[Device for the graphic evaluation of the temporal fluctuations in muscle tonus in rats].
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Animals↗
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Results for “Temporal Muscle”
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[Electromyographic evaluation of the function of temporal and masseter muscles in dysfunction of the temporomandibular joints].
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Dentistry↗
[Effect of calcium on the temporal characteristics of muscle contraction].
It is shown that the shape of mechanical relaxation time spectrum of single glycerinated rabbit fibre m. psoas changed with calcium concentration. When increasing Ca++ of the rate constant of delayed tension development increases several times in the absence of inorganic phosphate. Addition of 10 mM of inorganic phosphate increases this rate constant and sharply decreases its calcium dependence. These data are discussed in terms of possible connection between cross-bridges by means of ATPase reaction product-inorganic phosphate.
Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
Spatial and temporal patterns of muscle formation in the limb of the avian embryo.
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Animals↗
Temporal effect of muscle contraction on respiratory sinus arrhythmia.
The purpose of this investigation was to compare the heart rate variability at respiratory frequency (HRVRF) in muscle contractions during the inspiratory phase with that during the expiratory phase. Eight volunteers performed pedaling on a cycle ergometer, twice a cycle of respiration (4 sec) against a load of 0.25 Nm/kg BW, of which the timing was adjusted to twice during the inspiration phase (I), once during the expiration, once during the inspiration (EI), or twice during the expiration phase (E). Spectral analysis was applied to the R-R intervals of each condition. The amplitude of HRVRF in E was less than half of 1 (9 +/- 2 msec versus 23 +/- 2 msec). The results indicate that the timing of muscle contraction can affect the heart rate variability even at the frequency band of respiration.
Adult↗
[Integrated and frequency spectra of the electromyograms in patients with temporomandibular symptoms].
With the aid of bipolar surface electrodes, the electromyographic activity of the anterior temporal and the superficial masseter muscles were recorded bilaterally and evaluated by counting the integrated potentials and mean power frequency using Fourier's analysis. A comparison between 17 patients with myofacial pain dysfunction (average age 21.3 years) and a group of 20 controls (average age 20.5 years) revealed a significantly greater activity in patients with pain syndrome, while no significant inter-group difference in mean power frequency was seen. The differences in the level of activity between the right and left sides in the control group were significantly smaller than in patients with pain dysfunction. An investigation of measures aimed at reducing the right/left asymmetry in a further 14 patients with pain dysfunction revealed the practice of "maximum occlusion with feedback" to be the most effective measure.
Adolescent↗
Quantitative surface EMG of pericranial muscles. Reproducibility and variability.
We present reproducibility data on a quantitative electromyographic investigation of the temporal and frontal muscles using surface electrodes. Such data have not been published before. They constitute a necessary basis for future evaluation of the importance of pericranial muscles in tension-type headache. Root mean squares and mean rectified values of the electrical activity were measured in 20 healthy subjects. Power spectra were calculated and the mean and median frequencies were extracted. The coefficient of intraindividual variation in RMS from the right temporal muscle within the same examination was 14%, between several examinations on the same day 18% and between measurements on 2 different days 18%. The corresponding coefficients of interindividual variation were 36, 31 and 38%. The left temporal and frontal muscles showed similar coefficients of variation. At rest, no differences were found between muscles, but during maximal voluntary contraction the frontal muscle revealed a 55% lower RMS values than the temporal muscles. The method used was reproducible and reliable in measuring quantitative electrical activity of pericranial muscles.
Adult↗
Observation of proportionality of myoelectrical activity of anterior temporalis to masseter muscle during clenching at varied jaw positions.
Twelve healthy subjects with an intact permanent dentition and normal occlusion were selected for sampling of myoelectrical activity of their left and right anterior temporal and masseter muscles during habitual clenching level in varied positions. The proportionality of normalized myoelectrical potentials of anterior temporal muscle to masseter muscle at ICP and RCP was greater than one, while the proportionality at PP was less than one. In the lateral position, the proportionality on the working side was approximately equal to that at RCP, while the proportionality on the non-working side was similar to that at PP. These results suggest that temporal muscle contraction can bring the mandible upward and backward whilst the masseter muscle can elevate the mandible upward and forward.
Action Potentials↗
Multiple isoelectric variants of flightin in Drosophila stretch-activated muscles are generated by temporally regulated phosphorylations.
Drosophila stretch-activated flight muscles contain flightin, a novel myofibrillar protein that interacts with myosin filaments. We have identified eleven flightin isoelectric variants that can be subdivided into phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated subclasses. Flight muscles of late pupal stage P15, at which time myofibrillogenesis has been completed but the muscle has yet to be used, contain primarily non-phosphorylated variants. A dramatic increase in flightin phosphorylation occurs subsequent to eclosion. As the young adult matures, increasingly phosphorylated variants are generated following a precise ontogenetic progression. Adults 5-6 h old and older contain the entire set of flightin isoelectric variants. All nine phosphovariants remain metabolically active throughout adult life as evidenced by their ability to incorporate radioactive phosphate in older adults. Our results suggest the possibility that all nine phosphorylated variants originate from a single precursor by sequential phosphorylation. Phosphorylation of flightin may thus serve both structural and regulatory functional roles.
Animals↗
Primate experiments in malocclusion and bone induction.
It has been recognized for many years that muscle function influences bone formation and morphology. It is hypothesized here that the movement of bone into new positions within a muscle system results in rearrangement of the stress distribution and reorganization of shape and internal structure. To test the above hypothesis, clinical and animal experiments involving the use of posterior occlusal bite blocks, Herbst appliances, and temporal and masseter muscle stimulation were undertaken. Chronic or continuous alteration in mandibular position within the neuromuscular environment with the posterior occlusal bite block and the Herbst appliance in a sample of monkeys produced extensive condylar remodeling and change in mandibular size. Short periods of induced hyperactivity in the masseter and temporal muscles were associated with the production of malocclusion symptoms. Excess induced temporal muscle activity of specific frequency and intensity may interfere with the remodeling of bone grafts placed under the temporal muscle, while a lesser level of activity was associated with bone remodeling.
Animals↗
Temporal patterns of trunk muscle activity throughout a dynamic, asymmetric lifting motion.
This study examined the effects of trunk speed and exertion level on temporal aspects of trunk muscle activity patterns during dynamic, asymmetric lifting. Electromyographic (EMG) data from eight trunk muscles were collected along with trunk torque output, position, and velocity data during several repetitions of four speed/loading combination conditions. During analysis, each muscle's EMG record was reduced to three key events: a start, a peak, and an end point. For each subject, temporally ordered event lists were constructed for each test condition. Networks of events that consistently occurred regardless of loading or speed levels were constructed for each subject. Two event pairs occurred consistently for all subjects under all conditions, whereas some pairs occurred in association with specific speed or resistance levels. Temporal information related to muscle activity could be used in biomechanical models in order to predict changes in spinal loading during the course of workplace tasks.
Adult↗
Augmentation of the anterior temporal fossa after temporalis muscle transfer.
Pedicled transfer of the temporalis muscle has proven to be a reliable and versatile procedure in reconstructive craniomaxillofacial surgery. Excluding those complications related to the coronal incision, little specific attention has been given in the literature to the prevention or treatment of the esthetic defect that remains after muscle transfer. This article describes a case in which block porous high-density polyethylene was used to eliminate the residual defect of the anterior temporal fossa after transmaxillary pedicled transfer for closure of a large oral-antral communication. The implant provided an esthetically pleasing augmentation of the defect. A discussion and analysis of the implant materials available for reconstruction of this region is also presented.
Adult↗
Changes in mandibular rotation after muscular resection. Experimental study in rats.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of bilateral muscular resection on the rotational pattern of the rat mandible. The specific aim of the study was to seek possible changes in "articular growth" in the posterior (ramus and condyle of the mandible), and in the anterior part of the face (upper viscerocranium, and maxillary and mandibular dentoalveolar processes). The masseter, temporal, and suprahyoid muscles were bilaterally resected in three experimental groups of 21-day-old female Wistar rats. Another group of rats served as control. The results were evaluated at 42 (prepubertal) and 60 days after birth (pubertal rats). The craniofacial growth pattern, ramus dimension, condylar growth direction, histologic evaluation of condylar cartilage, and dentoalveolar processes height changes were studied. Two mandibular rotational patterns were found: one inferior after masseter muscles resection (MR), and the other superior after temporal muscles resection (TR). A less intense superior rotational pattern, after suprahyoid muscles resection (SR), was found also. Morphologic changes were more intense in older rats. On the contrary, more intense condylar histologic changes were found in younger rats. Changes in "articular growth" primarily take place at maxillary and mandibular dentoalveolar processes. Condylar growth amount could be modified to a limited extent. More important were the changes in condylar growth direction. An upward rotational pattern of the upper viscerocranium was detected when the inferior mandibular rotation pattern was produced.
Age Factors↗
[Investigation of an electromyogram and a mandibular movement in prognathia of mixed dentition compared with normal occlusion].
A quantitative analysis of EMG activity in temporal and masseter muscle and of mandibular movement was performed in prognathia (n = 20) and normal (n = 30) occlusion. EMG recordings were analyzed during rest position, maximal clenching and maximal clenching with a cotton-roll. Mandibular movement was examined for path of closure, amount of freeway, maximal velocity of jaw opening and closing, condylar test and amount of maximal vertical jaw opening. The results of the investigation revealed the following. Normal occlusion and prognathia were classified into two groups by path of closure. One group was going toward the upper front and another toward the upper back. The former was indicated in 77% of normal occlusion and 65% of prognathia cases examined. Amount of freeway space was the same in both groups. Maximal velocity of jaw was significantly (p less than 0.05) faster for prognethia than for normal occlusion. Condylar test was significantly (p less than 0.05) greater for prognathia than for normal occlusion. Temporal muscle activity was greater for normal occlusion than for prognathia. During maximal clenching, temporal muscle activity was greater than masseter activity in the normal occlusion. A tendency toward negative correlation was found between temporal muscle activity during maximal clenching and the mandibular plane angle, facial height and gonial angle. The same tendency was found between masseter muscle activity and the mandibular plane angle, facial height, ramus-height and gonial angle. These results prove that it is important to examine muscle activity and mandibular movement to make treatment planning.
Dental Occlusion↗
Computerized 3-dimensional study of the embryologic development of the human masticatory muscles and temporomandibular joint.
PURPOSE: In this study, the development of human embryonic temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and masticatory muscles were investigated by using computed 3-dimensional reconstructions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen human embryos and fetuses, ranging from 6.5 to 107 mm crown-rump length, were examined. RESULTS: At 10 weeks, a band of mesenchyme extending from the attachment of the lateral pterygoid muscle to the condylar process was observed to pass through the medial side of the condylar process to attach to the malleus. The temporal, masseter, and pterygoid muscles develop from the so called "temporal muscle" primordium, and the temporal muscle was in continuity with the masseter muscle until 14 weeks of fetal life. CONCLUSIONS: The study shows that the muscles of mastication arise from a single primordium. It also confirms the presence of a ligamentous attachment between the lateral pterygoid muscle and the malleus.
Computer Simulation↗
Flatau challenges Dunn, et al.'s priority claim to the discovery of the sphenomandibularis muscle.
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Temporal Muscle↗
Spatial and temporal heterogeneity of superficial muscle strain during in situ fixed-end contractions.
Numerical models of contracting muscle offer a powerful tool to study local mechanical load. For validation of these models, the spatial and temporal distribution of strain was quantified in fixed-end contracting rat tibialis anterior muscle in situ at optimal muscle length (L(o)) and at 120 degrees plantar flexion as well as at 125 and 33Hz stimulation frequency. We studied the hypothesis that after termination of stimulation in situ muscle segments near the motor endplates elongate while segments away from the endplates shorten. We show that both spatial and temporal inhomogeneities in muscle deformation occurred during contraction. Muscle plateau shortening strain equalled 4.1%. Maximal plateau shortening of a muscle segment was much larger (9.6%) and occurred distally (at 0.26 of the scaled length of the muscle). Manipulating torque levels by decreasing the stimulation frequency at the same muscle length induced a decrease in torque ( approximately 20%) with a smaller effect on the level and no effect on the pattern of muscle deformation. During relaxation, distal segments actively shortened at the expense of proximal muscle segments, which elongated. The segments undergoing lengthening were nearer to motor endplates than segments undergoing shortening. In conclusion, the present study provides experimental data on magnitude of contraction-induced deformation needed for validation of numerical models. Local muscle deformation is heterogeneous both temporally and spatially and may be related to proximity to the motor endplates.
Animals↗
Occlusal adjustment and myoelectric activity of the jaw elevator muscles in patients with nocturnal bruxism and craniomandibular disorders.
The effects of occlusal adjustments on the myoelectric activity of the anterior temporal and masseter muscles, with the mandible at rest and during maximal clenching in the intercuspal position (ICP), were studied in 24 nocturnal bruxism patients. Before the occlusal adjustment, the patients were treated with a flat occlusal splint for chronic craniomandibular disorders. The results revealed that within the short term the occlusal adjustment, in terms of increased number of occlusal contacts and teeth in contact in ICP, did not change the postural activity, whereas, on average, the level of activation of the jaw elevators, in terms of normalized electromyogram, increased during maximal clenching in ICP. The increase of activity was more pronounced in the masseter muscle than in the anterior temporal muscle.
Adolescent↗