of conducting relevant policy analyses and short-term research projects for the Health Care Financing Administration. The center has completed more than fifty analytical works since its inception and concentrates its research in three major health care areas: the financing and organization of long-term care, medical care quality, and acute care financing. The flexibility of the Center's organizational structure allows the staff of the three cooperating universities to pursue new topics while maintaining an interdisciplinary approach to emerging public policy problems.

Health Policy↗
PubMed2000

History of the Public Health Institute of Semmelweis Medical University, Budapest.

The science of public health of the XVIIIth century named politia medica together with medicina forensis became an independent obligatory subject in 1793 at the Medical Faculty of the Hungarian Royal University of Science. The independent Public Health Institute of the Medical Faculty was established in 1874. The first professor of public health was József Fodor who attained international reputation during his professorship. He organized training for school physicians and health teachers first in Europe and he organized courses for medical officers and for military doctors. He held courses for law-, engineer- and architect-students. He promoted all fields of the public health. His research on the bactericide effect of serum places him among the founders of immunology. Fodor's successors at the Chair of Public Health were Leó Liebermann whose research activities included physico-chemistry, biochemistry, microbiology and social hygiene; Gusztáv Rigler who focused on the epidemiology of communicable diseases, on the health effects of spa treatment and mineral waters. The next famous professor was Gyula Darányi. His scientific field was public health bacteriology and public health chemistry. They were followed by József Melly and László Dabis (Scheff). After the Second World War fundamental changes took place in the life of the university. The Faculty of Medicine was separated from the University of Science on February 1, 1951 and became an independent university under the control of the Ministry of Health. In 1953 the Institute of Public Health was cut into two separate institutes: Institute of Public Health and Institute for the Organization of Health Service. The Institute of Public Health was transformed to Institute of Public Health and Epidemiology in 1973. The Institute for the Organization of Health Service was transformed into Institute of Social Medicine and History of Medicine in 1985 and later into Institute of History of Medicine and Social Medicine in 1991. The Institute of Public Health and Epidemiology and The Institute of History of Medicine and Social Medicine were reunited as Institute of Public Health in 1997. The Institute teaches public health to medical, dental and pharmacy students in Hungarian, in English and in German.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed2000

A universal precautions education intervention for health workers in Sardjito and PKU Hospital Indonesia.

A non-randomized control trial was conducted to develop and evaluate a culturally appropriate academic detailing intervention on the universal precautions knowledge, attitude and behavior of health care workers in hospitals. Fivety-five health care workers (44 nurses and 11 doctors) participated in the study. They were visited individually to discuss principles of universal precautions as well as the effect of automatic pilot on their work practices. Self-reported measures of knowledge and attitudes were collected from each participant before and after the intervention. A nurse observer collected measures of participants' compliance with the universal precautions guidelines according to a pre-determined protocol before and after the intervention. There was a significantly different level of knowledge, attitudes and compliance on universal precautions between the control and intervention hospital with p=0.0007, p=0.038 and p=0.03 respectively following the intervention. It is concluded that an academic detailing approach of education used in this study has significantly improved knowledge, attitudes and compliance scores.

Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Development of biochemistry in the Biology Department of Kharkhov State University. Formation of a new direction--physiology and biochemistry of aging].

The article presents some data on teaching Biochemistry at the Nature Department of Kharkiv Imperial University Physico-Mathematical Faculty, as well as restoration of biochemical education and scientific researches as a result of the University reorganization in the Soviet period and foundation of the Biochemistry Chair at the Biological Faculty in the renovated Kharkiv State University. The analysis of scientific biochemical investigations conducted in the Kharkiv University till now is revealed. The special attention is paid to development of such a scientific trend as age physiology and biochemistry. The article deals with the comprehensive information on scientific and pedagogical activity of the outstanding scientists such as O. V. Nagorny and I. M. Bulankin as founders of the Kharkiv school of age physiology and biochemistry. The work has utilized some archive data.

Aging↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Motivation and expectations of graduate nursing students at the university of Padova].

The correct planning of a educational university process requires the knowledge of students' motivations, aspirations and socio-cultural profile. The aim of this study is to describe the students of University of Padua Nursing school recently enrolled during the academic year 1998/99, focusing on the motivations of their choice and the expectations on the university course. The data were collected through a questionnaire on 50 different questions concerning: age, sex, address, previous school experience, professional aspirations, problems in learning and following the course of the study, influence of advertising in choosing the school, ideal and concept of the role of nurse, expectation on the University course, knowledge on the didactic plan and future job availability. The study investigated 195 (84 from Padua, 54 from Treviso and 49 from Feltre, side branches) students. Out of 195 tests, 85.5% were females averaging 21.1 years and 14.4 were males averaging 22.5 years. Mean high school degree score was 42.8 (valid score from 36 to 60). 50.6% of the students are resident in the school site (main site or side branches) of the school. 85.5% of the students are living with theirs parents. The choice of the school was principally due to: future job availability (95%), humanitarian reasons (94%), scientific interest (87%), social consideration (85%). The study activities were the students' most frequent expected difficulty. The choose of the course of study was influenced by: parents suggestion (39%), friends suggestion (28%), advertisement and conferences in the high school (21%), papers (18%). Very important factor was found previous voluntary sanitary experiences.

Attitude↗
PubMed2001

[The evaluation of smoking and alcohol consumption by university students in Gdańsk].

Anonymous questionnaire examination were performed among 1585 students from eight universities in Gdańsk, including 664 men and 921 women from 17 to 48 (mean 21.4 +/- 2.26) years old. Alcohol was consumed by 1452 (91.61%) students, including 91.53% women and 91.72% men. Both men and women preferred beer, respectively, 73.7% and 50.6%. In three-stage AUDIT-test (alcohol drinking dangerous to health) including 716 (45.2%) students, most of them in stage A (81.6%); in stage B about 8.2% comprised while there were about 10.2% in stage C students. Alcohol consumption carried the lowest risk (stage A) among students of Medical University while corresponding risk was the highest among students of Maritime High School. Among respondents drinking alcohol dangerously to health there were significantly more persons who did drugs (73.7%). Students qualified to the AUDIT test smoked cigarettes significantly more often than the rest of the examined population. Smokers amounted to 399 (25.2%) students, including 224 (26.3%) women and 157 (23.6%) men. The difference in figures was statistically non-significant. Among smoking respondents the students of Fine Arts Academy constituted the majority, while those of Medical University and of University School of Physical Education were in minority. Catholic Priest Seminary respondents did not have the relevant experiences.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Rebirth of the university hospital: the Finnish strategy.

Like the academic hospitals worldwide, the Finnish university hospitals are under increasing economical pressures seeking ways to re-assess their traditional missions. It is strongly felt that new solutions within the field of evaluative sciences could bring added value to university hospitals. In this vein, university hospitals must take a leading position in assessing efficacy, (cost-)effectiveness and, ultimately, cost-utility of both traditional and emerging clinical technologies. This will affect the research culture of university hospitals both profoundly and permanently.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
PubMed2001

Anxiety, stress and coping strategies among University of South Pacific students.

This study set out to examine the relationship between stressors and coping strategies utilized by students, as well the prevalence of depression, anxiety and social dysfunction amongst this group within the cross-cultural framework of the University of the South Pacific (USP). Respondents included students from 10 countries served the University of the South Pacific. The research instrument constituted a questionnaire based on demographic variables plus three scales to elicit responses pertaining to stressors, depression and coping strategies. The findings highlight a number of variables that should be of at least some concern to the University with respect to the aforesaid areas mentioned. Regarding demographics, the data reveal a close parity between gender proportions, a relatively young student population and most of them transiting between the first and third years of studies. In terms of stress and depression, a minority of respondents reported stress-related problems and furthermore, small numbers made use of mental and counseling services provided by the University and other parties concerned. In terms of coping, quite a large number of coping variables were utilized by respondents in coming to terms with problems. The study concludes with implications regarding the role of USP in the light of stress and depression-related concerns revealed in the findings.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2001

The liberal arts and nursing programme at the University of Maine, 1939-1956. A study of leadership behaviours and organisational structure.

The trend for nursing programmes affiliated with universities in the US began in 1909 but did not gain momentum until the 1960s with the demise of hospital schools of nursing. During the period of time covered in this study, beginning in the 1930s, a hybrid of the present day university-based nursing programme began to appear. These 'cooperative' programmes often sandwiched traditional hospital experience between years of university course work and involved a five-year commitment on the part of students. In 1939 a liberal arts and nursing programme was established at the University of Maine. It continued to operate until 1956 and then ceased to exist. In this descriptive historical study the author investigates why this particular programme was initiated, of what it consisted, and why it had failed. Primary sources accessed included original correspondence, curriculum descriptions, faculty and students reports, and administrative policies. Leadership and organisational behaviour theory was utilised as well as identification of the historical nursing backdrop. Oral history was also utilised for the purpose of verification of written data. Analysis of the data suggests implications for nursing educators and administrators, as well as telling a story of the power of nursing when viewed in the context of constituency groups in a sociopolitical model of organisations. This paper was first presented at the History of Nursing Millennium Conference in Edinburgh in July 2000.

Curriculum↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Personality characteristics and mental health of university students.

The selective review of the enormous literature on student personality development and mental health shows that three sets of variables have been found to influence the personality of the university student. These variables include pre-university factors, contemporary experience in the university and the status of the student as an adolescent or young adult. As very little information is presently available on the psychology of the African university student, there is urgent need for systematic research in this area.

Africa↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Establishing a doctor of philosophy program in nursing in an historically black college or University.

The planning and implementing of a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) program at Southern University Agricultural & Mechanical College in Baton Rouge, LA (SUBR), an Historically Black College or University (HBCU), are discussed. The steps for initiating this new program in Southern University School of Nursing (SUSON) are included. Background information on the university and the Graduate Nursing Program. The use of consultants, their recommendations for program development, and the SUSON's responses to these recommendations are presented. Additional information is provided about the need for offering the PhD, program objectives, strengths of the SON, the Office of Nursing Research, funded research, faculty development, the curriculum, and financial assistance for students.

Black or African American↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Work and health conditions at a Venezuelan university].

OBJECTIVE: To identify occupational exposure to hazards among Venezuelan university (UN) workers. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 1999 to assess occupational exposure among UN workers. Potentially hazardous events (PH) and their causes were identified. The study population consisted of 90 workers of both genders, working in any of the 24 areas classified as critical by university authorities. Work area and individual surveys were carried out. Data collected included demographic characteristics, occupational clinical history, hazardous occupational exposures, use of personal protection equipment, and knowledge about occupational risks and habits. Clinical-toxicological tests were performed. The major chemical, physical, biological, mechanical, and ergonomic PH were identified, as well as the degree of risk (DR) for each area. Central tendency and dispersion measures were calculated, in addition to association and statistical significance measures, as appropriate. RESULTS: A positive, significant correlation was found between time working in the university and the number of signs and symptoms reported by workers. No correlation was found between the number of signs and symptoms and age and gender. Symptoms were mainly non-specific. CONCLUSIONS: There are several potentially hazardous processes in the different occupational areas of the university. Recommendations are issued to implement prevention programs with appropriate recording of occupational accidents, and morbidity and mortality, to aid in the timely detection of occupational illnesses and accidents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

The medical examination and biological selection of university students in Nazi Germany.

This article looks at the history of the medical inspection and biological selection of students in the Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany. It discusses the emergence of regular medical inspection of various social groups, including students, in the 1920s and explains why the Nazis were so eager to make health inspections--complete with anthropological and racial surveys--an integral part of the admission process to German universities. It examines why certain individuals, mainly young physicians, complied with the Nazi laws and why others, such as female and fraternity students, older and established physicians in the university clinics, and university administrators, sought to sabotage the procedures. Finally, it explains the failure of biological selection on university campuses in the context of the evolving educational and social policies of the Nazi regime.

Germany↗
PubMed2003

Health education and food safety behavior in the university setting.

Health education in colleges and universities offers an opportunity to reach a captive audience of young people in order to promote a lifetime of healthy behavior. University health education typically focuses on topics such as alcohol and substance abuse, sexual behavior, and nutrition. Environmental health issues are not a prominent component of university health education, even though an understanding of a healthy environment is critical to promoting overall health. Food safety is an environmental health issue of particular concern in universities since many young adults prepare their own meals for the first time there. Food safety questions from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey were used to assess the behaviors of 354 upper-level undergraduate students. Findings from the survey indicate that students are engaging in risky food consumption and handling behaviors and that the educational techniques mandated by the federal government are ineffective in reaching college students.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Knowledge and practice of universal precautions among nurses in central hospital, Benin-City, Edo State, Nigeria.

Nurses are faced with professional hazards such as needle pricks and blood-borne infections in their day to day activities in the work place. This study is aimed at finding out the knowledge and practice of universal precautions among nurses at the Central Hospital, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. One hundred and fifty-five (155) nurses participated in the cross-sectional study. The nurses were selected using the stratified random sampling method. The nurses had a poor knowledge about universal precautions as only 34.2% of nurses had heard about universal precautions. There was also a poor observance of universal precautions. Knowledge of measures to be taken after the occurrence of occupational accidents/ injuries was also poor, as only 26(16.8%) nurses would report puncture injuries to the clinic, only 13(8.4%) nurses would screen patients for HIV antibody after consent when they sustain work related accident/injuries. Twelve (7.7%) nurses would screen patient to determine hepatitis B status of patient while only 8(5.2%) nurses would go for medical check-up/immunisation with hepatitis B vaccine.

Adult↗