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At least 883 records · Page 49Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Radiography of spontaneous periodontitis in dogs.

The pattern and distribution of periodontitis were investigated in 162 randomly selected dogs available for necropsy in veterinary practice. There were 82 males and 80 females of 50 different breeds (150 dogs were pure-bred and 12 were mongrels, aged between 7 months and 14 yr. Presence of periodontitis was determined by assessment of alveolar bone loss on radiographs of the skulls and jaws. Periodontitis occurred frequently with increasing age, although the prevalence varied markedly among and within different breeds. Of the breeds most represented in the sample, periodontitis was most frequently seen in poodles and dachshunds but was rarely recognized in German shepherd dogs. Regardless of age, the vast majority of the dogs displayed either one or both of two different radiographic patterns of alveolar bone loss. One pattern was characterized by slight, horizontal alveolar bone loss involving interradicular and interdental areas. The other pattern was one of predominantly crater-like, or narrow, vertical bone defects which, when advanced, often extended around a single root or tooth to surround the root apices. The two types of patterns did not seem to be breed-dependent. The posterior maxillary and mandibular premolars and molars were the most frequently affected teeth. Alveolar bone loss was most severe in the maxilla, while corresponding bone loss in the mandible was more often related to increasing age.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2002

Feline odontoclastic resorptive lesions an unsolved enigma in veterinary dentistry.

This article presents a comprehensive review of the literature on feline odontoclastic resorptive lesions (FORLs), including etiopathogenesis, prevalence and predisposition, classification, histopathologic appearance, diagnosis, and treatment. Approximately one-third of all domestic cats may develop FORLs during their life span, and the risk of developing FORLs increases with age. Sophisticated dental treatments promise neither cure nor permanent improvement of affected teeth. Extraction is the current treatment of choice. Research on the etiology of FORLs has not been rewarding in recent years, and the causative factors contributing to the development of FORLs are still unknown.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Radiographic follow-up of primary molars following sclerosing amputation].

The effects of pulpotomy with the formocresol technique (Tempophore) were studied in a sample of 72 patients between 3 and 9 years of age. A total of 137 primary molars were treated and a longitudinal radiographical follow-up was executed with an interval of 4 months. Eighteen pulpotomies (13%) failed; in twelve of them an interradicular abscess was developing and 6 of them failed by internal resorption. It was striking that a rather great number of the failures occurred under 3 years of age and in patients older than 9 years. A second remarkable result was the higher frequency of failures in the mandible (18%) than in the maxilla (4%). This study reveals that the pulpotomy by formocresol is a successful therapy, by which primary molars with extensive carious lesions can be preserved until their usual time of shedding.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2006

Effect of proliferating tissue on transplanted teeth in dogs.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of transplanted proliferating tissue on the regeneration of periodontal ligaments (PDL) in tooth transplantation. STUDY DESIGN: Two weeks after removing the alveolar bone, proliferating tissues were excised and examined for expression of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) using a LightCycler. Next, the teeth to be transplanted (first premolars) were extracted and PDLs were removed by scaling. After that, the first premolar teeth and proliferating tissues for the experimental group were transplanted into bone cavities created at the sites of the third and fourth premolars, while the control sites received teeth only. Finally, 1, 2, and 4 weeks later, the animals were sacrificed and specimens were collected and processed for histopathologic examination. RESULTS: bFGF and ALPmRNA showed a significant increase in the transplanted proliferating tissue. Transplantation of the proliferating tissues positively affected the formation of new cementum and PDL. Moreover, application of the transplanted proliferating tissues decreased the occurrence and extent of ankylosis and root resorption at the root surface. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that transplanted proliferating tissue may promote the regeneration of periodontal tissue and prevent ankylosis and root resorption following the transplantation of teeth.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed2000

[Biological basis of orthodontic tooth movement].

The effect of orthodontic therapy is dependent of the biological possibilities and limitations of the dento-alveolar complex. Biomechanical effects determine the first phase of tooth movement. In the second phase hyalinisation occurs in almost all cases. Elimination of the hyalinised tissue is associated with undermining bone resorption. Next, 'real' tooth movement starts. At the pressure side the normal structure of the periodontal ligament is destroyed and so is the tooth attachment. At the tension side deposition of trabecular bone is found and the tooth attachment remains. The regulation of these processes is still not completely understood, but cytokines and growth factors play an important role. The biological system does not react according to a simple dose-response relation and large individual differences in susceptibility of the system exist.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1991

Regeneration of calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactive nerves in replanted rat molars and their supporting tissues.

First maxillary right molars in 66 rats were elevated and replanted and the pulps allowed to regenerate for 1-90 days. The contralateral tooth served as control. Regeneration of nerves in the pulp and periodontium was studied by CGRP-immunohistochemistry and the avidin-biotin-peroxidase method. The pulp and periodontium of the controls were richly supplied with CGRP-labelled nerves. One day after replantation the pulp was completely devoid of CGRP-immunoreactive nerves. After 2 days, axon sprouts were present in the apical, regenerated pulp and in the periodontium. From 3-7 days CGRP-immunoreactive axons were regularly seen to have regenerated in front of the cellular inflammation in the pulp. After 10 days, the pulps were reinnervated up to the horns, although more sparsely than in the controls. From day 20-90 there was a marked divergence in pulpal healing: 17 pulps formed irregular postoperative dentine with a gradual increase in nerve density; 16 pulps remained sparsely innervated and were gradually replaced by bone. Root resorption was most extensive in the teeth with bone replacement of pulp. The soft tissue adjacent to extensive resorbing areas had many more CGRP-labelled axons than in the controls. The reinnervation of the regenerating pulp occurred at the same time as pulpal wound healing, but did not achieve the innervation density of the controls.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An immediate-extraction anterior single-tooth replacement utilizing a fiber-reinforced dual-component bridge.

Replacement of a single anterior tooth is an extremely challenging procedure. Numerous objective and subjective factors must be evaluated by the interdisciplinary team in the determination of the appropriate restorative method. This article reviews the restorative options and describes an emerging treatment modality--the fiber-reinforced dual-component bridge--as the option selected in a case requiring an immediate extraction of the maxillary right central incisor. The pertinent technology, indications, contraindications, and current clinical technique of dual-component nonmetallic prostheses are examined.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Complex odontoma as a periapical and interradicular radiopacity in a primary molar.

Only rarely is a mature complex odontoma seen in a periapical location and in association with a primary tooth. Complex odontomas usually present as a radiopacity with a radiolucent rim. The differential diagnosis must include mature fibro-osseous lesions (e.g. cementoblastoma). Complex odontomas can be differentiated from fibro-osseous lesions because they usually present a nonhomogeneous radiopacity and almost always will present as solitary lesions. For complex odontomas located in the periapical region, the differential diagnosis must include idiopathic periapical osteosclerosis. In this case, the presence of the radiolucent rim and the presence of denser, sharper radiopacities produced by enamel distinguish the odontoma.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Surgical repositioning of traumatically intruded permanent incisor: case report with a 10-year follow up.

This report describes the case of a 10-year-old boy that was referred to the pediatric dentistry clinic 15 days after sustaining a severe traumatism that led to complete intrusion of the maxillary left mature permanent central incisor. The intruded tooth was repositioned by using surgical extrusion. Endodontic therapy was performed with calcium hydroxide-based paste as root canal dressing and root canal filling was performed with a calcium hydroxide-based root sealer and gutta-percha points. The postoperative course was uncomplicated, with both clinical and radiographic success up to 10 years of follow up. In this case surgical repositioning combined with endodontic therapy constituted a viable alternative treatment for intrusive luxations in mature permanent teeth.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Tooth transplantation].

In the light of the thesis of J. Thibault, the authors suggest, in association with transplantation of wisdom tooth buds into the alveolus of the first molar, a technique consisting of placing the graft in its pre-eruptive position, removing in a block the bud, the gubernaculum and the sub-jacent gingival mucosa. Under these conditions, eruption occurs at the same time as development of the roots, which represents the most physiological solution. At the same time as formation of the root, the authors noted a paradoxal rhizalysis, hypercementosis resulting in ankylosis and conservation of vitality. In addition, almost all the teeth transplanted proved to be highly vulnerable to caries.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pathologic changes associated with the angulation of impacted mandibular third molars.

A nine-month clinical and radiographic survey was done on 337 impacted mandibular third molar hospital cases to determine the incidence of caries, alveolar bone loss, and adjacent tooth material loss and the relation of the angulation of the third molar. Sixty percent of the cases was affected by any one of the three pathologic changes; however, individually each lesion registered rates at 42% or lower. The mesioangular orientation registered the highest incidence rates among the four and contributed the most lesions when compared to the four. The majority of mesioangular cases had all three lesions. Thus the presence of the impacted mesioangular third molar should heighten the advocacy for its removal.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Long-term evaluation of pulpotomy in primary molars using mineral trioxide aggregate or formocresol.

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to assess the effect of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) as pulp dressing material following pulpotomy in primary molars with carious pulp exposure and compare them to those of formocresol (FC). METHODS: Of 33 children, primary molars treated via a conventional pulpotomy technique were randomly assigned to the MTA group (33 teeth) or FC group (29 teeth). Clinical and radiographic follow-up ranged between 4 and 74 months. The mean follow-up time was 38 months, with no difference between the groups. Twenty-nine teeth were followed until uneventful shedding (mean=33 months). Failures were detected after a mean period of 16 months (range=4 to 30). RESULTS: The success rate of pulpotomy was 97% for MTA (1 failure) and 83% for FC (5 failures). Eight teeth presented internal resorption. In 4 of them (2 of each group), progress of the resorption process stopped and the pulp tissue was replaced by a radioopaque calcified tissue. Pulp canal obliteration was observed in 58% of the MTA group and in 52% of the FC group (total=55%). CONCLUSIONS: MTA showed a higher (though not statistically significant) long-term clinical and radiographic success rate than formocresol, and can be recommended as its replacement as, unlike FC, MTA does not induce undesirable responses.

Aluminum Compounds↗
PubMed1990

Prognosis of permanent teeth in the line of mandibular fractures.

A total of 45 mandibular fracture patients with 54 teeth in the fracture line were evaluated retrospectively. One tooth in the fracture line was lost in the accident, 6 were extracted later and 47 could be saved (87%). At the follow-up examination 38% of the teeth were diagnosed to have pulp necrosis, which was found more frequently in the older patients and in cases in which the time elapsing between the injury and the follow-up was longer. Pulp necrosis was also more frequent in cases in which the fracture line ran through the apex or dislocation of the fracture parts existed after the injury.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Different treatment outcomes of two intruded permanent incisors--a case report.

Intrusive luxation involves the displacement of the tooth apically into the alveolar socket. This type of injury represents a very complex wound, involving disruption of the marginal gingival seal, alveolar bone, periodontal ligament fibers, cementum and the neuro-vascular supply to the pulp, which results in severely compromised healing and possible complications. The case presented is a report of a 60-year-old lady who fell and intruded her two maxillary central incisors. The healing outcomes of the two central incisors were markedly different from each other even though they sustained similar injuries.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1989

Familial expansile osteolysis.

Familial expansile osteolysis (FEO) is a unique bone dysplasia, which has, over five generations, affected 42 members of a Northern Ireland family. The disease follows a classic autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. The condition is distinct enough in its clinical features and natural history to be recognized as a new and unique disease. There are both general and focal skeletal changes, the latter having a predominantly peripheral distribution and an onset from the second decade. Progressive osteoclastic resorption accompanied by medullary expansion leads to severe and painful disabling deformities with a tendency to pathologic fracture. Most affected members of the family have an associated early-onset deafness and loss of dentition as a result of unique middle ear and dental abnormalities. The serum alkaline phosphatase and urinary hydroxyproline are elevated to a variable degree, whereas other biochemical indices are normal. The response of the disease to a therapeutic trial using parenteral dichloro-methylene-diphosphonate (dichloro-MDP) produced an initial rapid biochemical response, which was not sustained.

Bone Diseases, Developmental↗
PubMed1993

Inhibition of prostanoid synthesis depresses alveolar bone resorption but enhances root resorption in the rat.

Tooth drift requires the deformation of the root socket and the adjustment of the other components of the attachment apparatus, namely, the periodontal ligament (PDL) and the cementum. Indomethacin (7.5 mg/kg/d), an inhibitor of prostanoid synthesis, provoked in rats a depression in the bone resorption effecting the deformation of the socket (Lasfargues and Saffar, Anat. Rec., 234:310-316, 1992). In the present paper we examined the consequence of this treatment both on the PDL and the root surface. After 3 days of treatment, when osteoclastic resorption was not yet disturbed, the root had been markedly resorbed (P < 0.05) opposite the resorbing bone surface; at that time the PDL width remained in the normal range. After 7 days, i.e., when the bone resorption was depressed, the PDL was widened as the result of the ongoing root resorption. Despite the extensive root resorption, the anchorage of the PDL fibers appeared to remain effective, suggesting that it was rapidly restored. On day 14 at the time of the bone resorption recovery, cementum was deposited in the root resorption lacunae and the PDL width had returned to its control value. As early as day 3 the daily rate of dentine formation increased in the pulp area subjacent to the root resorption lacunae (P < 0.01). These data demonstrate that i) the responses of the different components of the periodontal apparatus are coordinated to allow for the maintainance of the PDL width so that when bone resorption is disturbed, root resorption compensates for it, and ii) the odontoclasts can differentiate and resorb under prostanoid inhibition whilst osteoclastic resorption of the bone socket is inhibited.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2004

Toxicity of concentrated sodium hypochlorite used as an endodontic irrigant.

AIM: To present a clinical case that illustrates the toxicity of concentrated sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on vital tissues. SUMMARY: The severe clinical consequences of extruding concentrated NaOCl into the periradicular tissues during root canal irrigation are described. After diagnosis of external resorption in tooth 34, endodontic treatment was initiated. Following irrigation with a concentrated NaOCl solution, a rapidly developing swelling and haematoma were visible. During the next few days, an extensive bruise and local necrosis of the oral mucosa developed. After healing of the involved tissues, the canal was prepared and obturated. At this time, no clinical symptoms remained. KEY LEARNING POINTS: * The use of concentrated NaOCl as a root canal irrigant might cause severe clinical problems when extruded into vital tissues. * The present report confirms the known toxicity of NaOCl to soft tissues following inadvertent extrusion. * To avoid extrusion, it is always prudent to confirm the length and integrity of the root canal system before irrigating with concentrated solutions.

Dental Pulp Cavity↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Secondary retention in the primary dentition.

Secondary retention refers to cessation of tooth eruption after emergence. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical, radiographic, and histological characteristics of secondary retention as well as the treatment results in a group of thirty-four patients with seventy-seven secondarily retained primary molars. The most important clinical and radiographical criterion for diagnosing secondary retention was infraclusion. Percussion was not a reliable diagnostic tool. Secondary retention in the primary dentition may predispose to a similar disorder in the permanent dentition. In many cases, occlusal disturbances and underdevelopment of the alveolar process disappeared spontaneously after eruption of the permanent successor, unless a similar disorder was observed in the permanent dentition. Active therapy is necessary only in case of severe infraclusion, severe malocclusion, dislocation or agenesis of the successor.

Adolescent↗