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PubMed2003

[Prevalence of zoophilic dermatophytes in the Sarajevo region].

Zoophlic dermatophytes are common cause of tinea infections in Europe, especially in Mediterranean area. The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of zoophilic dermatophytes in Sarajevo area, during a five-year period (1998-2002). Samples (skin scrapings or nail fragments) were taken from 2,142 patients who presented with suspected dermatophytoses and cultured on Sabouraud agar. After three weeks of incubations 465 (21.7%) dermatophytes were identified based on macroscopic and microscopic morphology. Zoophilic dermatophytes were found in 421 (90.5%) patients. The most common zoophilic species was Microsporum canis (80.0%), whereas Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Trichophyton verrucosum were less frequently isolated, in 9.7% and 0.9%, respectively. Lesions of tinea capitis were the most prevalent clinical type of Microsporum canis infections (28.8%), followed by tinea corporis (27.4%), tinea faciei (14.8%), tinea pedum (10.2%), tinea unguium (7.8%), tinea manuum (7.5%) and tinea cruris (3.5%). The findings in our study indicate a constant increase in frequency of the zoophilic microsporiasis in recent years in Sarajevo area.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Epidemiology of dermatomycoses in children living in Northern Greece 1996-2000.

In the 5-years period, 1996-2000, 1045 children under 13 years old were examined for suspected dermatomycosis. In 611 cases fungi were isolated. Male children were mainly affected on the scalp and body area. Girls were more affected in the location of the arms and legs. There was a greater proportion of cases in the age range 2-12 years. The most prominent fungus was Microsporum canis (515 cases) followed by Trichophyton rubrum (34) and Candida albicans (20). Tinea capitis (280 cases) mainly caused by M. canis (276 cases) was the most common clinical form. Tinea corporis (109 cases) mainly caused by M. canis (88 cases), C. albicans (10 cases) and T. rubrum (seven cases) was the second most frequent clinical form.

Candida albicans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dermatophytoses in children: study of 137 cases.

Dermatophytoses are common fungal infections caused by dermatophytes but there are few data about this condition in the childhood. 137 children below the age of 12 and clinically diagnosed as tineas were investigated prospectively at Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria, Rio de Janeiro, from 1994 to 1999. Hair, skin/nails scraping and pus swabs were collected from lesions and processed for fungus. Male children from 2 to 12 years were mostly affected; tinea capitis (78 cases) mainly caused by Microsporum canis (46 cases) was the most common clinical form. Tinea corporis (43 cases) mainly caused by Trichophyton rubrum (17 cases) accounted for the second most frequent clinical form. Tinea cruris (10 cases) with Trichophyton rubrum (5 cases) as the most common etiologic agent accounted for the third most frequent clinical form. Tinea pedis and tinea unguium were much less frequent (3 cases each). Trichophyton rubrum was the most common etiologic agent isolated in these cases (3 cases).

Brazil↗
PubMed2000

From Animal to Man: Tinea Barbae.

Dermatophytic fungi cause human infection worldwide. One clinical syndrome--tinea barbae, which closely resembles tinea capitis--is a trichophytosis involving the beard and mustache areas of the face. The fungal agents responsible for tinea barbae (Trichophyton verrucosum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes) are contracted through occupational exposure to animals infected with zoophilic dermatophytes. Tinea barbae may be confused with other facial infections, especially those caused by Staphylococcus aureus or other facial dermatophytes (usually anthrophilic). In an afebrile patient without leucocytosis, a distinctive facial lesion, called a kerion, can be the essential diagnostic finding. Diagnosis requires suspicion based on appropriate exposure. Definitive diagnosis requires a combination of clinical examination, direct microscopic examination using potassium hydroxide, and culture confirmation. Topical treatment is not effective. Oral therapy with an antifungal (eg, terbinafine) or an azole is recommended. This article reviews these factors, as well as germane epidemiologic and prevention measures.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1976

Diagnostic procedures of the skin. Part one: Wood's light, KOH slide, Gram's stain, and cultures.

The diagnosis of skin lesions involves the same priniciples and methodology required in other medical problems. Visual recognition alone and "shotgun" therapy is not a satisfactory clinical approach. A disciplined and careful examination of lesions, establishment of a differential diagnosis, and selection of appropriate procedures are frequently necessary for cutaneous diseases. The indications, limitations, interpretation, and techniques of diagnostic procedures must be well understoood to obtain reliable information. Not all tinea capitis will reveal fluorescence with Wood's light examination, but the Wood's light may be particularly helpful in the diagnosis of tinea versicolor, erythrasma, porphyria, and tuberous sclerosis. Bacterial growth on cultures taken from the skin does not necessarily mean infection. Because the eczematous skin teems with bacteria, there must be a careful interpretation of the cultures results within the context of the clinical situation. This paper is the first in a two-part series dealing with selected cutaneous procedures which are useful to the family physician in everyday practice.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed2006

Clinico-mycological profile of dermatophytosis in a reference centre for leprosy and dermatological diseases in Addis Ababa.

To assess the clinical and fungal species spectrum of dermatophyte infection in a reference centre in Addis Ababa, 539 dermatological patients with signs of dermatophytosis were investigated. Seventy-one percent were female and 29% male, aged 2-66 years (median 9). Four hundred-fifteen (77%) had at least one skin lesion. Tinea capitis was diagnosed in 138/155 males (89%) as compared to 214/384 females (40%) (p < 0.05). T. capitis was diagnosed in 69% of the 374 children. Fingernails were affected in 132/145 (91%) of onychomycosis, 118 (90%) of these patients were females and 14 males (p < 0.05). Tinea corporis was observed in 45, and other types of tinea in 12 patients. Thirty-six percent of all patients had also other skin lesions, mostly impetigo. Of 490 cultured samples 364 (74%) grew dermatophytes: Trichophyton violaceum in 84%, Trichophyton verrucosum in 9.6%, Trichophyton tonsurans in 1.4% and T. rubrum in 0.5%. Additionally, 15 isolates were identified as white variants of T. violaceum, in 3 cases confirmed by sequencing of the rDNA ITS 2 region. T. capitis in young males and T. unguium of fingernails in females were the most common manifestations of dermatophytosis in Addis Ababa, usually caused by T.violaceum.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Mycoses in India--study in Madras.

The incidence of mycoses is high in Madras accounting for over 13% of dermatoses diagnosed in a three-year period. Dermatophytoses (tinea corporis and tinea cruris) and pityriasis versicolor were most common in May and October. A correlation was observed between these infections and environmental temperature, humidity and rainfall. Most cases of all dermatophytoses except tinea capitis were recorded between 10 and 30 years of age but the latter was most common between one and 10 years. Males were predominantly affected with all except tinea axillaris, candidiasis and piedra. The incidence of piedra and deep mycoses was low.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1980

Incidence of dermatophytes in the San Francisco Bay area.

A total of 1,101 patients was studied for the incidence and distribution of dermatophytes in the San Francisco Bay Area from 1974 to 1978. 267 dermatophytes were isolated and identified. Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton tonsurans were the most prevalent dermatophytes. T. rubrum caused 83% of tinea pedis, 82% of tinea unguium, 80% of tinea manuum and 66% of tinea cruris. T. tonsurans was the major cause of tinea capitis (60%) followed by Microsporum canis. Microsporum audouinii was not encountered in this survey.

Arthrodermataceae↗
PubMed1997

[Etiologic and epidemiologic study of dermatomycoses in Navarra (Spain)].

We review the etiology of the dermatophytosis in Navarra (Spain) over a 5-year period and it is compared with previous studies. We have isolated 312 strains of dermatophyte fungi in 285 patients (188 men and 97 women). Trichophyton rubrum was the most frequently isolated species (58.6%) followed by Trichophyton mentagrophytes (26.2%) and Microsporum canis (10.5%). Concerning the location of the lesions, tinea pedis was the clinical pattern found in the greatest number of patients, followed by tinea corporis, tinea unguium and tinea capitis. Twenty eight percent of the isolations were accomplished in October and November. More than half of those patients questioned had had epidemiological contact with animals or practiced sports. The rise of tinea pedis in our region is emphasised. The possible causes of this increment are analyzed and some recommendations for its control are made.

English Abstract↗
PubMed2004

Dermatophytosis in children and adolescents in Gdansk, Poland.

During a 3-year period (1999-2001) a total of 94 cases of dermatophytosis were seen in patients from 0 to 18 years of age attending the Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology of Gdańsk Medical University. Mycoses were diagnosed on the basis of clinical picture and direct microscopy and were confirmed by positive cultures. The most frequent pathogens were Microsporum canis (62%) and Trichophyton rubrum (12%). The most often forms of dermatophytosis in children were tinea cutis glabrae (42%) and tinea capitis (30%). Microsporum canis predominated in both locations. Glabrous skin lesions were the most frequent in children aged 8-15 years; the peak of scalp lesions was observed mainly in children aged 4-7 years. Tinea pedis occurred more frequently than suspected. Tinea pedis was observed mainly in adolescents (above the age of 12 years)--the majority of cases were caused by T. rubrum and T. mentagrophytes var. granulosum. Onychomycosis was highly uncommon, caused mainly by T. rubrum. Dermatomycoses in general were most frequent in October and November.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Tinea corporis due to Trichophyton tonsurans Malmsten--report of a patient from Zaire.

Trichophyton tonsurans is an anthropophilic dermatophyte that is predominantly responsible in man for tinea capitis. Although this fungus has a world-wide distribution, most reports of the occurrence of Trichophyton tonsurans infections originate from the USA, Latin America and some European countries. A 31-year-old African woman, formerly a resident of Zaire, with tinea corporis caused by Trichophyton tonsurans infection is described here.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2005

Superficial fungal infections seen at the National Skin Centre, Singapore.

UNLABELLED: Cutaneous fungal infections are common in Singapore. The National Skin Centre is a tertiary referral centre for dermatological diseases in the country, and sees more than 2,500 cases of superficial fungal infections annually. AIM: This study analyses data collated from the centre's medical record office as well as fungal culture results from the mycology laboratory. RESULTS: From 1999 to 2003, there were a total of 12,903 cases of superficial fungal infections seen at the centre. The majority of patients (n=9335) (72.3%) were males. The most common infection was tinea pedis (n=3516) (27.3%), followed by pityriasis versicolor (n=3249) (25.2%) and tinea cruris (n=1745) (13.5%). Candidal infections were also common (n=1430), the majority of which were cases of candidal intertrigo. There were very few cases of tinea capitis, which is uncommon in Singapore. The number of cases of onychomycosis has shown a rising trend over the past 5 years. Trichophyton rubrum was the most prevalent fungal pathogen isolated from all cases of superficial fungal infections of the skin, except for tinea pedis, where Trichophyton interdigitale was the most frequently isolated organism. Dermatophytes remain the most commonly isolated fungal pathogens isolated in toenail onychomycosis, whilst Candida species accounted for the majority of isolates in fingernail onychomycosis. CONCLUSION: Current epidemiologic trends of superficial fungal infections in Singapore show some similarities to recent studies from the United Kingdom and United States.

Candidiasis, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1991

Review of dermatophytoses in Galicia from 1951 to 1987, and comparison with other areas of Spain.

We have reviewed all the dermatophytoses diagnosed in Galicia during four consecutive 9-year periods 1951-86 and 1987. From 4571 patients, we isolated 3351 fungal strains belonging, in decreasing order of frequency, to the following dermatophyte species: Microsporum canis (25.5%), Trichophyton rubrum (24.6%), T. mentagrophytes (21.4%), Epidermophyton floccosum (11.8%), M. gypseum (5.2%), T. tonsurans (3.9%), T. verrucosum (3.1%), T. schoenlenii (2.5%), T. violaceum (1.2%), T. mengninii (0.3%), M. audouinii (0.2%), T. equinum (0.1%) and T. soudanense (0.1%). Tinea capitis has diminished in frequency since 1951, though there was been a slight increase since 1978; M. canis has always been the most common agent, and between 1951 and 1959 T. schoenleinii was also very frequent but is no longer found. The frequency of tinea corporis, on the other hand, has experienced a considerable increase. Its most common causal agents in the last few years have been T. mentagrophytes, M. canis and T. rubrum. Until 1977 the most common tinea cruris dermatophyte was E. floccosum, but since then it has been T. rubrum. The commonest tinea pedis dermatophytes have been T. rubrum and T. mentagrophytes. Tinea unguium and tinea barbae have been the most frequent dermatophytoses, and their commonest causal agents T. rubrum and T. mentagrophytes respectively. We have documented the distribution of the various causal agents by location of the lesions, age and source of the patients (private or National Health Service patients), and we have compared the results with those obtained in other regions of Spain.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Superficial mucocutaneous mycosis].

Superficial mycosis are very common. The frequency in France is 10 to 15% of the population. The reason for the high incidence of this disease is the change of the moral values, rise in promiscuity and increase sports activities. The agents responsible are divided in four groups. Dermatophytes involve keratin of the skin, hairs and nails but never the mucous membranes. They can cause glabrous skin lesion, tinea corporis, tinea capitis or onychomycosis. Yeast are divided in two groups: the candidiasis and Malassezia furfur, the etiologic agent of pityriasis versicolor. Oral mucosa candidiasis is very common in HIV infected patients.

Candidiasis, Cutaneous↗
PubMed2004

A case of black dot ringworm attributable to Trichophyton violaceum: a simple method for identifying macroconidia and microconidia formation by Fungi-Tape and MycoPerm-Blue.

An 85-year-old Japanese woman sought a dermatologic consultation for evaluation of a walnut-sized alopecia with pityroid desquamation in the parietal region of her scalp. She had been admitted to a nursing home about three months earlier, and, at that time, a thumb-tip-sized, scaly alopecia was noted. Several hairs at the site were eroded in a black dot. Direct KOH microscopy of affected hair showed large spore endothrix infection. To isolate macro- and microconidia for fungal identification, we incubated the affected hair and scales and obtained giant colonies in a special enriched medium. Using Fungi-tape and MycoPerm-Blue, we were able to collect and identify Trichophyton violaceum macro- and microconidia from the white, powdery, fluffy colony that slowly developed after about six weeks of growth on enriched medium. Over the past 20 years, only about 20 cases of tinea capitis caused by T. violaceum have been reported in Japan, and macroconidia have been identified in only 4 cases, including this one.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Favus due to Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. quinckeanum.

A case of inflammatory tinea capitis caused by Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. quinckeanum in a 3-year-old Tunisian girl is presented. The disease healed after treatment with griseofulvin for 6 weeks and topical application of econazole.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Inhibition of growth of dermatophytes by Indian hair oils.

A survey on the use of hair oils for hair dressings by the Indian population revealed that mustard oil is preferred by males and coconut oil by females. Amla oil is used equally by both. These oils contain different percentages of various saturated and unsaturated fatty acids which largely determine their toxicity against dermatophytes. For Microsporum canis, M. gypseum and Trichophyton rubrum, amla oil was most toxic, followed by cantharidine and coconut oil, while Trichophyton mentagrophytes was most susceptible to coconut oil followed by amla and cantharidine oil. Mustard oil showed least toxicity to all four test species. The rarity of tinea capitis in India has been concluded to be due to the common use of hair oils by the Indian population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Findings on dermatomycoses observed at the Dermatologic Clinic, University of Pavia. A third pathology caused by Trichophyton rubrum].

From 1974 to 1988 T. rubrum have been isolated in 304 cases (27.8% of dermatophytes) in the Department of Dermatology in Pavia and it is the second most frequent fungus after M. canis. Males are more frequently affected (61.1%) than females (38.9%). A single localization was found in 82.2% of the cases and two or more types of "Tineae" only in 17.8%. The age-group 31-40 is more frequently affected (29%). The most frequent dermatophytosis caused by T. rubrum was Tinea pedis (33.9%) while Tinea capitis resulted a very rare localization (2.1%). An increase of T. rubrum infections is noted particularly in the last years.

Adolescent↗