Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Truth Disclosure”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 883 records · Page 49Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Poor conditions of detention compromise ethical standards.

The ethical standards of police surgeons are being compromised by conflict between obligations to their paymasters, the police authorities, and their responsibilities to their patients, when these patients are prisoners detained in unacceptable conditions and where even minimum standards of medical care and management are difficult to deliver.

Conflict of Interest↗
PubMed1990

Prenatal screening: professional standards and the limits of parental choice.

Medicine has a strong tradition of respect for parental autonomy in reproductive decisions. As prenatal diagnostic technology develops, the physician's obligation to the prospective parents with respect to prenatal screening must be determined, and standards for disclosure of diagnostic capabilities and results must be developed. This article explores potential justifications for limits on parental choice in prenatal screening. Information about screening capabilities can be limited appropriately when resources do not exist to ensure accurate testing and counseling. Other policy limits to parental information and choice based on risk levels, cost-benefit analyses, or harms to the parent-child relationship cannot be established without broad consensus on complex ethical issues. Limits to parental choice may be more appropriately applied through the moral values of individual physicians in their provision of diagnostic services.

Abortion, Eugenic↗
PubMed1985

Care of the young hemophiliac. New socioeconomic demands and the changing patient-physician relationship.

Over the past two decades, greater knowledge about hemophilia and vastly improved treatment have led to a veritable revolution in the care of this crippling disease. In prospect is an era in which both short- and long-term sequelae may be avoided altogether. Much of the progress has been effected through novel methods of care delivery in which the relationship of the physician and his patient begins to resemble more a partnership between equals than the traditional dependency of the chronically handicapped on his doctor. Yet with, and because of, these changes ethical and legal aspects are inevitably introduced, some of which are discussed in the article. These deal with issues of public policy, distributive justice, avoidance of harm, risk imposition and risk-taking, confidentiality, and paternalism. When applicable, the discussion surrounds a prototypical case which illustrates the real dilemmas which treaters and patients may have experienced or may encounter. Following each issue is a discussion intended to show how the ethical and legal dimensions may be analyzed in a way which allows certain justifiable decisions. These analyses are themselves based upon ethical premises which are commonly accepted, legal precedent, or both. While some of these considerations are relevant to the older hemophiliac as well, most deal with topics affecting those most likely to benefit from the advances and to contend with the challenges of this new era of hemophilia care: the young hemophiliac and his physician.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Genetic testing and insurance. The Ad Hoc Committee on Genetic Testing/Insurance Issues.

The rapid expansion of opportunities for genetic testing has been accompanied by complex questions about the appropriate relationships between providers, patients, and insurers. Some of these questions involve large public-policy decisions, such as whether the government should guarantee access to health care for all citizens. Universal access to health care, without regard to past, present, or future risk of disease, could eliminate risk-oriented underwriting in health-care coverage. A positive response to that question will ameliorate other problems. Until universal access is reality, genetic testing and genetic diagnosis will raise important issues for the practicing geneticist. How much does a client need to know about insurance implications before consenting to a genetic test? Should patients be counseled to purchase insurance before being tested? Should genetic information be excluded from medical records before their release to insurance companies for routine reimbursements or underwriting? What are the ethical and legal responsibilities of the geneticist?

Confidentiality↗
PubMed1993

Addiction and the law: confidentiality to disclosure.

With growing demands for access to medical records, confidentiality and privacy will increasingly compete with professional desire for collaboration and the need for reimbursement. Physicians need to be aware of medicolegal safeguards.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1991

Identifying pregnant women who drink alcoholic beverages.

This randomized 2 x 2 study compared disclosure rates of alcohol use with two response formats (multiple choice and dichotomous) and two communication channels (oral and written) in an adult prenatal population (N = 1078). The multiple choice question improved disclosure, regardless of channel, by 40% across white, African-American, and Hispanic subgroups.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Informing offspring of their conception by gamete donation.

The Ethics Committee supports disclosure from parents to offspring about the use of donor gametes in their conception. The merits of further disclosure are discussed, and suggestions are made for policies for programs and sperm banks.

Adoption↗
PubMed1998

The disclosure decision: concerns and issues of parents of children conceived through donor insemination.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to examine the disclosure decision by parents of children conceived by donor insemination. STUDY DESIGN: A qualitative component of a self-administered questionnaire mailed to 184 couples who had become parents by donor insemination encouraged respondents to volunteer their written comments, concerns, or opinions about their disclosure decision. RESULTS: A total of 70 men and 86 women submitted written comments indicating that 54% did not plan to disclose the donor insemination treatment (nondisclosers), 30% indicated they would (disclosers), and 16% remained undecided. The only significant relationship between the disclosure decision and expressed concern was with regard to confidentiality and honesty (chi2 = 99.9, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Whether parents viewed the disclosure issue as one of honesty (disclosers) or confidentiality (nondisclosers) was the major determinant in the decision of whether to tell children about their donor insemination origin. There was no association between disclosure status or gender and expressed concerns about parenting, children, or family relations.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Effects of mode of writing on emotional narratives.

The authors hypothesized that writing longhand about a stressful experience, compared to typing, arouses greater negative emotion. Eighty college students were randomly assigned to describe either a neutral or stressful topic by typing or writing longhand, in a 2 x 2 factorial design. Students describing the stressful topic, compared to the neutral topic, wrote for a longer period, used more words, and reported greater negative and less positive affect. Consistent with prediction, writing about a stressful experience longhand induced greater negative affect than typing, and led to more self-rated disclosure. These findings suggest a method whereby therapists can help patients control their levels of negative affect when producing a trauma narrative.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

The disclosure model versus a developmental illness experience model for children and adolescents living with HIV/AIDS in São Paulo, Brazil.

Whether, how, and when children's HIV/AIDS diagnosis needs to be disclosed to them has received growing attention. This paper describes and conceptualizes how communication about HIV/AIDS influences disease knowledge and psychosocial development in a group of children and adolescents living with perinatally acquired HIV infection in an AIDS institution in São Paulo, Brazil. Data consist of the lived experience of 36 children ages 1 to 15 and was gathered through ethnographic research methodologies: participant observation and semistructured informal interviews. Results show that AIDS diagnosis is not disclosed to children, who experience a growing confusion about the interconnected meanings of sickness, medications, living at a house/institution, and having AIDS. Children younger than 6 learn to accept medication taking and to silence illness-related questions. Seven to 9-year olds perceive that the word AIDS and/or being sick are considered negative attributes, but are confused about how these relate to their lives. Preadolescents' growing awareness of the relationship between their lives and negative social values associated with AIDS produces shame and anger. Adolescents exhibit a poor understanding of the implications of HIV/AIDS for their lives and cynicism toward AIDS care, their future, and information about risks to their health. In conclusion, lack of communication about HIV/AIDS creates a context of confusion and mistrust, is detrimental to psychosocial development and coping, compromises disease knowledge, and increases vulnerability to risk behavior. Providing developmentally appropriate information about HIV/AIDS that matches children's illness experiences at all ages would eliminate the need for disclosure and reduce children's emotional distress.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

The impact of type of out-of-court disclosure in a child sexual assault trial.

This study investigated the impact of type of out-of-court disclosure in a child sexual assault case involving a 6-year-old alleged victim. Community participants read a fictional criminal trial summary of a child sexual assault case in which the alleged victim's out-of-court disclosure of the assault was: (a) complete on two occasions or (b) incomplete at first, but later included the full account of the incident. The results showed that there were more guilty verdicts, higher ratings of the defendant's guilt, and greater belief of the alleged victim when there was full disclosure on two occasions compared to when there was a delay in full disclosure. These results are discussed in terms of the impact the nature of out-of-court disclosure can have when a child testifies in a sexual assault case.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

The relationship of non-disclosure in therapy to shame and depression.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the relationship between shame-proneness, depression, and non-disclosure in therapy in 85 men and women who had received treatment for depression. METHOD: Data were collected by means of a questionnaire, which assessed depressive symptoms, shame-proneness, non-disclosure in therapy, and reasons for non-disclosure. RESULTS: In total, 54% of the respondents reported concealing depression-related symptoms and behaviours or other distressing experiences from their therapist. Shame was the most frequently reported reason for non-disclosure overall, but was a more frequent reason for non-disclosure of symptoms than experiences. Similarly, shame-proneness was significantly related to non-disclosure of symptoms but not to non-disclosure of experiences. For participants no longer in therapy, non-disclosure of symptoms made a significant independent contribution to current level of depressive symptoms after controlling for demographic variables, worst depression, and shame-proneness. CONCLUSIONS: The hypothetical model put forward in this study predicting a significant relationship between shame, non-disclosure in therapy, and current depressive symptomatology was supported. The findings suggest that encouraging and facilitating the disclosure of shameful symptoms and related behaviours has positive implications for the effectiveness of treatment.

Adult↗